What are the four famous pavilions in China?

Zuiweng Pavilion in Chuxian County, Anhui Province, Taoran Pavilion in Beijing Xiannongtan, Aiwan Pavilion in Changsha, Hunan Province, and Huxin Pavilion in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province are also known as the "four famous pavilions" in China.

Zuiwengting:

Ouyang Xiu is located in Langya Mountain, Chuxian County, Anhui Province. In the Northern Song Dynasty, he was demoted to Chuzhou as the magistrate and called himself "Zuiweng Pavilion".

Tao Ranting:

Xianjiatan in Beijing was built by Jiang Zao, a doctor of the Ministry of Industry in the 34th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi, and now it is Taoranting Park.

Love night pavilion:

Located on the mountainside of Yuelu Mountain in Changsha City, Hunan Province, it was built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Formerly known as Hongye Pavilion, also known as Aifeng Pavilion, it is located in Qingfeng Gorge at the foot of Yuelu Mountain. The pavilion sits west to east, surrounded by mountains on three sides and towering ancient maple trees. Love Evening Pavilion was built in the 57th year of Qing Qianlong (1792), initiated by Luo Dian, president of Yuelu Academy. Later, according to the intention of Bi Yuan, governor of Huguang, Du Mu's poem "Stop and sit in the maple grove late, the frost leaves are red in February flowers" was adopted, and the pavilion was renamed Love Night Pavilion. Originally a wooden structure, it was changed to brick at the beginning of Tongzhi (1862- 1870). The pavilion is simple and elegant, with a square plane, a side length of 6.23 meters and a height of 12 meters. The inner column is painted with mahogany, and four outer eaves columns are made of a whole square granite. The pavilion has four eaves, a pointed treasure roof, four wings stretched out and covered with green glazed tiles. The gold-plated plaque "Love Evening Pavilion" on the front was inscribed by Mao Zedong at the invitation of Li Da, president of Hunan University, with 1952.

Lake Pavilion:

Located on the small island in the center of Hangzhou West Lake, it is also called Lu Zhenting. Founded in the thirty-first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt and renamed Hu Xinge in Wanli period.

● Taoranting

Taoranting Park is located in the northwest of Taoranting Bridge on the South Second Ring Road in Beijing. The park covers a total area of 59 hectares, including water surface 17 hectares. The park was built in 1952. It is the earliest modern garden built in Beijing after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It is located in a scenic spot in Yanjing, known as "Doumen Resort", with a long history and mottled historical sites. The famous Taoranting and Bates Temple are located here. Beautiful garden scenery, rich cultural connotation and glorious revolutionary historical sites make her a tourist attraction.

In the thirty-fourth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1695), Jiang Zao, a doctor of the Ministry of Industry, was ordered to supervise the black kiln factory. He built a small pavilion in the west of Bates Abbey, named after the word "Tao Ran" in Bai Juyi's poem "Waiting for Chrysanthemum to Get Familiar, Drunk with You". This small pavilion is very popular with literati, and is known as "the place where Zhou Hou borrows flowers and the right army mows grass", and it is also regarded as a must-see place by literati from all over the country who come to Beijing. During the more than 200 years in the Qing Dynasty, this pavilion enjoyed a long reputation and became one of the best pavilions in the capital.

There are many famous historical sites around Taoranting. There is Longju Temple in the northwest, and there are buildings such as Arrow Plate, Nitian Pavilion, Kanshan Building and Baobing Hall in the temple. Celebrities often rest here, and their popularity is comparable to that of Taoran Pavilion in Daoguang period. There are Black Dragon Pool, Wang Longting, Yina Temple, Cimei Garden and Zuyuan in the southeast. There is Shi Feng Garden in the southwest; There is a kiln platform due north; There are tombs of incense and parrots in the northeast, as well as tombs of drunken Guo and Saijinhua in modern times. Most of these monuments are earlier than Taoranting, and some even earlier than Bates Temple. All have a history of literati chanting, and all have had their own glorious periods.

Modern Taoranting has a glorious historical chapter. Around the May 4th Movement, Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, the founders and leaders of China's * * * production party, successively came to Taoranting to carry out revolutionary activities. 1920 65438+ 10 18, got together with members of the "auxiliary society" in Beijing to discuss the struggle to expel Hunan warlord Zhang, and took a group photo in front of the locust tree outside the gate of An Mountain. On August 6th, 1920, progressive groups such as Tianjin Enlightenment Society and Beijing young chinese Society discussed the direction of the revolutionary struggle after the May 4th Movement and the joint struggle of various groups in the North Hall. 192 1 In July and August, Li Dazhao rented two rooms in the south room of an in the name of Chen Yusheng, a member of young chinese Institution, and his wife Jin Qixin was buried in the tomb of Mrs. Shou beside Taoranting, where she conducted secret activities. During 1923, Deng Zhongxia, Yun and Gao often attended the meeting.

