A brief introduction to the poet Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty. What is the style of Yuan Zhen’s poetry?

Life experience Early experience Yuan Zhen’s family has been studying and serving as officials for generations. His grandfather Yuan Qi once served as Nandun Cheng, and his father Yuan Kuan also served as a doctor in the Ministry of War. Yuan Zhen was handsome and pleasant, and his parents loved him very much. From the age of three or four, his father taught him to read, write and recite ancient poems. However, the good times did not last long. When Yuan Zhen was eight years old, his father unfortunately passed away. The brothers born to my first mother were unwilling to support my stepmother and younger siblings. The young mother Zheng had no choice but to leave Luoyang with her children to join her parents' family in Fengxiang. Life was very difficult. The strong and virtuous mother did not let the burden of life overwhelm her. On the one hand, she took care of her children's lives, and on the other hand, she strengthened their education.

Fengxiang was an important place in the northwest of the Tang Dynasty. It was heavily guarded and the society was relatively stable for a while. Yuan Zhen spent his childhood here. His mother, Zheng, was a virtuous scholar and good at housekeeping. Bai Juyi once praised her: "Today's lady is so beautiful as a woman, so virtuous as a woman, and so beautiful as a mother. The beauty of the three is unparalleled in ancient and modern times." Yuan Zhen himself also said in "Tongzhou Prefect Xie Shangbiao": "I lost my father when I was eight years old. My family is poor and unemployed. My mother and brother are beggars to support me. I have no clothes to cover my body and no food to fill my intestines. In the early years of schooling, I was not educated. Teacher training, because of the childishness of the neighborhood, my father and brother were so angry that they wanted to know the poems and books. My loving mother mourned for me and became my professor." It can be seen that Yuan's mother not only managed the family well, but also taught Yuan Zhen poems and books personally. Take on the important responsibility of educating your children. Yuan Zhen was diligent and studious since he was a child. Not only did he receive instruction directly from his mother, he also often borrowed books from neighbors, and then walked to his brother-in-law Lu Han's house for advice. His cousin Hu Lingzhi also taught him poetry rhythm and horseback riding and archery. At the age of nine, Yuan Zhen became mature in poetry writing and marveled at his elders. Because he grew up among the people, he already had an understanding of the situation in the frontier and the decay of the countryside. Entering the officialdom for the first time

In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793) of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, the fifteen-year-old Yuan Zhen was promoted to the rank of Ming Liang Jing. There were many subjects in the imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty, and the subjects with the most applicants were Jinshi and Mingjing. However, there are also differences in difficulty between the two subjects. The Jinshi subject is difficult, "mostly a thousand people can get the first hundred or two." , the saying "Fifty Young Scholars", and literati in the Tang Dynasty also paid more attention to the Jinshi subject. In order to get rid of poverty as soon as possible and gain fame, Yuan Zhen chose to take the Mingjingke exam, which was relatively easy, and won the first battle. At the beginning of his career, Yuan Zhen had no official position and lived in Chang'an. But he did not stop studying hard. The family's collection of books provided him with the conditions to read extensively. The cultural environment of the capital and his wide range of interests cultivated his cultural accomplishment. The following year, I read hundreds of Chen Ziang's poems "Gan Yu" and Du Fu's poems carefully, and began to write a large number of poems.

In the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan (799), 21-year-old Yuan Zhen lived in Puzhou and first served as an official in Hezhong Prefecture. At this time, there was a riot in the garrison and Puzhou was restless. Yuan Zhen relied on the help of his friends to protect his distant relatives in danger. Luan Ding fell in love with his girl. Soon, Yuan Zhen was attracted by his fame and returned to Chang'an to take the imperial examination. Marrying into a high-ranking family

In the winter of the 18th year of Zhenyuan (802), Yuan Zhen took part in the civil service examination again. In the spring of the next year, he was ranked fourth in the Diocese Department of Zhongshu and was awarded the title of Provincial Secretary. In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (AD 803), the 24-year-old Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi, who was eight years older than him, were admitted to the Department of Book Review and Distinguished Service, and were incorporated into the Secretariat Province as the school secretary. From then on, the two became a lifelong companion. Friends. Yuan Zhen was born as a small and medium-sized landowner, and his family status was not high. Only after becoming an official could he have the capital to marry into a high-ranking family. Now he became a school secretary. At this time, Yuan Zhen was in the prime of his life and was talented, so he naturally raised the important matter of his life. On the agenda. According to Han Yu's "Webster's Epitaph of Supervising the Wife of the Censor Yuanjun Jingzhao": "The choice of a son-in-law leads to the present Censor Yuan Zhen of Henan Province. In the Qi Dynasty, he began to choose the school secretary as secretary of the province." Yuan Zhen married Wei Xiaqing soon after he was awarded the school secretary His daughter Wei Cong is his wife. In October, his father-in-law Wei Xiaqing was granted the title of staying in Dongdu and went to Luoyang to take office. Since Wei Cong was "Xie Gong's least favored daughter" and could not let go, Yuan Zhen and Wei Cong accompanied Wei Xiaqing to Luoyang together. The Yuan family did not have a residence in Luoyang, so Yuan Zhen and his wife lived in Wei's house in Luxinfang, Dongdu. He was demoted to Jiangling

