The history, culture and landscape of Changzhi Shangdang Gate, Chenghuang Temple, Tiantai Temple, Dayunyuan Temple and Faxing Temple?

Shangdang Gate joined the Party with the intention of "taking heaven as the party". The existing Shangdang Gate and its bell and drum towers on both sides were built by Zhou Zhima in Ming Dynasty. In the ninth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty, after Mayi, the magistrate of Luzhou, was in power for six years, the original bell and drum tower was renovated and rebuilt on a large scale, which was "simple and solid, majestic and solid". This is today's bell and drum tower, and this is today's Shangdang Gate. Shangdang Gate, located in West Street, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, was the gate of Shangdang county government in ancient times. Built in the reign of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (58 1-600), the Jin Dynasty was destroyed by fire. The existing bell towers in Shangdang Gate and Zuo Yi were rebuilt during the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, while the right drum tower was added during the Tianshun period. On the second floor, the bells and drums are juxtaposed, saying "the wind is galloping" and "the wind is moving" to show the meaning of towering like a cloud. Now it has become the symbol of Changzhi City. Visitors boarded the building and got a panoramic view of Changzhi City. Shangdang Gate is the symbol of Changzhi. It is located in Gaogang at the northern end of Fupo Street in the center of Changzhi, and it is the gate of Shangdang county governance in ancient times. Shangdang is a place name, which has existed since Shang Dynasty. In the southeast of Shanxi Province today, it generally includes Changzhi City, Jincheng City, Yushe in Jinzhong area, Zuo Quan, heshun county and Anze County in Linfen area. Regarding the meaning of "joining the party", Interpretation of the Name explains: "The party is also. It is on the mountain, where it is the highest, so it is on the party "; Fang Zhizhong said: "Being at the top of Taihang Mountain, the terrain is the highest, and we are the party with heaven." . In other words, Shangdang refers to the highest place on Taihang Mountain. Shangdang County was established after Qin Shihuang unified China. The county government is located in Changzhi City today. Shangdang Gate was founded in the reign of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (about 58 1 to 600). Its gatehouse is1500m above sea level, as high as the top of Taihang Mountain. It is very spectacular. Boarding the gatehouse, the scenery of Shangdang ancient city is vivid, with a panoramic view of distant mountains and near water. In the first year of Yongjinglong (A.D. 707), during the Tang and Xuansong Dynasties, Li Longji was appointed as a special bus driver in Luzhou and lived in the Luzhou official office at Shangdangmen. On the basis of architecture in Sui Dynasty, he decorated Shangdang Gate and built a dressing room, a flower viewing room and a Defeng Pavilion nearby. When he became emperor, he came back here and built the Longfei Palace, Yanhexuan. During the reign of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Nomads marched south, captured Longde (now Changzhi City), and Shangdang Gate was destroyed by fire. Shangdang Gate was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty. Shangdang gatehouse faces south, commanding and independent. The door is a double-eaved structure with a bell tower on the left and a drum tower on the right. The bell and drum tower is called "wind galloping" and "cloud moving". It means Shangdang Gate, built on Shangdang, towering into the sky. The two-story abutment is high and parallel, setting off from a distance. The building is high and the door is low, the height is scattered, and the master and slave are separated, which fully embodies the majesty of the feudal government and is very rich in national style. As a provincial key cultural relics protection unit, Shangdang Gate has been repaired and painted many times in recent years. Shangdang Gate is more magnificent and youthful now. Chenghuang Temple, located on Huangcheng Road in the present urban area, was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty, and was later rebuilt in the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369). There are Sanshanmen, Baiting, Hall, Health Pool, Stone Arch Bridge, Lady Hall, etc. The top of the Chenghuang Temple is a suspended mountain, and a three-liter bucket arch frame is used between the seven beams and the golden column. The four walls of the main hall only play a protective