Appreciation of Du Mu's "Jiang Nanchun Jueju"

The first sentence is "thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red". At the beginning of the poem, the poet opened his eyes and imagined the whole land of Jiangnan from the spring scenery in front of him. Thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, singing and dancing everywhere, pink and green, a scene full of spring. In writing, the poet first used the technique of contrast, matching "red flowers" with "green leaves" and using the word "ying" to highlight the colorful scene of "spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River" from a perspective.

At the same time, the poet also showed the lively scene of singing and dancing in Jiangnan in spring from the perspective of sound and hearing. The "a thousand miles" in the poem is wonderful and weighty, which not only expands the aesthetic realm of the poem in space, but also lays the foundation for the later description.

The second sentence is "Mountain Guo Wine Flag Wind". "Mountain Country" Mountain City. Refers to a city built at the foot of a mountain. "Wine flag" refers to the cover hanging outside the ancient hotel. The meaning of this sentence is that in the village near the water and on the battlements near the mountains, there are wine flags fluttering in the wind everywhere. Here, the poet uses Li Jin's rhetoric to describe the objects that come into view-water towns, mangoes and wine flags.

From large to small, these images not only show a certain spatial position, but also highlight the unique architectural characteristics of Jiangnan, where the "village" and "country" are surrounded by mountains and rivers. In particular, the word "wind" not only adds to the movement of poetry, but also highlights the "wine flag" better, thus adding to the cultural connotation and humanistic atmosphere of poetry.

The third sentence, "480 halls in the Southern Dynasties", refers to the four dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen after the Eastern Jin Dynasty and before the Sui Dynasty, all of which were based in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), which was called the Southern Dynasties in history. "Four hundred and eighty temples" describes many Buddhist temples. Because Buddhism was very popular in the Southern Dynasties, many temples were built. This means that the Southern Dynasties left more than 480 ancient temples.

Here, the poet focuses on the "temple" around the "water town, mountain fruit and wine flag style", broadens the imagination space, and traces his thinking back to the "Southern Dynasties", thus enhancing the historical and cultural connotation of poetry and the aesthetic realm of poetry. At the same time, the poet refers to Buddhism with "temple" and modifies it with imaginary number "480".

It not only makes the poem full of images, but also takes care of the "thousands of miles" of the first sentence. More importantly, it shows the prevalence of Buddhism in the Southern Dynasties and lays the foundation for the lyricism of the following sentences.

The fourth sentence is "How many towers are misty and rainy". "misty rain" is a drizzle. Countless towers are shrouded in wind, smoke and rain. Here the poet did not use "temple", but changed it to "balcony", not only to avoid repetition of words, but also to adapt to such an environment as "misty rain".

Here, through the combination of reality and reality, the poet is faced with a history, and his heart is full of emotions-history is always developing and changing, and the replacement of dynasties is inevitable. Here, the poet appreciates the natural beauty of Jiangnan spring from an aesthetic point of view; The poet realized the aesthetic significance of history and culture through deep thinking and crossing time and space.

Jiangnanchun quatrain is a seven-character quatrain written by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.

Original text:

Jiangnanchun

Tang Dynasty: Du Mu

Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills.

More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.

Translation:

The vast spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is picturesque, and the green leaves in Yanwu, Ying Ge set off bright red flowers.

The flag of Shuicunshan fruit wine flutters in the spring breeze. How many Buddhist temples were shrouded in misty rain in the Southern Dynasties?

Extended data:

Creation background

In the spring of the seventh year of Daiwa in Tang Wenzong (833), Du Mu wrote this poem on his way from Xuanzhou to Yangzhou to visit Huainan.

Du Mu lived in the late Tang Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty, as a government, was on the verge of collapse. The separatist regime, the eunuch's authoritarian power and the struggle between the Niu and Li parties eroded the giant's body bit by bit. On the other hand, after Xian Zong came to power, he was fascinated by his achievements in Pinghuaixi and other places and started the dream of eternal life in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was so worried about Buddhism that Han Yu went to the platform of remonstrating Buddha's bones and almost lost his life.

After Xianzong was killed by eunuchs, Mu Zong, Jing Zong, Wenzong and others preached Buddhism as usual, the number of monks and nuns kept rising, and the temple economy kept developing, which greatly weakened the strength of the government and increased the burden on the country.

When Du Mu came to Jiangnan this year, he couldn't help thinking of the piety of the Southern Dynasties, especially the piety of the Liang Dynasty, which eventually ended in nothing. He does not seek immortality, but he harms the country and the people. It is not only a tribute and nostalgia for history, but also a gentle exhortation to the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. Later, Wu Zong made peace and destroyed Buddha, which eased the contradiction to some extent.

The author introduces:

Du Mu (803- 852) was born in Fanchuan, Mu Zhi, Han nationality, Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi). Du Mu was an outstanding poet and essayist in Tang Dynasty, the grandson of Du You, the prime minister, and the son of Du You. Tang Wenzong Daiwa was a 26-year-old scholar in the second year and was awarded the post of Hong Wen Pavilion.

After that, I went to Jiangxi to observe the embassy, turned to Huainan to observe the embassy, and then re-entered the embassy. Edited by the National History Museum, he was appointed as Food Department, Bibi Department and Si Xun, and was appointed as the secretariat of Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu. Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".

Du Mu's poems are famous for their seven-character quatrains, and the main content is to chant history and express emotion. His poems are handsome and natural, and cut into secular things. He achieved great success in the late Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish it from Du Fu and "Da Du". Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin.