Concept of public space design _ What is public space design?

Public space design can improve people's living needs and improve people's comfort in space. So, what is public space design? The following is the introduction of public space design that I have compiled for you, hoping to help you.

Overview of public space design * * * The design of public space is not only the purpose and result, nor is it a sign to cater to a few people, but a process in which the public participates in and constantly shows their life changes. New design is not only a new style or new form, but also the creation of new content and new lifestyle.

Physical definition of space can be clearly divided into occupied space and unoccupied space. People's occupation of space is defined by materialized signs, such as piled stones and marked boundary markers. Of course, the most effective thing is to build structures or simply build houses to consolidate the occupation of space. This physical definition is based on tangible and clear definitions, such as numbers and objects. Under quite normal circumstances, the rational use and division of space is often a necessary means to distinguish public space from private space. Of course, public space bears a special responsibility for understanding and serving the public interest. What we are pursuing is how to adapt it to people's various needs, not to adapt the public to various environments. Public space and private space are an organic whole to a great extent, so this problem is an eternal theme for us to study environmental art design or become a designer!

Generally speaking, the concepts and methods of urban public space design, from the planning of buildings or projects to the design, implementation and final completion of buildings, as well as the use and management of these facilities in the later period, are all related to designers and experts. There is also education for groups and education for users.

It is obvious to all that Italy has done the best in protecting buildings. At first, these ideas came not from architects or government departments, but from the public. The bottom-up movement initiated by the public prompted the government to adopt such an attitude. We see that the face of our city has been continued and the culture has been developed.

My topic today is that I can't find a suitable topic when I am doing doctoral research. If we only study a building, how can we study a building? So we are very confused. But there is a lot of discussion about what our society should do. At this time, I found that ourselves, our architects and experts, our customers are our Party A, and the citizens and the public who use it. There are contradictions between them, such as demand, supply and creation. How to solve this contradiction is the starting point of my lecture. There is a publicity problem in this process.

Put some pictures first. This is a square, a private institution that provides free communication for the public here.

This is a random shot of a shopping mall on the street. What role does this art and sculpture play in the street?

At the same time, some folk artists put him in the building of the square for people to watch, which is also a trend. Some buildings have this kind of sculpture.

Looking indoors again, in a large glass space, I began to gradually realize this marking system. Indicate what exhibitions there are today, the schedule and so on. Relatively speaking, it is fresher in a relatively boring room. Put outer space in a lower place indoors.

This is in the subway aisle. Is this wall big? Gray? On the wall, there are many dirty words or small advertisements written on it. Someone spontaneously made this kind of thing with metal on it. This is a completely spontaneous behavior.

This is a real person in the corner of the subway entrance.

Some foreign private companies will exhibit some works. This is China's work of art, and everyone can see it here. This is a reflection of the United States during World War II. This kind of sculpture is very expensive to buy.

There will be such sculptures on both sides of some large buildings and streets, which can't be said to be very good, but it enriches the space.

This is a ventilation tank. Without this thing next to it, it will be monotonous.

This is a metal component, mainly to enrich it, including the treatment of the entrance, making some regularity and doing some sculpture techniques. There is something like titanium alloy around here.

This is a small stream, which flows in summer, giving people the feeling that it is still worth seeing.

So the above is just a casual look. Whether it is correct or not, there is still such an idea. But on the other hand, this idea is right or wrong. Subjectively, we believe that users should be satisfied and appreciated. Actually, isn't it? Is there a difference in it? What do real citizens need?

With the development of social economy, the public's requirements for living environment and public art quality are getting higher and higher. Let's reflect on our previous time. We built a house in which everyone can live. But now many houses have landscapes with better quality, which is directly related to the selling price.

In this way, our government and developed structures have made a lot of sculptures and so on. Will everyone's evaluation be high after finishing? We often hear a saying that many sculptures will soon lose their heads and arms. Why are these things like this? Are there any specific questions? Both sides have their own opinions, and artists and architects think that the public can't understand the perfect idea. The public will say that you have distorted our needs. This has caused the present situation.