Modern Taoranting Park is a new modern urban garden which combines ancient architecture with modern gardening art, and highlights the pavilion culture in China.

There are lush trees, lush flowers, uneven pavilions and pleasant scenery in the park. On the island in the middle of the lake, there are Jinqiudun and Yantou Mountain, which are in full swing with Taoranting. There is Qiu Jin Pavilion on the pier of Qiu Jin, which is the website of Huaxian Temple. There is a "Rose Mountain" at the southern foot of Tingnan Mountain, and its land is the site of the original incense burial, parrot burial and Saijinhua tomb. There are famous high tombs and Shi Pingmei tombs in the pine forest under the pavilion. There is a sightseeing pavilion at the top of Yantou Mountain, opposite to Qiu Jin Pavilion, and a Chengguang Pavilion is built at the foot of the southwest of the pavilion, which is the most suitable place to see the lake and the mountain. North of Tingbei Mountain is Evergreen Pavilion.

The famous China Pavilion, built in 1985, is the "garden in the garden" of Taoranting Park. By concentrating tourism resources, the famous exhibition halls in China are carefully selected and imitated. There are more than ten pavilions, including Zuiweng Pavilion, Lanting, Echi Monument Pavilion, Shaoling Caotang Monument Pavilion, Canglang Pavilion, Duxing Pavilion, Er Quan Pavilion, Chuitai Pavilion, Shenyue Pavilion and Baipo Pavilion. These famous pavilions are all imitated according to the ratio of 1: 1, and pavilions and landscapes are combined to complement each other. Walking in the garden is like crossing mountains and rivers or visiting the splendid hometown of wuyue, which has a deeper historical and cultural connotation. Tourists can appreciate the architectural art and cultural landscape of the Chinese nation without going far away.

There are 36 pavilions in Taoranting Park, which are moved, imitated, designed and built by themselves. Taoranting Park receives 7 million tourists every year, with a daily peak of 60,000 tourists. In 2002, it was awarded the first batch of 4A-level tourist attractions and the title of civilized tourist attractions in the capital by the National Tourism Administration.

Taoranting Park also has comprehensive facilities such as cruise ship, water park, children's entertainment city, Van Gogh Music, playground, restaurant, Taoran Garden Hotel and commercial outlets. Warmly welcome Chinese and foreign guests for sightseeing.

● Zuiweng Pavilion

Zuiweng Pavilion, located at the foot of Langya Mountain, is one of the famous historical sites in Anhui Province. This pavilion is recorded in the masterpiece Zuiweng Pavilion written by Ouyang Xiu, a great essayist in the Song Dynasty.

During Song Renshou and Qing Dynasty, the government was corrupt and powerful people were in power. Ouyang Xiu, who moved to the DPRK as an official, advocated the reform of current politics, did not shy away from rumors, and dared to expose the private affairs of officials, thus offending the Prime Minister Xia Song and others. Xia Song falsely accused the emperor in front of him. Will keep listening to greedy words and demote Ouyang Xiu to Chuzhou.

In the first year of Li Qing (A.D. 1045), Ouyang Xiu came to Chuzhou, met the abbot of Langya Temple, Zhi Xian, and soon became a bosom friend. In order to facilitate Ouyang Xiu's play, Zhixiante built a small pavilion at the foot of the mountain, and Ouyang Xiu took it as a souvenir. This is the famous "Zuiweng Pavilion". Since then, Ouyang Xiu often went to the pavilion to have fun and drink with his friends. "I am too cautious when guests come to drink here. I don't have to get drunk if I drink less, and I call myself a drunkard at the highest age." Zuiwengting "got its name. Ouyang Xiu not only drinks here, but also often does business here. There is a poem praising: "I am happy for politics, and I put things in the pavilion every time." "

After the completion of Zuiweng Pavilion, it attracted many tourists. At that time, Dr. Shen Zun, the doctor of Taichang, came here, and after watching it, he created a piano song "Intoxicating Songs" (a song called "Taishoucao") with Ouyang Xiuqin as the lyrics. Now, a couplet in front of Feng Gong Temple, "Spring sounds like listening to Cao, and the sea and sky shine on Langya Mountain", means this. After a few years, Ouyang Xiu and Shen respect each other, drinking at midnight, Shen Zun playing the piano "The Drunken Man", "The sound of the palace is overlapping", "Like the wind is light and the birds are singing in the sun, and the quiet mountains are ringing in the spring night". The sound of the piano reminded Ou Gong of drinking in the pavilion, that is, writing poems as gifts.

