The Historical Background of Yangzhou in Song Dynasty

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Yangzhou became the frontier of the rule across the river.

In the Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou built a "Los Angeles" under Shugang, which was fifteen miles from north to south and seven miles from east to west, and incorporated a large number of residential areas and industrial and commercial houses in the southeast of the ancient canal under Shugang into the city, forming a "ten-mile long street" connected with the street. This mountain is called "Zicheng" or "Yacheng", which is the concentration of government and yamen. In other words, Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty included Zicheng and Luocheng. In Du Mu's poems, "A thousand steps down the street and two cities in the summer reflect" refers to Luocheng and Zicheng. Yangzhou has also changed from a political and military castle to an economic and cultural city.

Since the late Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou has been in a state of chaos and the city has been destroyed. Since Yang Xingmi called Yangzhou Wu Huanghou, the society was temporarily stable and the battlements were restored. Later, Xu Zhimo succeeded Yang Wu, changed his name to Li Bian, and ascended the throne, with the title of Datang (known as Nantang in history). Yangzhou belonged to the Southern Tang Dynasty at this time.

In addition, in the north, Zhou Taizu and Guo Wei replaced the later Han Dynasty. Sitting in Long Ting for four years, he died of illness. My nephew and adopted son Guo Rong succeeded to the throne.

In the first year of Xiande (954), Guo Rong boarded the main hall. Guo Rong, formerly known as Chai Rong. A hundred years later, people were also called Chai Sejong. In the last five years of the Zhou Dynasty (958), Guo Wei's old general Han, whose capital was in front of the temple, seized Yangzhou from the territory of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Yangzhou City was once again in ruins. Han built a city in the southeast corner of the former site of Tang Luocheng, named "Zhou". In the seventh year of Xiande (960), Chai Rong died and Chai Zongxun succeeded to the throne at the age of seven. Although Chai Zongxun had an auxiliary slaughter, he had no relieving power. After Emperor Gong ascended the throne, he moved the capital to Yangzhou, rebuilt Zhou and expanded to the southeast, which became a part of the foundation of later Zhou.

In the seventh year of Xiande (960), on the fourth day of the first month, Zhao Kuangyin, who held the relieving power, launched a mutiny in Chen Qiaoyi (now the northern part of Kaifeng, Henan Province), abolishing Chai Zongxun, the emperor of the later Zhou Dynasty who had been in power for seven years, and became the first emperor in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Zhao Kuangyin became emperor, armed to the teeth, and Li Zhongjin, who was commanded by the bodyguard "ma bu" or horse stance just look, did not agree. At the beginning of November in 960 AD (the first year of Stegosaurus), Song Bing arrived in Yangzhou and was stationed twenty miles west of the city (now West Lake in Hu Chang). The First World War ended with the martyrdom of the Li Zhongjin family, and Yangzhou returned to the Northern Song Dynasty. However, Yangzhou City did not suffer much damage in this war.

At this point, Zhao Kuangyin didn't want to swallow Jiangnan in one fell swoop and returned to Bianjing in December. The Song Dynasty and the Southern Tang Dynasty were ruled across the river temporarily, and Yangzhou became the frontier of the Song Dynasty.

Nomads from the south, Yangzhou is Gao Zongnan's escape post.

During the Northern Song Dynasty 168, the war was basically in the north, Yangzhou followed the state city built by Li Zhongjin, and the castles on the mountain were gradually abandoned.

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Jin Bing went south, and at the end of the first year of Jingkang (1 126), the capital of song dynasty was broken. On May 1 day, Zhao Gou ascended the throne, known as Emperor Gaozong in history, and was the first emperor in the Southern Song Dynasty. After Zhao Gou acceded to the throne, he allocated 100,000 yuan and ordered Lv Yihao, the magistrate of Yangzhou, to repair Yangzhou City. In September, Lv Yihao rebuilt the "Song Dacheng" on the basis of could, all built with big bricks. Song Dacheng is located in the south of Luo Tang City, northwest of the ancient canal, roughly east of Gujiaxiang (now the new ancient first lane of Dongguan Street), south of Kangshan Street to the old south gate, all close to the ancient canal; On the west side, Baohe runs from Yanchi (now Slender West Lake south of Changchun Bridge, Ximentou, Erdaohe to Hehuachi), and on the north side, Chaihe (now Caohe).

Soon, Emperor Gaozong wrote a letter to "Xunxing Huaidian". In fact, Gao Zong's "Southern Tour" was an action of fleeing to the south. He arrived in Yangzhou on October 27th, the first year of Jian Yan (1 127). The frontline soldiers fought bloody battles to ensure peace south of Huaihe River. Emperor Gaozong had no intention of saving the country and went through this disaster. Seeing that the war didn't hit Yangzhou, he felt safe.

