Shuangyang deer industry in the hometown of sika deer

In 1995, Shuangyang District was named "the hometown of sika deer in China" by the organizing committee of the first batch of 1 specialty towns in China. Shuangyang District is located in the middle of Jilin Province and the southeast of Changchun City, covering an area of 1,677.42 square kilometers, accounting for 46.8% of the total area of Changchun City. There are 4 sub-district offices, 3 towns and 1 township under the jurisdiction of the whole region, with a total population of 377,, accounting for 13.7% of the total population in Changchun. Shuangyang is 37 kilometers away from the downtown area of Changchun, and is located in the half-hour economic circle of Changchun, which is a very important strategic functional area in the spatial pattern of urban planning in Changchun. The traffic environment in the area is very convenient. Changqing and Shuangjiang highways connect with the main urban area of Changchun, Longshuang Highway connects with Longjia Airport, Changshuangyan Railway runs through the north and south of Shuangyang, connecting Shenji and beijing-harbin railway, and the urban expressway and urban light rail from Changchun to Shuangyang are about to start construction, initially building a convenient and fast road traffic network that radiates across the whole area.

There are many kinds of mineral resources in Shuangyang District. Up to now, 34 kinds of mineral resources have been discovered, and 19 kinds of minerals are of mining value. Among them, limestone, oil and gas, coal, mineral water, bentonite and other resources have large reserves, high quality and very broad prospects for exploitation and utilization. Limestone reserves reach 3 billion tons, and its reserves and quality rank among the top in Northeast China. The total coal reserves are 89 million tons, accounting for 64% of the total coal reserves in Changchun. The distribution area of oil and natural gas is 47 square kilometers, with proven oil reserves of 8 million tons and natural gas reserves of 2.4 billion cubic meters. The mineral water reserves in the whole region are more than 1 million cubic meters, and the exploitable amount is more than 78 million cubic meters. Bentonite reserves reach 3.8 million tons, which is of great development value.

Shuangyang District is a national ecological demonstration area with dense water network, beautiful mountains and rivers, fresh air and elegant environment. The forest coverage rate in the whole region reached 24.7%; There are 17 small and medium-sized rivers and 41 small and medium-sized reservoirs and lakes in the territory; The urban green coverage rate reaches 41.5%, and the per capita green area is 11.5 square meters. The air quality in the whole region is kept at the national first-class standard all the year round, and it has the reputation of "natural oxygen bar". Shuangyang is endowed with unique tourism resources. There are the first peak in Changchun and the karst landscape with the highest altitude, the largest drop and the widest area in the northeast, and the rare ice waterfall in the world. The development space of modern service industries such as eco-tourism, leisure and recreation is very broad.

Shuangyang District has an excellent investment environment, and has two provincial development zones, namely Shuangyang Economic Development Zone and Changchun Cultural Printing Industry Development Zone. In order to promote the rapid economic development of Shuangyang, the provincial and municipal governments have issued a "41+1" preferential policy, which has enabled Shuangyang to enjoy the special treatment of "the county benefits from the county and the district benefits from the district" at the provincial and municipal levels, and has opened up a "green channel" for striving for policies and project construction. With the in-depth implementation of Changchun-Jilin-Tumen strategy, Shuangyang, as the sub-center of Changchun and an important node of Changchun-Jilin integration in the future, its strategic position and development advantages will be more important and prominent. Shuangyang has a long history of raising deer, more than 3 years ago. As early as 1725, during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, wild sika deer were captured in Pangutun, Luxiang Town, Shuangyang District, and fenced up and domesticated artificially. ("Pangutun" is full of pronunciation, which translates into Chinese as "the place where deer are raised")

The development of deer farming in Shuangyang can be roughly divided into four stages:

Self-divergent breeding stage (1725-1949). This stage was from the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty to before liberation, and the breeding form was raised by a small number of families. According to historical records, there were only 37 deer in Shuangyang in 1927, and it reached 4-5 before the founding of the People's Republic of China. It was also during this period that people gradually realized the medicinal efficacy of velvet antler and became one of the three treasures in Northeast China.