When Zuiweng Pavilion was first built, there was only one pavilion. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Tang family built a bronze mouth beside it. In the Ming dynasty, it began to flourish. According to legend, the house had been built to "hundred columns" at that time, but it was later destroyed many times. During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, more than one garden was in ruins. It was not until the seventh year of Guangxu (A.D. 188 1) that the observation of the whole pepper rebuilt Xue and the Zuiweng Pavilion was restored to its original state.

The architectural layout around Zuiweng Pavilion is compact and unique, and the pavilions are small and unique, with the characteristics of Jiangnan gardens. Although the total area is less than 1000 square meters, there are nine different buildings and landscapes. Zuiweng Pavilion, Songsongzhai, Fenggong Temple, Gu Meiting, Xiang Ying Pavilion, Yiting, Yiting and Lan Yu Terrace have different styles and are called "Nine Scenes of Zuiweng". There is a fountain in front of Zuiweng Pavilion and a stream beside it. The water gurgles all year round, and the wind is clear and the air is positive. In the pavilion, Su Shi, a writer and calligrapher of the Song Dynasty, inscribed the inscription "Drunk Smelling Pavilion", named "Irving Perilla". There is a high platform at the highest place behind the pavilion, which is called "Xuan Di Palace". Looking around on the stage, you can see that the mountain in front of the pavilion is green and the leaves are horizontal. Lin Tao rose and fell behind the pavilion and flew to my ear, as if she were in a painting.

Zuiweng Pavilion is famous for Ouyang Xiu and his Zuiweng Pavilion. Although I have moved many times in hundreds of years, I will never forget it. Someone once wrote a couplet: "Weng has been gone for 800 years, and his hometown is still drunk;" The mountain is six or seven miles long, and the pavilion is not alone. "After liberation, the people's government listed Zuiwengting as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit and repaired it many times. Today, it is a thousand-year-old scenic spot, which is even more spectacular and charming.

● Hu Xin Pavilion

Hu Xinting is located in the West Lake outside Hangzhou, which was called Lu Zhenting in ancient times. It was built in the thirty-first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1552), and is said to be the former site of the Three Pagodas built by Su Dongpo in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the 28th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (160 1), it was renamed Qingxi Pavilion.

"Spring water is a blue floating pearl, and the sunset red wetland is three bows". This is a wonderful portrayal of the scenery in the middle of the lake. Together with Santan silver moon and Ruan Gongdun, they are also called "three islands in the lake". Form the so-called "Penglai three islands" in the West Lake.

The pavilions and pavilions in the middle of the lake, carved with beams and painted with buildings, are magnificent; The upturned cornice, two-story appearance and yellow glazed tile roof are majestic and solemn. The pavilion in the middle of the lake is surrounded by water, and flowers and willows set each other off. There is a "Insect II" tablet in the shade, which is said to be inscribed by Emperor Qianlong, alluding to the word "boundless and romantic". From the pavilion in the middle of the lake overlooking the West Lake, surrounded by green water and green mountains, this is one of the so-called "overlooking the center of the lake" and "Ten Scenes of Qiantang". Visitors come here, like "Penglai Palace is in the middle of the water".

● Love Night Pavilion

Love Evening Pavilion, located on Qingfeng Gorge Mountain behind Yuelu Academy, is a square pavilion with double eaves and eight columns. Love Evening Pavilion was built by Luo Dian, the head of Yuelu Academy in the 57th year of Qing Qianlong (1792). After vicissitudes of life, the original pavilion was rebuilt during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. During Guangxu period, Cheng Rebuild, who was supervised by Hunan Higher Education Institute, wrote an inscription on the pavilion: "In the autumn of three years, I rebuilt the Love Evening Pavilion, carved poems by Mr. Nan Xuan and Mr. Nan Yuan, collected the story of Luo Hongqiao, and wrote the word" flying crane "to visit Yongjia." Nanxuan is the Zhang Mu style of Yuelu Academy in the Southern Song Dynasty. Nanyuan was the dry peak of the Qing Dynasty. Their Poems of Qingfeng Gorge and Nine Days Yuelu Mountain are all carved on the stone in the pavilion, titled "Poem Carving in the South". After 1950s, Love Night Pavilion was rebuilt twice, and now the word "Love Night Pavilion" is written by Mao Zedong in calligraphy.