Nomads and soldiers kicked their dreams to pieces. In February (1 129), Jin Shuai Hongyan Hanzong sent troops to attack Yangzhou. In March, the Jin Army vanguard arrived in Tianshui Army (now Tianchang, Anhui). When Emperor Gaozong received the report, he was terrified out of his wits. He immediately mounted his horse and fled in panic, and the imperial camp was caught off guard. He only rode the escort for five or six days and then ran outside the city. Gaozong fled from the south gate and went to Guazhou via the Yangtze River Bridge. Lv Yihao and Zhang Jun found a boat to protect Emperor Gaozong and then crossed the river.

Jin Jun invaded Yangzhou and chased it to the river, but the soldiers and civilians could not retreat, causing countless casualties and drowning. They looted Yangzhou for three days, set it on fire, and then turned to Zhou Zhen to occupy Taizhou. After the nomads from the city left, there were few lucky survivors in Yangzhou.

Zhao Gou fled to Zhenjiang, and soon fled to Suzhou, Hangzhou and Mingzhou. The nomads from the army pursued them until the first month of the fourth year of Jianyan (1 130). They were exhausted, caught in a storm at sea and attacked by the Song army on land. Had to retreat north.

After Gao Zongnan crossed, Yangzhou became an outpost against the nomads from the Golden Army. It is recorded in both The History of Song Dynasty and Gu Zuyu's Summary of Reading History and Geography that Guo Di studied Song Dacheng after learning about Yangzhou in the second year of Shaoxing (1 132). Because nomads from the Jin Dynasty repeatedly committed crimes, he thought that the sub-cities in the Tang Dynasty had higher terrain, which was conducive to defending and attacking invading enemies. So the city was rebuilt on the site of Tang Cheng, and it was called "Baozhai City" (the approximate scope of Baozhai City is Baocheng Village in Pingshan Township today). The city faces the north and south of Song Dacheng, and there is a gap of two miles between them. This gap is easy for the enemy to block two cities, and it is difficult to take care of each other. So another city was built to connect the two cities. Its north gate is connected with the south gate of Baozhai City, and the south gate leads directly to Song Dacheng. Today, Tongjiatao and Bijiashan Highlands in the north of Changchun Bridge are the former sites of Song Jiacheng. The slopes outside the east, north and west walls are steep, showing a long and narrow rectangle from north to south, which is 1-3 meters higher than the nearby ground because it is sandwiched between these two cities. From then on, Yangzhou three cities. The north gate of Jiacheng is connected with the south gate of Baozhai, and the south gate is connected with the northwest gate of Song Dacheng, which is called "Three Cities of Song Dynasty" in history (see the map of Three Cities of Song Dynasty).

127 1 year, Kublai Khan changed the country name to yuan. The attack on the Southern Song Dynasty began, and the real battle began.

In the spring of the ninth year of Xianchun (1273), the Yuan army captured Fancheng and Xiangyang, which had been besieged for six years, and went down the river. In the second year of Gongdi Deyou (1276), in February, the Yuan Army broke through Chizhou and continued to advance eastward. Song Jun was defeated by Lugang (now southwest of Wuhu, Anhui), and Jia Sidao retreated to Yangzhou. In March, the Yuan army occupied Jiankang without bloodshed, and then the soldiers were divided into two ways. Bo Yan led the main force straight to Lin 'an and Asu surrounded Yangzhou.

Asu attacked Yangzhou, but was resisted by Yangzhou commanders Li Tingzhi and Jiang Cai. Historians say that the battle of Yangzhou and the battle of Fishing City are two great battles that shine brilliantly in the history books.

In the 10th year of Chunyou (1250), Jia Sidao moved to Huaibei, and rebuilt "Baozhai City" in Baoyou. After guarding Yangzhou, Li Tingzhi built a Garden City, including Pingshan Hall, to the west of Baojou City, and called it Pingshan Hall City. This added a commanding height to prevent Yuan soldiers from occupying Shugang and shooting arrows at Yangzhou. Asu couldn't attack the city, so he had to surround Yangzhou and cut off its route for providing foodstuff. In winter, the city runs out of food and corpses are everywhere.

The battle of Yangzhou lasted for ten months, and all the counties in Jianghuai fell. Bao You City, Ping Shan Tang City and Jia Cheng were all destroyed by the Yuan Army, and only Song Dacheng was hit by the war.