Only by solving this situation can we move forward, our design be more in line with the public, and be recognized by the public, not by academics. Reflection, what is publicity. There is a propaganda problem here. In the sense of propaganda, our goal is our pursuit. Everyone has different pursuits. I hope my house is 180 square meters, and I hope there is a garden or something. In this case, the public can't adjust. Therefore, publicity is not the will of individuals, but a kind of publicity formed by adjustment between individuals. This publicity is based on the individual, and there is a process of returning to the individual cycle.

In other words, the demand of the public is that there will be a gradual process with the improvement of the overall level. At the same time, administratively, our country has many administrative means to adjust, including macro-control and economic practices, all from top to bottom. Then the government is not the only way to solve the problem, and organizations or associations formed between individuals can often properly solve public problems.

Then there is another concept here. The concept of public art has been widely put forward. This concept is actually difficult to define. So far, there is no exact understanding, which can be determined from at least four aspects.

First, in public places, the public can freely intervene and participate.

Second, works of art, or forms, have the will and interest of the public.

Third, the selection, display mode and operation mechanism reflect publicity.

Fourth, social resources enjoyed by the public rather than individuals.

The universality of the specific category of public art involves the visual category. Plastic arts, performances and dances can all be regarded as public art, and at the same time, the concept of public is also inclusive. Everyone can participate freely.

There are several aspects about how to think about public art.

First, the realization process and definition of public art is a way worth learning.

Second, question the so-called from different levels? Male * * *? * * * Art will become a way for the public to express themselves.

Third, how to study the development process of public art. Formulating and composing strategies and policies.

Public environmental art also has materialization and locality.

First of all, these include the building itself, street space, shops and public service facilities. Public sculptures and so on are made up of * * *, and the relationship between them is reflected in public places.

Second, the environmental art of Gonggong belongs to ordinary citizens, not to artists.

Third, it has social functions and must adapt to the environment and social needs.

Fourth, art belongs to the city and exists with the city.

Fifth, public art is an art form, and changing the environment through artistic improvement is its most basic principle.

Just now I talked about three parties, one is the public, the other is the public environmental art works, as well as designers and experts. What is the relationship between them? There is a circular relationship among them.

Public needs are not individuals, but * * * knowledge and * * * nature formed between people. Through experts and architects' understanding of the needs of the public, through creation into a work, this work needs to be used by the public, which is such a circular process. In this cycle, experts and architects are very important, and we have played a driving role here.

So, does this public demand really exist? This is a table about the relationship between the consumption of spare time, the investment and expenditure of the environment needed in spare time, taking Japan as an example. We can see the correlation in the image. Japan's economy took off from 65438 to 0973 and developed into a bubble economy from 65438 to 0989. 10 Japan's economic recession, 1999 fell to a trough, and there was a slow growth in 2003. This is a process. This process has brought about changes in national income and high unemployment rate. Then on this picture, the general necessities of life are slightly related to economic development.

Then, with the economic growth, the demand for the environment and the expenditure on life in spare time have gradually increased to the peak. After that, with the economic changes, there was no sharp decline, but a gentle state. From here, I can see that my demand is moving towards the second state, rising gradually, and the consumer demand of the public is getting higher and higher.

With the improvement of social affluence, working hours will be shortened, spare time will be expanded, and the requirements for daily life and neighborhood relations will be improved. Therefore, it is very important to meet the demand for public space in the surrounding areas as much as possible.

From open space to bus space, what kind of example is public space? Let's look at the economic development. By the early 1970s, effective examples were 1 1. With the gradual improvement of economic development, by 2002, the economy was gradually declining after being cut. The economic recession means that some of our investments in the public sector have changed. On the contrary, the demand for quality is very high.

Let's take a concrete look at the direct relationship between the behavior of these places and our lives. Settings for general behaviors, such as walking and activities. Psychological needs such as quietness and rest. Relationships with others, such as meeting and communicating. There is also the performance consciousness of place consciousness, such as shopping plaza, which is functional. Whether the state of the venue is lively or a theme party.