role and do not bear the pressure of the roof. Unique structure. After the earthquake, although the wall collapsed, the beam frame was safe and sound. Its beams and carving knives are bright and strong, which not only have the architectural style of Ming Dynasty, but also have the characteristics of local traditional art. They are the essence of the historical remains of ancient buildings in Jieyang City. Zhengzhou City God Temple is in the north of Zhengzhou Shangcheng Road. It was built in the early Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in the 14th year of Hongzhi (150 1). Sitting facing south, there is a mountain gate, front hall, music building, main hall, bedroom and so on. All the buildings are covered with glazed tiles, covered with cornices, beautifully shaped and compact in structure. Le Lou Gundam15m. It is a two-story building, with the style of mountains and rivers. There are several Youlong reliefs on the spine. There are phoenixes flying up and down, and there are lotus lions around, which are very vivid. The two ends of the main spine of the main hall are carved with animals that swallow and kiss the spine, and several dragons are carved on both sides, decorated with phoenix and peony; The temple is engraved with "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea", pine and cypress, figures, birds and animals, and the composition is harmonious and exquisite. -Town God and Town God Temple, which originated from the ancient water (god) sacrifice to the city, are one of the Duke of Zhou and Ba Shen. "City" originally refers to the dug-up high wall, and "shovel" originally refers to the moat without water. In order to protect the safety of the people in the city, ancient man-made cities built tall walls, towers, gates, moats and moats. They believe that everything closely related to people's life and production safety has gods, so cities and cities are deified as the protectors of cities. Taoism incorporated it into its own gods, calling it the god of protecting the country from evil spirits and taking charge of the dead in the underworld. City God is a natural god. Where there is a city, there is a city god temple. The earliest City God Temple was found in Wuhu City God Temple, which was founded in the second year of Wu Chiwu in the Three Kingdoms (239). In history, there are records of people in the Tang Dynasty offering sacrifices to the God of the Town God, such as Li Deyu, Li and Du Mu. After the Song Dynasty, the city god began to be personified, and most of them were regarded as the city god by heroes or famous officials after their death. For example, during the Warring States Period, Huang Xie, the goddess of spring in Suzhou, Qin Yubo in Shanghai, Wen Tianxiang and Yang Jiao in Beijing, Zhou Xin in Hangzhou, Pang Wang in Huiji, Nanning and Su Mi in Guilin. In the late Tang Dynasty, in the first year of Qing Dynasty (934), the city god was made king. In the first year of Hongwu, Ming Taizu (1368), the imperial edict made the city gods of Kaifeng, Lin Hao, Shuhe and Pingchu kings, and their status was just the same as that of a surname, a teacher and Taibao, which influenced the prime minister, and the city gods of various prefectures, states and counties also served as officials and princes. Zhou is the supervisor of Xianyou Hou of the company, with the position of Grade III; County god is the supervisor of the company city god, with four positions. He rebuilt the Town God Temple in various places, the scale of which was exactly the same as that of the local government offices, and he also prepared mourning clothes according to the level. In the third year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (1370), he entered the canon and abolished the title. It is only called "the God of the Town God in a certain house and county", which makes it impossible for the Town God Temple to worship other gods. It is said that Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was born in the land temple, so he had great respect for the land temple and the "boss" of the land. During the reign of Xiaozong in the Ming Dynasty (1488- 1506), Chen (1232- 1277), an anti-Yuan hero in Putian, was made Lord of Fuzhou City God, subordinate to Chen Zan (1232-). There was Xinghua Town God Temple in Putian County, which was built in the second year of Ming Hongwu (1369) and located in Miaoqian Lane, Longevity Street City. It consists of Zhao Qiang, outer city, gate, tunnel, instrument gate, middle gate, main hall, back hall and hatchback protection. It covers an area of 24 mu (1) and is dedicated to Chen Jun, the great god of the city, commonly