After the Yuan army captured Yangzhou, it continued to use "Song Dacheng". In the seventeenth year of Zheng Zheng (1357), a city later called "Old City" was rebuilt in the southwest corner of Song Dacheng. The eastern boundary of the "old city" is now Xiaoqinhuai, the western boundary is now Toudao River, the northern boundary is now Yanfu Road, and the southern boundary is now the ancient canal south of the city. The area around the old city is "1775 feet". Ming Jiajing's "Wei Yang Zhi Juan Xi Military Affairs" records that "the three cities in the Song Dynasty were sandwiched between the city and the treasure city, and the big city only ended in the southwest corner, so there were few accounts at that time".

Three cities in song dynasty

Baozhaicheng

The south wall of Baozhai starts from Guanyin Mountain in the west and reaches Tiefo Temple in the east, with a total length of about 1.9 km, and is built along the southern edge of Shugang. The west city wall starts from Guanyin Mountain in the south and goes north along Xihuamen Road to the west corner of Baocheng, with a total length of1.4km.. The wall of the north city starts from the west corner of Baocheng in the west, reaches Li Jiazhuang in the east, turns to Yinjiazhuang in the northeast, and extends eastward to Jiangzhuang, a comprehensive village, with a total length of 2 kilometers. Dongcheng Wall starts from the northeast corner of Yacheng in the north and reaches Tiefo Temple in the south, with a total length of1.5km. Its circumference is about 6.8km and its area is about 2.2km2, which is slightly smaller than Zicheng in the Tang Dynasty. The low-lying land around us today is the remains of the city of that year. There are two gates in the south, north and west of Baozhai, which are connected by roads, and the entrance of the west gate is connected with the north-south road; There are two doors in the east, which are connected with the north-south passage by a road. The south gate is the main gate, and the doorway is about 14 meters long, which is the gate connected with Song Dacheng. There is a water gate in the north city and a water gate in the east city. There is a turret in the corner of the city wall. The inside of the corner is wrapped with bricks, and the inside of the bricks is special inclined bricks, so that the built wall can be folded naturally.

Jiacheng

Jiacheng is located between Baozhai City and Songda City, and its north gate is connected with its south gate, leading directly to Songda City. Because the north gate of Songda City is slightly east, the south gate of Baozhai City is slightly west, and the north and south are not on a vertical line, another gate is opened in the west of Songda City (at this time, there are five gates in Songda City and two in the north), which leads directly to Jiacheng. Even so, Jiacheng is still directly connected. There is a door on the east and west sides, that is, the waist, and there is a moon city outside the door. The slopes outside the east, north and west walls are steep and 1-3 meters higher than the nearby ground. Tongjiatao and Bijiashan highlands to the north of Changchun Bridge today are the former site of Song Jiacheng, that is, from the west side of the original detention center in the east to the north gate of the original Slender West Lake in the west (facing the gate of Wu Ting Bridge). Nearly 800 years have passed. Although the north side of Jiacheng has been cut off by Bao 'an Lake, the topographical features are faintly visible.

Song Dacheng

In the fifth year of Xiande in the later Zhou Dynasty (958), the Han Dynasty built a city in the southeast corner of the former site of Tangluo City, with a circumference of 2 180 feet, which was called "Zhou". Soon, Li Zhongjin was stationed in Yangzhou, and "Zhouchengxiao" was rebuilt and extended to the southeast, called "Zhoucheng", which was a part of the foundation of "Song Dacheng".

Before Gao Zongnan crossed, Lv Yihao in Yangzhou was ordered to rebuild the "Song Dacheng" on the basis of Zhou Cheng, all made of big bricks. Song Dacheng is located in the south of Luo Tang City, northwest of the ancient canal, roughly east of Gujiaxiang (now the new ancient first lane of Dongguan Street), south of Kangshan Street to the old south gate, all close to the ancient canal; West to Hubao to Yanchi (now Slender West Lake to the south of Changchun Bridge, Ximentou, Erdaohe to Hehuachi) and north to Chaihe (now Caohe). It is about 4.5 Li from east to west and 6 Li from north to south. The whole city wall is slightly square, with an area of about 6 square kilometers and a circumference of 2280 feet. Chenghe (now the first line of Wenhe Road) runs through the north and south of the city, and the ancient canal, Hu Bao and Caohe are surrounded by moats. There are four city gates, South Gate (Anjiangmen), North Gate (Yingenmen), East Gate (Kanghaimen) and West Gate (Tongsimen). From the east gate to the west gate and from the south gate to the north gate, a horizontal and vertical cross street is formed, and the north-south direction is generally the street from Nanmen Street to the Cultural Palace, Wanjiafu Shopping Mall to Tiandi Hotel (formerly Nanmen Street, Yuan Jie, Beimen Street). Generally speaking, the east-west direction is that today's Dongguan Street, Caiyi Street and Dadongmen Street are connected with Siwangting Road (formerly Ximen Street), and Zhouzhi is in today's Yingbin Hotel.