These years, let's take a look. The 1970s was mainly about the setting of users' behaviors, the relationship between users and others, and the understanding of places. In the 1980s, psychological needs began gradually, and so did the local state. The 1990s were a combination of multiple functions. Pay more attention to the setting of behavior in leisure time.

I want to look at this change through two cases. One is that we directly set it clearly and unilaterally. The second is to realize the problems existing in this unilateral setting, and the demands of the masses require combination to complete such a design work.

This is government land, and in this position, it is cultural facilities such as theaters. In front of this is a bustling avenue, here is a famous department store, and there are many office buildings behind it. With such a piece of land, how to develop it. It must serve the public. Some experts have suggested that there should be a place for public meetings first, and then there should be a bus stop. At the same time, the profitability should be considered in combination with the entrance and exit of the subway. The entrusting party is a design company in Dalian. They have done careful design work, but also to reflect the needs.

This is the situation around the building, this is the entrance, this is the comprehensive cultural center, this is the location of big companies, and this is the commercial building. This is the passage. Go to the top and you can enter the cultural center. This is a big scene. (Picture) This is an oval opening. It is supported by four large steel columns. The observation deck above it is a very large structure. From this position, you can enter the bus stop. This is the square on the lower floor, and some public parties are usually held. The lower circle is full of shops, and there are some rest seats.

This is the design of many small parts or small parts, such as seats, tables, elevators and so on. After this work came out, it was highly praised by him, and the designer was very satisfied and achieved success. At first glance, this work feels very good. Because it is close to it, I have been there many times, and I have seen it at noon and night in the morning. At the same time, it was built in autumn and I went to see it in summer. This waterscape is quite attractive.

At that time, I made a survey in this regard. It took a year to make a survey of everyone's position, what he was doing and what it had to do with the environment. This survey, according to the main line of people flow, people flow is basically like this. After coming in from the exit, it is divided into two parts, one of which comes from this side to carry out the above construction. The second is to go this way or that building. In this way, this place has become an aisle, which is the first intuitive view. As the second users, children and teenagers account for the majority, and children are more likely to enter the cultural center. Young people are basically crossing nature. The principle of making this building was to provide a place where everyone could communicate. Judging from this situation, it is not quite the same as the original idea.

As a lower level, it is a link, mainly interested in shops. There is a very interesting thing, that is to say, few people cross the blue land in the middle, and they basically walk around. If you are interested, you can go to the square. If the square is paved with guidance, people will follow the guidance and will not be scattered. This environment is sensitive to people.

It can be seen that basically 80% of the production and consumption are concentrated in a short time. Then this place will lose its significance as a communication place and become a dating place with only a little function. Among the 80% people who spend a short time, almost all of them stay by the armrest, not the seats we set. That is to say, it is mainly based on these two active lines. Is this our designer's deviation in design?

The dynamic demand and environmental factors he needs and the static demand and environmental factors he needs. Just now I saw the requirement of mobility, in terms of convenient transportation. Quiet requirements need to stay away from the macro, comfort needs to be from the micro, and there are visual effects.

We came to the conclusion that the work just designed. Academically, or from the designer's point of view, the use of such a landmark building is in contrast. This contrast is that we ignore the possibility of environmental needs of people around us. The work itself is a nearly perfect building, but such deviation appears in use, which leads to the decrease of its efficiency.

Since such a problem has arisen, the demand of the public and the cycle among architects, artists, designers and works have not reached a complete cycle. Can you review the principles, methods and principles of our design? This place has an example. In other words, it is an attempt whether the coordination among the three can make a good building from the perspective of public demand.

It is necessary for residents to organize and actively participate in the design of public facilities and environment. The importance of architect's guidance and coordination is reflected there, and how to do this workflow well. A small city in Japan has become such a cultural center, adopting a bottom-up process.

First, look at this place. There is a floor underground. This is a small building on the first floor with a building area of more than 8,000 square meters. This place is under the jurisdiction of the government. The whole design took 10 years to complete. Look at the site, it's an L-shaped building, leaving a lot of space, a rectangular area, and a gentle slope lawn. This is the scene from the side door. This is a glass curtain wall with copper plates on it. This is the passage, and this side is pottery fragments.