In April of the first year of Yuanhe (806), Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi were both talented and knowledgeable in physical education. Zhen ranked first and was awarded Zuo Shiyi.

As soon as Yuan Zhen arrived at his post, he immediately presented his works one after another. He first discussed the "Jiaoben" (emphasizing the selection of guardians for the princes), then "admonitions" and "relocation of temples", and finally discussed major affairs such as the northwest frontier affairs. At the same time, he had a clear-cut banner. He supported Pei Du (the censor at the time) in his attack on the power of the DPRK, which attracted Xianzong's attention and was quickly summoned. Yuan Zhen was diligent in his duties and should have been encouraged. However, because he was too sharp and offended the powerful, he instead aroused the dissatisfaction of his ministers. In September, he was demoted to Henan County Lieutenant. Bai Juyi dismissed his duties as school secretary and became a county captain. At this time, his mother passed away. Yuan Zhen was deeply saddened and stayed at home for three years. After that, the thirty-one-year-old Yuan Zhen was promoted to the position of censor.

In the spring of the fourth year of Yuanhe (809), he was ordered to go to Jiannan Dongchuan. When he first entered the officialdom, he was high-spirited and dedicated to serving the people and serving the country. He boldly impeached unjust officials and vindicated many unjust cases, which was widely welcomed and praised by the people. Bai Juyi even wrote a poem to him as a gift: "His heart is like a lung stone, and he will reach the poor people if he moves. Eighty families in Dongchuan will redress their grievances with one word." This move offended the interests of the old bureaucracy in the DPRK and the vassal group, and soon they found an opportunity to send Yuan Zhen to Dongtai. Dongtai is the Yushitai of Luoyang, the eastern capital, with the purpose of squeezing him out of use. Even after suffering such suppression, Yuan Zhen still adhered to the principles he established when he became an official and enforced the law impartially. In the fourth year of Yuanhe (809), when his official career was frustrated, his skilled and intelligent wife Wei Cong passed away in his prime. Wei Cong's death had a great impact on Yuan Zhen and kept him awake at night. Because it was difficult to relieve his pain, Yuan Zhen wrote the famous mourning poem - "Three Poems to Relieve Sorrow and Feelings".

In the fifth year of Yuanhe (810), Yuan Zhen was recalled and fined for illegal activities in playing Henan Yinfang style (after the founding minister Fang Xuanling). Passing by Fushui Post in Huazhou, he stayed in the upper hall of the post house. It happened that the eunuchs Qiu Shiliang, Liu Shiyuan and others were here and wanted to stay in the upper hall. Yuan Zhen argued hard, but was scolded by Qiu Shiliang, and Liu Shiyuan even went to the upper hall. Yuan Zhen was beaten with a riding crop until he bled, and was eventually driven out of the upper hall. Later, Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty demoted Yuan Zhen to serve as a scholar in Jiangling Prefecture and join the army on the grounds that "Yuan Zhen underestimated his power and lost his integrity as a constitutional minister." From then on, he began his life of being relegated to the state and county for more than ten years. Demoted to Tongzhou

Yuan Zhen was not tolerated by the court because of his outstanding talent and bold personality, so he was exiled to Jingman for nearly ten years. Immediately, Bai Juyi was demoted to the Sima of Jiangzhou, and Yuan Zhen was transferred to the Sima of Tongzhou. Although Tongzhou and Jiangzhou are far apart, the two of them exchanged gifts and exchanges with each other, and the poems they composed ranged from thirty rhymes, fifty rhymes, to hundreds of rhymes. People in the south of the Yangtze River recited it on the road in the post houses, and it spread all the way to the palace. People in the alleys recited it to each other, making paper expensive in the market. From the poem, we can see his state of exile and desolation.