Luo Dian, a famous Confucian scholar in Qing Dynasty, founded Love Evening Pavilion. He is called Luo Hongqiao. He has taught in the Academy for 27 years and won many awards from the imperial court. There is a couplet written by Luodian on the pavilion: "The trail is red and comfortable at dusk, and 500 peaches are newly planted; The gorge clouds are dark green, and a pair of tamed cranes are waiting for the cage. " It is said that the first sentence of this couplet was modified by Cheng, and Luo Yuan's sentence was "Suddenly stunning red elm" and "Good for green". There is a stream in front of the pavilion, named "Lan Jian" because there are many fragrant orchids beside it. The water in the stream hits the stone, which is called "stone wrasse". There are maple trees around the pavilion, and the scenery is especially good when the maple is red as fire in autumn. Therefore, Love Night Pavilion is also called "Red Leaf Pavilion" and "Aifeng Pavilion". The famous Love Night Pavilion is largely because of this good name. The name of the pavilion is true. "Red Leaves" and "Love Maple" were renamed "Love Night Pavilion", which has always been said to be related to the poet Yuan Mei.

Yuan Mei, a gifted scholar, is a famous gifted scholar in Jiangnan. When I came to Changsha one autumn, many people came to visit me, but Luo Dian was the only one who ignored me. He doesn't appreciate Yuan Mei's "theory of spiritual nature" and the originality of writing poems, and he doesn't like Yuan Mei to recruit female disciples. In order to prevent Yuan Mei from visiting, a copybook was posted on the archway of the Academy, saying, "If it's not for Wen Gong, please stay". Luz surnamed Zhong, a disciple of Confucius; Han Yu retired, and Wen Gong died. This couplet really conforms to Luodian's identity and temperament, so it is quite different from Yuan Mei's sketch: it means that Yuan Mei is not like Lutz and Han Yu, and Luodian doesn't want to see you. Two days later, Yuan Mei saw this couplet, shook his head and smiled, and handed in a thank-you note. Luo Dian said he was ill. After Yuan Mei left, Luodian had people splash water on the front steps, saying it was to eliminate heresy. Yuan Mei traveled alone in Yuelu Mountain, singing scenic spots everywhere. Only Du Mu's quatrain is recorded in "Red Leaf Pavilion": "There are people deep in the white clouds, far away in the cold mountains. Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February. " And copy out the word "love, night" in the third sentence. When Luodian heard about this, Li Anyun was "ashamed, ashamed!" And personally wrote the new plaque "Love Night Pavilion". This name has been used to this day.

But who changed the name of the "Love Night" pavilion, or who first proposed it, the lawsuit is still being fought. "The Essence of China Cultural Knowledge" said: The real name change should be Bi Yuan, not Yuan Mei. There is a note after Luo Dian's poem "Two Poems on the Same Theme of Academy Poetry": "There are abundant red leaves in the mountains and pavilions at the foot of the mountains. Bi Qiufan was named' Love Night' in the army, and Ji wrote poems. " According to the available information, it is known that Yuan Mei visited Yuelu Mountain on November 27th, 49th year of Qianlong (1784). Hongye Pavilion was built in the 57th year of Qianlong (1792), that is, eight years after Yuan Mei's visit. In this way, it seems impossible for Yuan Mei to change its name. Bi was the enemy of Governor Huguang at that time. Bi and Luo have been friends for many years. They often compose poems together and often visit the Love Evening Pavilion on Yuelu Mountain. I don't know. "Love late" is easy to finish.