Here is an information station, which contains some information and can surf the Internet. There is a theater here, and this is the entrance to the theater. This is the interest group on the second floor. Children and adults can come. This is a place where women bring their children to exchange parenting experiences and carry out some activities. This is a small reading space.

The building itself is still a good building, so what kind of organizational structure does it adopt? Later, I did an investigation. Generally speaking, the mayor, the government and the parliament allocate funds to coordinate, and then budget, where does the money come from? Then entrust a designer to design or bid. Then it is exchanged to the government management department and operated by the government management department. This is a basic development process.

But the process of this building is completely opposite. First, interest groups composed of citizens are spontaneously organized by the masses, such as art and dance. They spontaneously discussed what kind of buildings they needed and asked for hundreds, such as hot springs and so on. 1994 to 1998. On this basis, the person in charge of the building proposed that we should design a central cultural facility. Some are responsible for building houses, while others are responsible for operation. Some university professors were hired to participate in this activity, and the clues were gradually sorted out. When they had clues, they gradually reported them to the municipal government. Members think this can be done, and the government coordination agency has set up a construction Committee to discuss this matter. At this time, no architect has really undertaken architectural design.

This is the workflow of that year, from the discussion in 1997 to the current plan. Finally, it was implemented in 1999 and 65438+ in February, and famous designers were hired. After the design scheme came out, it began to return to the public and the public began to discuss it. At the end of the discussion, the implementation plan was finally formed.

Then, after this process is completed, several points are put forward. After the building was completed, the masses responded well. The studios and workshops inside are full without reservation, whether it is a rest or not, including the use of the outdoor square. During the discussion, the citizens put forward ways to reduce the construction cost, including building materials.

Just now, I took a general look at this department. This veneer was taken by the masses themselves and put up. Finally, the management of this facility falls into the hands of the citizens themselves, who run it themselves and even ask how much the fare is. Who can use it, and the cost. Its operating cost is 40% lower than that designed by the government.

To sum up, the public is the main user. This is a successful example, and the public fully participated in the design process. Through the dialogue among the three, the opinions and needs of the citizens are taken seriously in the design scheme and recognized by each other. What are the citizens most concerned about? Whether the environment is good or not, what materials it is, whether there is furniture to use, and so on. It will save more money than the government thinks, which is an important reference in our design process.

Through the same planning, individuals themselves are scattered and need a process of understanding the environment, art and design. Through communication with citizens, we can modify our ideas. For example, the scope of space, the creation of space, the form of architecture, the structure of architecture, and site selection. For example, if I do local architecture, we may know more about the local climate and human environment. But if we do it in the field, when we can't communicate, it can just fill our gap in this area and provide us with some design reference schemes. They may say that they are more imaginative.

This process is not achieved overnight. The level and stage of understanding are gradually improved. Getting to know your design and feeling your good and bad is such a process. This way of communication can be used in existing life. So let's not rush into this process.

The art of public environment, if individuals simply understand the works of art as public art in public places, this understanding is unrealistic.

What are the design points of hotel public space? 1. Service rooms should be set up on the conference floor, and public coffee breaks should be set up in front of some conference rooms.

2. The administrative office area of the hotel should be located in the public area of the hotel, mainly including the general manager's office, sales department, catering director, finance department, reception room and other departments. The administrative office area in the general public area of a four-star hotel is 200-300 square meters.

3. The shape of the pool surface can be free, but it must be guaranteed to be 25? In the 4m straight area, the length of the straight should not be less than 20m. Try to avoid the columns in the pool area.

4. Don't directly lean against the wall at both ends of the long side of the swimming pool, and there should be pool space for ashore rest. There should be a rest area and beverage service facilities next to the swimming pool.

5. There should be a foot washing disinfection pool on the passage leading to the swimming pool in the dressing room.

6. The public * * * area should provide direct access to the swimming pool or observation window.