In the first month of the tenth year of Yuanhe (AD 815), the thirty-seven-year-old Yuan Zhen was ordered to return to the court, thinking that there was hope for his use. Passing by Lanqiao Station, I wrote a poem and left it as a gift to my friends Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan who had similar fates. After arriving in Beijing, he sang poetry and wine with Bai Juyi, and he was in high spirits. Yuan Zhen collected the works of poet friends and planned to compile it into "Collection of Poems of Return of Yuan Bai". However, before the manuscript was completed, he was suddenly exiled to Yuanzhou together with Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan. In March of the 10th year of Yuanhe (815), Yuan Zhen "rided to Tongzhou" and became the Sima of Tongzhou. Living in Tongzhou, where "weeping birds rarely fly during the day, and sad souls howl at night and tigers are everywhere" ("Poems to Reward the Lottery for Being Small, Telling Tongzhou Affairs, There Are Four Poems"), he was "dying, old and sick", contracted malaria, and almost died. . He once went to Xingyuan Mansion in West Shannan Province to seek medical treatment. In the midst of poverty and hardship, poets can only express their feelings with poetry and comfort each other with friendship. In Tongzhou, he completed his most influential Yuefu poem "Lianchang Palace Ci" and more than 180 songs with Bai Juyi. Three demotions to Tongzhou

With the amnesty after the Ping of Huaixi and the succession of Yuan Zhen's close friends Cui Qun, Li Yijian, and Pei Du, his long-term politically suppressed situation gradually changed. Yuan Zhen had already acted as governor of Tongzhou in the 13th year of Yuanhe (818). At the end of the year, he was transferred to governor of Guo. In the winter of the fourteenth year of Yuanhe (819), Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty summoned Yuan Zhen back to Beijing and granted him the title of Wai Lang, a member of the catering department. Prime Minister Linghu Chu deeply appreciated his poetry and prose, "thinking that he is the Bao and Xie of this generation." In the 15th year of Yuanhe (820), after Emperor Mu Zong of the Tang Dynasty came to the throne, Yuan Zhen was awarded the title of "Mr. Zhizhi" of the Temple Department due to the recommendation of Prime Minister Duan Wenchang.

Emperor Mu Zong of the Tang Dynasty had already loved Yuan Zhen's poems when he was the crown prince. At this time, he paid special attention to him. He often summoned him to talk about military affairs and northwest border affairs, and asked him to plan. A few months later, he was promoted to Zhongshu Sheren and a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy. Together with Li Deyu and Li Shen who were already in the Hanlin Academy, they were famous for their knowledge and talent, and were called the "Three Talents" at the time ("Old Book of Tang Dynasty: Biography of Li Shen") . While being promoted rapidly, Yuan Zhen fell into a sharp and complex vortex of political struggle. His grudge with Li Zongmin broke out, sowing the seeds of party strife. Soon, due to misunderstandings and other reasons, Pei Du impeached Yuan Zhen for befriending Wei Hongjian, and Yuan Zhen was dismissed as a bachelor of the imperial edict and a minister of the Ministry of Government and Industry. In the spring of the following year, Yuan Zhen and Pei Du became prime ministers successively. During the Tang Dynasty's struggle with local warlords, Yuan Zhen actively quelled the riots and planned to use counterinsurgency tactics to quell the rebellion. But Li Fengji, who coveted the position of prime minister, colluded with the eunuchs and sent people to conspire to falsely accuse Yuan Zhen of plotting to assassinate Pei Du. Although the truth was later found out, Yuan and Pei were dismissed from the prime minister at the same time. Yuan Zhen became the governor of Tongzhou. In the third year of Changqing's reign (823), he was transferred to the post of observer envoy to eastern Zhejiang and governor of Yuezhou. In the first year of Baoli's reign (825), Emperor Jingzong of the Tang Dynasty, Yuan Zhen ordered his seven prefectures to build ponds, build water conservancy, and develop agriculture. During his six years in eastern Zhejiang, Yuan Zhen made considerable political achievements and won the support of the people. The Fourth Demotion to Wuchang

In September of the third year of the reign of Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty (829), Yuan Zhen entered the court as Minister Zuocheng. As he held an important position and had the conditions to promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages, he regained the vigor he had shown when he was an admonisher. He was determined to rectify government officials and eliminate the administration of officials. He demoted seven Lang officials who had been criticized by public opinion out of the capital. However, because Yuan Zhen had no conduct, people were dissatisfied. At that time, Prime Minister Wang Bo suddenly died, Li Zongmin was in power again, and Yuan Zhen was marginalized again. In the first month of the fourth year of Yamato (830), Yuan Zhen was forced to serve as the Secretary of the Household Department of the School of Inspection, and also served as the governor of Ezhou, the imperial censor, and the military governor of Wuchang. On July 22, the fifth year of Yamato (831), he fell ill suddenly and died in the town office one day later. He was fifty-three years old. After his death, he was given a posthumous gift by Shangshu Youpuse, and Bai Juyi wrote an epitaph for him. Main Achievements Officialdom

School Secretary

In the 19th year of Zhenyuan, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi were admitted to the Distinguished Examination Department, and were incorporated into the Secretariat Province as School Secretary.