large-scale farming stage (1949-1978). In 1949, Shuangyang County built the first state-run deer farm in Chenjiatun, Changling, which marked the development of sika deer breeding from free-range to large-scale breeding. At the end of the same year, there were 556 sika deer in the county. In 1958, two high-quality velvet antler from the state-owned deer farm in Shuangyang County were selected for exhibition in Beijing Agricultural Exhibition Hall. In 1959, the State-owned Second Deer Farm was established. In 1962, the State-owned No.3 Sanlu Farm was established, and there were 2,717 sika deer in the county. After 1969, Lu Xu built the State-run Fourth Deer Farm and the State-run Fifth Deer Farm. By the third plenary session of the Eleventh Central Committee in 1978, five state-run deer farms had been built in the whole region, and the total number and quality of deer stocks had been greatly improved.

planned and market coexisted breeding stage (1978-1998). After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the household contract system was implemented in agriculture. The Shuangyang County Party Committee and the county government timely put forward the strategic policy of "relying on state-owned deer farms, taking farmers as the main body, strengthening the construction of deer breeding bases in big countries, and accelerating the enrichment of the people in Fuxian County", encouraging farmers to vigorously develop deer breeding, and the county set off a deer breeding climax, which made the individual breeding model develop rapidly and initially formed a pattern of simultaneous development of state-owned, collective and individual. In 1987, in order to protect the wild animal population in Shennongjia, Hubei Province, the state allocated 2 Shuangyang sika deer from the State-owned No.3 Sanlu Farm in the former county and put them in Shennongjia's own nature reserve for stocking. In 1988, Shuangyang County was listed as a deer raising base county in Jilin Province. In 199, Shuangyang Sika Deer Breeding and Improvement Project was included in the Spark Plan of the Eighth Five-Year Plan by the State Science and Technology Commission, and Shuangyang County was designated as the national deer breeding base by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries. In 1995, after Shuangyang county was set up, there were 5 state-owned deer farms, 38 collective deer farms and 3,6 deer farmers in the whole region. There are 43,83 sika deer in the whole region, accounting for 17.5% of the whole country and 33.75% of the whole province, with an annual output of 23,16 kg, accounting for 12.9% of the national velvet production. In April of the same year, the organizing committee named Shuangyang County as the first and only "hometown of sika deer in China" in China. In May of the same year, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the Ministry of Foreign Trade approved 11 categories of products such as Shuangyang velvet and deer products to enjoy independent import and export operation rights. In June 1996, with the approval of the State Economic and Trade Commission, Shuangyang was determined as the only national pilot unit of deer industry, trade, industry and agriculture integration. In 1998, there were 57,91 sika deer in the whole region, including 3, in state-owned deer farms, 5, in collective deer farms and 49,91 in individual farmers. The output of pilose antler in the whole region is 38,89 kg, with an output value of 12 million yuan. From 1989 to 1998, the deer population in Shuangyang, the total output of pilose antler, the yield per unit of pilose antler, the rate of high-quality products of pilose antler and the export of deer by-products ranked first in the same industry in China for 1 consecutive years.