Legend and textual research are not important. As far as the name of the pavilion itself is concerned, "Love Night Pavilion" is indeed better than "Red Leaf Pavilion" and "Love Maple Pavilion". Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the pavilion has gradually changed from a place for tourists to a place for elegant people to eat after the Six Dynasties, so the name of the pavilion is very important. However, there are few good names. There is a saying in Hong Mai's "Rong Zhai Essays": "Building pavilions and pavilions is the easiest to follow, which is not vulgar or strange. Dongpo recently saw a guest cloud reading the Book of Jin and asked him,' Have you found a good pavilion name?' It is difficult to cover this up. Qin Chucai set up a pavilion on the river outside Xuancheng, with the purpose of "knowing its affairs", and using Du Fu's poem "Knowing the affairs of Guo, it is more important for Chengjiang to solve the worries of customers". Wang Zhongheng built pavilions in Huiji and Houshan, aiming at "white cool", and also used Du Fu's poem "Yue Nv is white all over the world, Jianhu is cool for five days". Both can be described as new, but don't take them seriously. "Today's" Love Night "is a famous sentence, which is not bad; For example, the former "Red Leaves" and "Love Maple" are too straightforward and vulgar, while the names of "Knowing You" and "Bai Liang" cited by Hong Mai are novel but too obscure. Good pavilion names, such as "Zuiweng" and "Taoran", make people fall in love at first sight and have endless aftertaste. Perhaps it is because the name of the pavilion "Love Night" is very pleasant to hear and is deeply loved by scholars, so I attach a story about the renaming of Yuan Mei or Bi Qiufan. Moreover, there are many such stories in ancient times, among which "the magical wind helped Wang Bo" is even more legendary. The museum is passed on by name, and the name is passed on by people, which complement each other.

Since modern times, there have been many great people's footprints along the Love Night Pavilion, and the name of Mao Zedong's pro-book pavilion also comes from his background. 1996, Lin went to travel, saw great rivers and mountains, and generously sang:

There are wine stains on maple trees everywhere, and the scenery is beautiful.

A wisp of Di Zi's soul is hard to recruit when the blood of azalea is sprinkled on Qianshan Mountain.

If you want to bring China back to Kam Rust, you will often wash away tears and rain.

Lan Cheng is also concerned about the sense of river and worried about seeing the old tree village in the south of the Yangtze River.

Mao Zedong studied in Changsha when he was young, and often got together with his close friends Cai Hesen, Luo Xuezan and Zhang Kundi to study, exercise and explore the truth in Aiye Pavilion. They climb mountains from here, sometimes sleep in the mountains, and sometimes take a "wind bath" or "rain bath" when it rains heavily. From "Qinyuanchun Changsha", "Look at all the mountains, all the forests, all the rivers, all the rivers, the eagle strikes the sky, the fish is shallow, and all kinds of frosty days compete for freedom. Lonely, ask the vast earth, who is in charge of ups and downs? " We can get a glimpse of Mao Zedong's early study tour career and his extraordinary ambition to dominate the ups and downs. It's a pity that I haven't seen Mao Zedong's poem "Love Night Pavilion" so far, but Mr. Zhou Shizhao has a poem "From Chairman Mao to Yuelu Mountain to Yunlu Palace", which describes people's happy and peaceful thoughts in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China:

The sound of the river rolled away from the white sand, and the flags fluttered and the shadows rolled red.

Climb to thousands of feet at the foot of the cloud and come to Changsha to see Wanjia.

The old country was empty for a few years, and the east wind was everywhere in Sang Ma.

The southern tour has seen the rise of music, why use scholars to praise things?

In 1954, Mr. Zhou also wrote a poem "Walking on the street and watching the love pavilion in autumn". From the content point of view, it should be regarded as a companion piece of the last poem: "The piano sings in Bixi, the red forest paints, and the autumn scenery in one mountain is more chic." In order to find the old traces and go to the Champs Elysé es, I will pick up the memory of the hero early. Being in the deep mountains, worrying about the country and the people, I became familiar overnight. The root of vegetables is rice, grass is shoes, and history should be rewritten. " The next step is obviously to write a story about Mao Zedong.

After being destroyed in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Love Night Pavilion was restored, but it did not return to the old concept. After liberation, it was built twice in 1952 and 1968. Now the pavilion is supported by four pillars, with double eaves and four pendants. It is covered with green glazed tiles, and its four corners stretch like wings. The whole pavilion is beautifully shaped and colorful, dotted in my valley. Two green streams gurgled out of the ravine and poured into the pond in front of the pavilion. The water in the stream slammed against the stone. Zhang Mu chanted the poem Shise, saying: "The flowing spring is self-purifying, and when it touches the stone, it sounds long and short, and when it is poor, it sounds with me." Nowadays, students of Hunan University and Teachers College often read in the morning, and the spring stream and the sound of books interweave into a pleasant morning song. The pool in front of the pavilion is clear and blue, reflecting the pavilion with blue tiles and red eaves, which is more poetic and picturesque, and is an excellent place for Yuelu Mountain scenery.

I hope it helps you!