Zuo Supplements

In April of the first year of Yuanhe (806 AD) of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi were both talented and knowledgeable in the body science. , Yuan Zhen was awarded Zuo Shiyi. Because he showed his sharpness and wrote a frank letter, he was demoted to Henan County Lieutenant in September.

Supervisory Censor

In the fourth year of Yuanhe (809 AD), 31-year-old Yuan Zhen was promoted to Supervisory Censor. In the spring of the next year, he was ordered to go to Jiannan and Dongchuan. Literature

His representative works include "Chrysanthemum", "Five Poems on Parting Thoughts" (Part 4), "Three Poems on Sorrows", "Rabbit Silk", "Heron Flying with Pei Xiaoshu", "Night Pond" ", "Feelings of Passing (Eastern Zhejiang)", "Late Spring", "Poverty Residence in Jing'an", "Farewell to Zhiyong", "Sustaining in Shiji", "Sitting at Night", "Snowy Sky", "Poems to Reward the Lottery for Being Rewarded" "Four poems about the causes of events in Tongzhou", "Poems of the Weaver Woman", "Night Farewell Banquet", "Mountain Loquat", "Two Poems on Thoughts", "Bamboo (Getting to Xiangliu)", "Zhubu (Shishou County)" World)", "Two Poems in White Clothes", "Yu Zhongsu", "Reward for Five Kangzuo (the second time uses the original rhyme)", "Poems from One to Seven Characters", etc., among which "Chrysanthemum" and "Five Poems of Lisi" (fourth) The three poems "Three Poems on Sorrow and Feelings" (Part Two) are widely circulated, especially "Five Poems on Parting Thoughts" (Part Four) which is extremely famous. The poem describes the unfulfilling thoughts that have been hidden in my heart for a long time. Because I once knew my lover, I have never looked at other women since then ("Take a few flowers to look back lazily"). The poem has a metaphorical line: "It was once difficult to make water in the sea. Except for Wushan, it is not a cloud." The language is fantastic and the artistic conception is hazy. It is very popular among people. "Three Songs of Sorrow" expresses the endless longing for the deceased wife. It is so sad that it makes people shed tears of sympathy. The concluding sentence of the second poem "Poor and lowly couples are saddened by everything" is well-known to the world. . Weizhi's collection has the same name as Juyi's, Changqing, and has been compiled into twenty-eight volumes of poems (volumes 396 to 423 of the Complete Tang Poems). Literary Characteristics

Yuan Zhen was good at both poetry and prose. There are more than 30 volumes of "Yuan Zhen Collection", all styles should be prepared, and there are excellent works and famous articles from time to time.

Yuefu poems play a large role in Yuan poetry. Yuan Zhen’s "Preface to the Twelve Yuefu Poems Newly Titled by Li Xiaoshu" "selected those who were particularly ill at the time of their illness" and Liu Meng and Li The 19 ancient Yuefu poems in Yu's "Ancient Yuefu Poems" are also listed in the Yuefu category in the Yuan Collection. Their purpose is allegory, and they are as famous as "Song of Everlasting Sorrow". The narrative is detailed, beautiful and natural. The most distinctive features of Yuan poetry are erotic poems and mourning poems.

Yuan Zhen also made certain achievements in prose and legend. He was the first to use ancient Chinese to make imperial edicts. His style was high and his words were beautiful, and he was imitated by others. His legend "The Story of Yingying" (also known as "The Story of Huizhen") narrates the tragic love story between Zhang Sheng and Cui Yingying. It is beautifully written and meticulously depicted, making it a famous piece among the legends of the Tang Dynasty. Later opera authors created many operas based on their story characters, such as "The Romance of the West Chamber" by Dong Jieyuan of the Jin Dynasty and "The Romance of the West Chamber" by Wang Shifu of the Yuan Dynasty. Yuan Zhen once compiled various collections of poems and essays by himself and collected them with his friends. Today, Chen Yinke has the "Yuanbai Poems and Notes", Bian Xiaoxuan has the "Yuanzhen Chronicle", Zhou Xianglu has the "Yuanzhen Collection", and Ji Qin has the "Yuanzhen Collection".