Modern aquaculture stage (1999-present). With the deepening of the reform of state-owned enterprises, from 1999 to 2, according to the relevant policies of the state, all the deer breeding in the state-owned deer farm in Shuangyang District were sold, all the employees were bought out, the state-owned assets were transferred to the state, and all the state-owned deer farms were transformed into individual private deer farms. Since then, with the continuous growth and development of private enterprises, sika deer products have changed from raw materials and primary products processing to high value-added and profound products, forming a modern industrial development model integrating science, industry and trade. A large number of powerful enterprises, such as Jilin Changshuang Deer Industry Specialty Development Group Co., Ltd., Jilin Zun Deer Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jilin Shuangyang Deer Industry Elite Breeding Co., Ltd., Changchun Hongqiao Deer Industry Co., Ltd., Changchun Shuangyang Bowen Deer Industry Elite Breeding Co., Ltd., Changchun Shuangyang Fengding Mountain Deer Industry Co., Ltd., Jilin Heniantang Ginseng Products Co., Ltd., Jilin Pangu Sika Deer Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun Shilu Deer Industry Co., Ltd. and other modern enterprises are constantly emerging. In 23, Shuangyang District was identified by the provincial and municipal governments as the deer industry base of "Jilin Special Economic Animal Revitalization Project". In 26, Shuangyang District, as the only standardized demonstration area of China sika deer in China, successfully passed the national acceptance. In 28, the geographical indication certification trademark of "Shuangyang sika deer" was approved and registered by the Trademark Office of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, ending the history that there was no geographical indication certification trademark in Shuangyang and even Changchun. In 29, the sika deer industry in Shuangyang District was included in the strategic plan of Changji-Tumen by Jilin provincial government. In 21, Shuangyang District, together with Tianjin Binhai New Area, Henan Zhengzhou, Hunan Zhangjiajie and other 6 towns in more than 2 provinces in China, was selected as "the most overseas influential city (county, district) and town (township, village) in China in 21" by Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao. Shuangyang and Shuangyang sika deer are once again famous at home and abroad! In 211, Shuangyang District was identified by Jilin Provincial Government as one of the important "core areas" for the development of sika deer industry in the province. In the same year, it was identified as "China Sika Deer Provenance Breeding Demonstration Zone" by china wildlife conservation association. Shuangyang, Jilin, the hometown of sika deer in China, has been ranked first in all deer-raising counties (districts) in China for many years, leading and leading the development of sika deer industry in China, in terms of the number of sika deer breeding, the total output, the single output, the rate of high-quality velvet products and the amount of foreign exchange generated. The industrial development of Shuangyang sika deer has six advantages: < P > First, the scale advantage. In 24, Shuangyang District formulated and issued the only standardized document of sika deer breeding in China-Local Standards of Sika Deer Series in Jilin Province. In 26, Shuangyang District, as the only standardized demonstration area of China sika deer in China, successfully passed the national acceptance, which provided reference experience for the standardized production of sika deer in China. In 211, the number of sika deer in Shuangyang District was 195,, accounting for 3% of the national total and 5% of the total. There are nearly 1, sika deer farmers, including 4 with over 1 farmers and 8 with over 1, farmers. Over the years, Shuangyang deer stocks, total output, unit yield, high quality rate and exchange rate of velvet antler have always ranked first in all counties and cities in China.

the second is variety advantage. The scientific research project of "Shuangyang sika deer breeding" began in the 196s. In 1979, it was listed as a key scientific research project of the Ministry of Land Reclamation. After more than 2 years' unremitting efforts, in 1986, the scientific research team led by Han Kun, a senior animal husbandry officer in Shuangyang County, successfully cultivated the first fine variety of artificial breeding and stereotypes in China and even in the world, and passed the appraisal of the Ministry of Agriculture. In 1987, it was included in the national agricultural science and technology spark plan. Compared with other sika deer, Shuangyang sika deer has the characteristics of high quality and high yield of velvet antler, stable heredity, strong adaptability and high reproductive survival rate, and won the first prize of national scientific and technological progress in 199. No.19 male deer of Shuangyang Deer Breeding Co., Ltd. won the title of "Deer King" at the second China Deer Industry Conference in 211.

the third is the product advantage. There are 7 high-end deer products R&D and production enterprises with assets exceeding 1 million yuan in the whole region, covering more than 13 varieties in 6 categories. Many products such as sika deer gene nutrient solution and deer embryo essence independently developed by enterprises such as Revision Pharmaceutical, Changshuang Deer Industry, Shilu Deer Industry, Zhonghui Deer Industry and Pangu Deer Industry have independent intellectual property rights, and Jilin Biological Deer Products Co., Ltd. has obtained the GMP certification of the first deer product and health care product in China. "Zunlu" brand "Bio-mycoprotein" was successfully introduced to the market outside the province; Products of more than 1 brands such as Shilu, Changshuang, Heniantang and Pangu are exported to Korea, Singapore, Japan, Afghanistan, United Arab Emirates, Western Europe, Hong Kong and other countries and regions.