Yuan Zhen admired Du's poetry very much. His poetry was like Du but could change Du's, and it presented beauty and splendor in plain and bright colors, with strong colors, twists and turns of narrative, and vivid and moving details depicting people like Liu Meng and Li Yu. The 19 ancient Yuefu poems in "Ancient Yuefu Poems" are also listed in the Yuefu category in the Yuan Collection. Their purports are allegorical, and they are as famous as "Song of Everlasting Sorrow". He is good at writing about the love between men and women, and his descriptions are detailed and vivid, which is different from the general description of erotic poems. Among the mourning poems written in memory of his wife Wei Cong, "Three Poems on Sorrow and Feelings" are the most widely circulated. In terms of poetry form, Yuan Zhen is the founder of "sub-rhyme reciprocity". "Rewarding Hanlin Bai Xueshi "One Hundred Rhymes of Dai Shu"" and "Repaying Lotte "One Hundred Rhymes of Southeast Poems"" both reuse the original rhyme of Bai's poems in sequence, with the same rhyme but different meanings. This practice of "reciprocating with minor rhymes" had a great impact at the time and was also prone to malpractice.

Yuefu poetry occupies an important position in Yuan poetry. His "Combined Preface with the Twelve Yuefu Poems Newly Titled by Li Xiaoshu" "selected those who were particularly ill at the time of their illness" inspired the creation of new Yuefu. And it has certain practical significance. The disadvantage is that the theme is not focused enough and the image is not clear enough. And the 19 ancient Yuefu poems in Liu Meng and Li Yu's "Ancient Yuefu Poems" can use ancient inscriptions to innovate new meanings of words, with profound themes, concentrated descriptions and powerful expressions. The long narrative poem "Lianchang Palace Ci" is also listed in the Yuefu category in the Yuan Collection, with an allegorical purpose. He is good at writing about the love between men and women, and his descriptions are detailed and vivid, which is different from the general description of erotic poems. Among the mourning poems written in memory of his wife Wei Cong, "Three Poems on Sorrow and Feelings" are the most widely circulated. In terms of poetry form, Yuan Zhen is the founder of "sub-rhyme reciprocity". "Rewarding Hanlin Bai Xueshi "One Hundred Rhymes of Dai Shu"" and "Rewarding Letian "One Hundred Rhymes of Southeast Poems"" both reuse the original rhyme of Bai's poems in sequence, with the same rhyme but different meanings. This practice of "reciprocating with minor rhymes" had a great impact at the time and was also prone to malpractice. Yuan Zhen once compiled various collections of poems and essays by himself and collected them with his friends. The collection "Yuanshi Changqing Collection" contains more than 100 volumes of poems, edicts, inscriptions, admonitions, and discussions. Deeds can be seen in the new and old "Tang Shu" biography. Character evaluation

Li Zhao once said in "Supplement to the History of the Tang Dynasty": "After the Yuan Dynasty, the study of poetry was learned from Bai Juyi, and the study of poetry was learned from Yuan Zhen."

Li Kan said: "Since the Yuanhe Dynasty, there have been poets from the Yuan Dynasty and the Bai Dynasty. They are delicate and beautiful, but they are not elegant people in the village. They are mostly ruined by them. They are among the people, neglected by the walls, and their children and parents talk to each other and teach, and they talk obscenely. Cold in winter and hot in summer penetrate into human muscles and bones and cannot be removed. "

Du Mu's "Epitaph of Li Fujun, the Inspector of the Pinglu Army in the Tang Dynasty": At that time, a young man from Chang'an was sent to the Chu River in the Bashu River. They imitated each other and competed to write new words, calling themselves Yuanhe style poems.

Bai Juyi's "Repaying Wei Zhi": "The sound of beautiful music beats the cold jade, and the beautiful words and sentences are decorated with colored silk." "Reposting Wei's Poems" says: Poems have changed in style since the Yuan Dynasty. Note: People call Yuan Bai Qianyanlu, or Yuanhege. "The remaining thoughts are added to the six rhymes and sent in detail": "The system is based on the Changqing Ci Gaogu".

"Canglang Poetry Talk": "Harmonious rhyme is the most harmful to poetry. The ancients praised and sang songs without substituting rhyme. This trend first flourished in Baipilu, Yuan Dynasty, and the sages of this dynasty worked hard based on this, and then came to There are eight or nine harmonies in the back and forth."