the fourth is the talent advantage. Shuangyang has a group of national, provincial and municipal researchers such as Han Kun, and the product research and development team has gathered 3,42 professionals of all kinds. Based on Changshuang Deer Industry, it has set up a scientific and technological research group on key technologies of industrialized development of high-quality sika deer. Six topics are led by 25 experts from well-known universities in Jilin University, Jilin Agricultural University, People's Liberation Army Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Jilin Specialty Research Institute and other provinces, respectively on improved seed breeding, special feed, disease diagnosis and treatment, velvet antler skin care products, health drinks and genetic resources. Among them, the scientific research achievements of sika deer breeding in Han Kun have filled the blank of the world's deer species. The marketing team has a marketing team of more than 2, licensed brokers, and has trained a number of deer products sales talents such as Song Xianzong and Chai Yujuan. The sales network has extended to the international field. The breeding service team has more than 43 deer industry medical service personnel and 38, deer industry skilled workers, all over the country.

the fifth is the market advantage. In 211, there were 187 deer products distribution enterprises in Shuangyang * * *, with an annual throughput of 1,5 tons of deer by-products. Two deer products trading centers, Luxiang Town and Shuangyang City, have been formed, with an annual output value of 92 million yuan and a profit of nearly 13 million yuan. Every year, there are nearly one million passengers in the town of Deer, and the throughput of deer by-products reaches more than 1, tons, and the throughput of fresh velvet reaches 1 tons. The price of deer products in the specialized market of Deer products in this town has always influenced the whole country and has become a "barometer" for the trend of the national deer industry market.

sixth, development advantages. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, Shuangyang District was identified by the provincial government as the deer industrial base of "Jilin Province Special Economic Animal Revitalization Project", and received financial support for the construction of 1, meat deer base projects and the provincial deer industrial park projects, as well as policy support for the subsidies for breeding female deer. The sika deer industry in Shuangyang District was once again included in the "Twelfth Five-Year" development plan of provinces and cities. In April 28, the geographical indication certification trademark of "Shuangyang Sika Deer" was officially approved and registered by the Trademark Office of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, achieving a breakthrough of zero geographical indication certification trademark for aquaculture in the province. In 29, the planning of Shuangyang deer industry was included in the Changjitu strategy by the Jilin provincial government, and in 211, Shuangyang District was identified as one of the "core areas" for the development of sika deer industry by the Jilin provincial people's government. Shuangyang sika deer is bred by the way of local type breeding, using the methods of individual phenotype selection, single male female mating, quality and kinship matching, large group closed breeding and so on, and through three stages: establishing basic group, primary selection and propagation, and selection and improvement. Shuangyang Meihua is the first fine sika deer variety in the world that has been artificially cultivated and shaped.

1. Physical appearance characteristics

After long-term captivity and years of artificial breeding, Shuangyang Sika Deer has shown many cultivation characteristics in morphological structure, physiological function, growth and development, etc. Specifically, it has a medium body shape, dark coat color, large and clear plum blossom spots, shallow topline, long head and wide forehead, wide and deep chest, and large abdominal circumference.

Second, the production performance

Shuangyang sika deer has high velvet production performance. In 1985, the average yield of sawed male deer in the former Shuangyang Sanlu farm was 15g (finished velvet), which was 1.15 times higher than that in the initial stage of breeding, 59.6% higher than that in Jilin Province and more than double that in the whole country. From 1986 to 1989, the average yield of Shangsawed male deer was 1,243 g (finished velvet), which was 18.3% higher than that of 1,5 g in 1985. More than 1% of the male deer with three saws or more produced fresh velvet (three rights) exceeding 5, g, among which the No.96 excellent breeding deer produced 15, g of fresh velvet for three consecutive years, which was the highest in the world for sika deer.

Shuangyang sika deer not only has the characteristics of high quality and high yield of velvet antler, but also ranks first in the same industry in China. It is characterized by fat branches, tender texture, perfect velvet shape, bright color, sufficient blood content and high content of effective components.

Third, the genetic performance is stable

"Shuangyang sika deer" is the result of long-term pure breeding. In the breeding process, the yield and quality of velvet antler have always been the primary selection conditions. Therefore, the genetic performance of "Shuangyang sika deer" is stable, especially the heritability of velvet weight traits.