Volume 15 of "Tang Yin Shen Ti": "The most important one is the Yuefu song line, which ranks first, followed by the long rhyme poems, and the seven-character and four-rhyme poems. Secondly.

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"Old Tang Book·Bai Juyi Biography" says: "Yuan's policies and Bai's memorials are the most profound articles in the book, and they can eliminate the root causes of chaos. ”

Wang Ruoxu’s "Hunan Poetry": "The emotion reaches the end of the song and enters the liver and spleen." "

Chen Yinke's "Yuanbai Poetry Notes and Notes": "With his unparalleled talent, he expresses the joys and sorrows of life and death between men and women. His sadness and lingering are not only rare in Tang poetry but also have an impact on the world. Later literary scholars were especially great. "

Chen Yinlao pointed out more clearly in the appendix "Reading " in Chapter 4 "Erotic Poems and Mourning Poems" of "Yuanbai Poetry Notes": "Yingying Biography gt;" " is Wei Zhi's self-narrative work, and the so-called Zhang Sheng is Wei Zhi's pseudonym. This is undoubtedly suspicious.

Lu Xun said in the ninth chapter of "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" "The Legend of the Tang Dynasty": "The Biography of Yingying narrates the story of Cui and Zhang. Yuan Zhen uses Zhang Sheng to live in his own home and describe the situation he experienced personally. "Historical Records

"Old Book of Tang·Biography 116"

"New Book of Tang·Biography 99" Anecdotes about "Yuan Bai" Mo Shuijiao

Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen were equally famous poets of the Tang Dynasty. Their theoretical viewpoints on poetry were similar, and they both advocated New Yuefu, forming a sworn friendship. The world calls them both "Yuan Bai". ". There were often poems sung between the two people. Even if they were in different places, they often exchanged letters and invented the "poetry transmission through mailbox". Once, when Yuan Zhen was on an envoy to Dongchuan, Bai Juyi and his friend Li Jian visited Ci'en Temple together. , I missed Yuan Zhen during the dinner, so I wrote "Drunk Recalling Yuan Jiu with Li Shiyi":

"When we were drunk together, we broke through the spring sorrow, and when we were drunk, we broke off flower branches to make wine chips. Suddenly I remembered my old friend Tianji and planned to go to Liangzhou today. "

At this time, Yuan Zhen, who was in Liangzhou, was also missing Bai Juyi. He wrote a song "Liangzhou Dream" on the same night:

"Meng Jun sings the same song At the head of the river, we also visited Ci'en Courtyard. The pavilion officials asked people to line up and remove their horses, and suddenly they were in Guliangzhou. ”

Later, both of them were demoted one after another and were assigned to serve as officials in other places. So they kept in touch frequently, encouraged and comforted each other. As Bai Juyi said, the two had an extremely deep friendship throughout their lives. "Literary friends and poetic enemies". Bai Juyi wrote in a poem: "The poems you write about me fill the walls of the temple, and my poems about you fill the screen. I don't know where I will meet you, in the sea of ??two leaves of duckweed." ”

Bai Juyi commented on Yuan Zhen that “the only thing he got was Yuanjun, who knew how to deal with difficulties”, and said that their friendship was “a friend of the same heart, and a third love.” A pommel horse ride under the flowers, a cup of wine in the snow. Hengmen greets each other without any belt or crown. Sleeping with the spring breeze high and watching the autumn moon late at night. They are not admitted to the same examination, nor are they appointed to the same office. The combination is in a square inch, and the source of the heart is not heresy. " Yuan Zhen's concern for Bai Juyi was condensed into the eternal famous article "Wen Le Tian Granted Jiangzhou Sima". Yuan Zhen and Yingying

Yuan Zhen's first wife was Wei Cong, and before marrying Wei Cong, He had an affair with a woman, who was Yingying. Yuan Zhen's "Yingying Biography" (also known as "Huizhen Ji") wrote more about Yingying. The blueprint for "The Romance of the West Chamber" written by Wang Shifu

In the fifteenth year of Tang Zhenyuan (799), Yuan Zhen went to Puzhou (today's Yongji City, Shanxi Province) to work as a minor official, and his maternal cousin was named "Shuang". "Wen" (that is, Cui Yingying in the later legendary novel "Yingying Biography") fell in love. Cui Yingying was both talented and beautiful, and her family was rich, but she had no power after all, which was far from Yuan Zhen's ideal marriage. According to the Tang Dynasty According to the system of promotion of officials, those who passed the civil service examination were required to be formally appointed to official positions, so Yuan Zhen went to Beijing to take the examination again in the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800). Since Yuan Zhen went to Beijing to take the examination, he has distinguished himself by his literary talent. As a result, he was appreciated by Wei Xiaqing, the new Jingzhao Yin, and he made friends with Weimen's children. He learned that Wei Xiaqing's daughter Wei Cong was not betrothed to anyone yet, so he realized that this was an excellent opportunity to follow the social network and climb high. In 803, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi were admitted to the Secretariat Department and served as school secretary. Yuan Zhen, who was eager to seek an official position, considered that although Cui Yingying was talented and beautiful, it would not be of much help to his career advancement. So after weighing the pros and cons, she finally abandoned Yingying and married Wei Cong.

Perhaps he was condemned by his conscience, or perhaps he could not forget his first love Cui Yingying, so many years later, Yuan Zhen used his first love as the prototype to create the legendary novel "Yingying Biography", which later became The predecessor of "The Romance of the West Chamber".

In "The Biography of Yingying", Yuan Zhen wrote at the beginning: "In the Zhenyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, there was Zhang Sheng, who was gentle in nature and beautiful in appearance." When Zhang Sheng was traveling in Pu, he was rioted and looted by soldiers. Cousin Cui, who protected his widowed mother and weak daughter, got to know his cousin Cui Yingying. Zhang Sheng was immediately in love with Cui Yingying's beauty with "her maid hanging on her maid, her face flushed" and her "bright and moving colors". Later, with the help of Yingying's maid matchmaker, Zhang Sheng and Yingying had a private meeting in the west chamber, and they became Yunyu. From then on, Yingying "went out in the morning and came out in the evening" and had a private meeting with Zhang Sheng. Zhang Sheng in "The Story of Yingying" is actually the story of Yuan Zhen himself and Cui Yingying. Zhang Sheng lives for Yuan Zhen.

Mr. Lu Xun said in "A Brief History of Chinese Novels": "Yuan Zhen used Zhang Sheng to live by himself and describe the situation he experienced personally." Yuan Zhen also wrote "Take a few flowers to look back lazily, half practicing Taoism and half "Yuanjun" means that he has no attachment to other women. Apart from "jun", there is no other woman who can make him passionate. Yuan Zhen and Wei Cong's half-destined relationship with his wife Wei Cong is deeply talked about. Yuan Zhen once left a saying that has been passed down through the ages: "It used to be difficult to make water, but Wushan is not a cloud." This is Yuan Zhen's memory of his deceased wife Wei Cong. Made.

In the 18th year of Zhenyuan (802) of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, Wei Congxia, the twenty-year-old daughter of Prince Shaobao Wei Xiaqing, married the 24-year-old poet Yuan Zhen. This marriage had a great political component. Yuan Zhen, who was 24 years old at the time, failed in the imperial examination. However, Wei Xiaqing admired Yuan Zhen's talent and believed that he had a bright future, so he betrothed his youngest daughter to him, and Yuan Zhen borrowed money from him. This marriage gave them a chance to move up the ladder, but after the marriage, the two were very loving and had a very good relationship. Given Wei Cong's family background, marrying Yuan Zhen was like a goddess descending to earth for Yuan Zhen at that time. Not only was she virtuous and dignified, and she was proficient in poetry, but more importantly, she was born into a wealthy family, but she did not like wealth and did not admire vanity. Judging from the few poems Yuan Zhen left from that period, it was at that time when he was unsuccessful and lived a life of poverty. Living in poverty, Wei Cong came to this poor home from a wealthy family, but he had no regrets, tried his best to care for and be considerate of his husband, and took the poverty of life indifferently. Yuan Zhen originally thought that this was just a way to get promoted politically, but he did not expect that Wei Cong was such a gentle woman and considerate wife. As the old saying goes, Baiwuyi is a scholar. After marriage, Yuan Zhen was busy with scientific examinations, and Wei Cong took care of all the housework at home. Before marriage, she was the daughter of a wealthy family and the youngest daughter loved by her father. Wei Cong was a virtuous and kind woman. It is conceivable that, a few years later, Yuan Zhen could not help but think of his wife Wei Cong with whom he spent his poor years.

In the fourth year of Yuanhe (809), the fourth year of Emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty, Wei Cong died of illness at the age of only 27. At this time, the thirty-one-year-old Yuan Zhen had been promoted to the position of censor, and his happy life was about to begin. However, his beloved wife passed away in the west, and the poet was extremely sad. When Wei Cong was buried, Yuan Zhen was unable to go there in person because he was supervising the affairs of Dongtai, the censor's division, so he wrote a heartfelt memorial in advance and asked someone to read it in front of Wei Congling. But even so, on the day of the burial, Yuan Zhen still couldn't help himself, so he wrote three more mourning poems, which are the most famous "Three Poems for Sorrows and Sorrows" (i.e., "Three Poems for Sorrows and Sorrows"). Yuan Zhen has always had a deep longing for his wife and an unbearable sadness. Wei Cong suffered with him for seven years, but left him when he was about to become a successful man. All Yuan Zhen can do is pay homage to his beloved wife who passed away, and pay tribute to his beloved wife. Write your thoughts in the poem. "I sincerely know that everyone has this kind of hatred, and poor and lowly couples have everything to suffer from." Poor couples are always like this. Although they love each other, they cannot make their beloved live a happier life because of the poor material conditions. Wei Cong because of several sets of lingering feelings The love between the talented woman Xue Tao and the famous poet Yuan Zhen in the Tang Dynasty is one of the most famous love affairs in the literary and artistic circles of the mid-Tang Dynasty. A love ends without a problem, but precisely because it has no result, it has more "aftertaste".

Xue Tao was a famous female poet in the Tang Dynasty. The "Xue Tao Notes" she produced have been passed down to this day. She is talented and beautiful, not only intelligent and poetic, but also politically savvy. Although he is a musician, his heart is higher than the sky, and he despises corrupt officials and high-ranking officials. In March of the fourth year of Yuanhe in the Tang Dynasty (809), the poet Yuan Zhen, who was in his prime at that time, was ordered to go on a mission to the local area as a supervisory censor. He had heard the name of Xue Tao, a poet in Shu for a long time, so after arriving in Shu, he specially asked her to meet in Zizhou. As soon as he met Yuan Zhen, Xue Tao was attracted by the handsome appearance and outstanding talent of this young poet who was only 31 years old. The two discussed poetry and politics, and their friendship gradually deepened. With Xue Tao's support, Yuan Zhen participated in the impeachment of Yan Li, the rich and unkind envoy of Dongchuan Jiedushi. This offended the powerful and transferred him from Sichuan to Luoyang. From then on, the two separated and separated forever.

The separation is inevitable, and Xue Tao is very helpless. To her relief, she soon received a letter from Yuan Zhen, which also expressed deep feelings. Lao Yan separated, and their love was far apart. At this time, the only thing that could express her love for her was a poem. Xue Tao became obsessed with writing poems on letterheads. She likes to write four-character quatrains, and often only writes eight lines of rhymed poetry, so she often feels that the paper she usually writes poems on is too large. So she modified the local papermaking process, dyed the paper pink, and cut it into exquisite and narrow paper, which was especially suitable for writing love letters. It was known as Xue Tao paper. The talented man was sentimental and carefree, but Xue Tao still missed him unforgettable. She thought about it day and night, full of resentment and longing, which converged into the famous poem "Spring Hope" that has been passed down through the ages.

Due to the huge age gap between the two, the thirty-one-year-old Yuan Zhen was in his prime years as a man, while Xue Tao, even though he was charming and charming, was still eleven years older. What's more important is that Xue Tao's family background is equivalent to that of a promiscuous woman. She has only a negative effect on Yuan Zhen's career and has no positive energy. Xue Tao can also understand these things and has no regrets. He is very calm and does not have the behavior of ordinary young girls who seek life and death as soon as they fall out of love. So Xue Tao took off her favorite red dress and put on a gray Taoist robe. Her life went from fierce to indifferent. Huanhua Creek was still noisy with cars and horses, and people came and went, but her heart persisted. A piece of pure land. Commemoration for future generations

Yuanzhen Memorial Hall

Yuanzhen Memorial Hall is located halfway up Fenghuang Mountain, facing Dacheng and backed by mountains. The main building of the memorial hall is a two-story imitation Tang Dynasty style, with a 2,000-square-meter square, bluestone staircases, and relief guardrails. The entire memorial hall is simple and grand, which is refreshing.

When entering the Yuan Zhen Memorial Hall, the first thing that comes into view is the statue of Yuan Zhen and the long narrative poem "Lianchang Palace Ci" written by Yuan Zhen when he was demoted to Dazhou. The main exhibition area of ??the memorial hall - Yuan Zhen's legacy is divided into four exhibition areas: Yuan Zhen's biography, Yuan Zhen's literary achievements, Yuan Zhen and Tongzhou, and his influence and inheritance.