known as the city master. The temple is now a key cultural relic protection unit in Fujian Province. Putian City God Temple is not only Xinghua City God Temple, but also Putian County City God Temple built after Fucheng City God Temple. In the 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1353), Xinghua County was moved from Youyang to the Chenghuang Temple in Xinxian County, and it was founded in the 20th year of Ming Hongwu (1387). In the 5th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1660), Puxi people were forced to move to Fengling and Lijiang Temple in Han River, where they rebuilt the temple, also known as Lijiang Temple. After reunification, they moved back to Puxi to rebuild the temple. The Town God Temple of the Hanjiang River and the Lijiang River remained unchanged, and it is now a famous Taoist temple in Hanjiang District. Generally speaking, the gods and deities of the Town God Temple are: the main hall is dedicated to the God of the Town God, and the gods of hell such as eight generals, judges, tauren, horse face, black and white impermanence, bell and drum god, Yan Shidian and 18th Division are dedicated on both sides, while there are more gods in the Town God Temple. There are plaques such as "strict discipline", "mighty and upright", "protecting the country and the people", "I am selfless", "saving the world and upright" and "promoting upright" in the Town God Temple. It is useless to burn incense after doing evil things. Why don't you worship me? The core of these plaques and couplets, "Good and evil will eventually be rewarded, and right and wrong are clearly defined" and "Good deeds", is to praise the merits of Lord Huang Cheng and persuade people to be good but not evil. In addition, there are stone tablets and stone carvings. These cultural monuments are an important part of the city god culture. Every year, on the 13th day of the first month of the Lantern Festival, on the 19th of May, on the 8th of June, on the birthday of his wife and mother, Tomb-Sweeping Day orphans will be sacrificed. On 15th of July and 15th of October, there will be temple fairs in the Town God Temple. These temple fairs are large in scale, scope and quantity. Annual money, rice, clothes, quilts, medicines, coffins, etc. They were all given in the Chenghuang Temple. The biggest charity activity in Chenghuang Temple is on the 25th day of the twelfth lunar month, and there are also small-scale charity activities on the 1st and 15th day of each month. There are also activities to uphold justice and resolve disputes. In the old society, every New Year's Eve, a puppet "Lu Opera" was staged on the stage of the Imperial Temple in Fucheng. Because there were too many poor people at that time, they were unable to pay their debts at night, so they had to go to the Chenghuang Temple to watch "Lu Opera" as a "shou sui". Charity people quietly give "red envelopes" to those poor people. Lu 'an City God Temple is located in Miaodao Lane, Dabei Street, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province. It was built in the 22nd year of Yuan Dynasty (1285), rebuilt in the 5th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1492) and the 14th year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty (1834). The main hall and corner hall of the existing Chenghuang Temple are buildings of the Yuan Dynasty, while the sleeping hall, theater and Xuanjianlou are buildings of the Ming Dynasty, while the Xuan and Ertang are buildings of the Qing Dynasty. The Town God Temple was built to worship the God of the Town God, who was the god who guarded the city in ancient myths and legends. Chenghuang Temple covers an area of12,229 square meters, with a building area of 5 175.03 square meters. The longitudinal axis is 408 meters long. From south to north, there are buildings such as Liulongbi, Hong Men, Wooden Pailou, Shipailou, Shanmen, Chonglou (Xuanjian Building), Theater, Lounge, nave, Bedroom, East-West Annex Hall, Gallery Room, etc. Tiantai Temple Tiantai Temple is located on the altar-shaped isolated mountain at the entrance of Wangqu Village in the north of Pingshun County. Tiantai Temple is a Buddhist temple with a small scale, with Zhanghe River in the west and countless farmhouses in the east, south and north, with beautiful scenery and excellent scenery. Tiantai Temple was founded in the Tang Dynasty, and there is a Tang monument in the east of the courtyard, and the handwriting is illegible. The plane of the Buddhist temple is nearly square, with three rooms wide and three rooms deep. The front and side light rooms are too big, and the second room is only half of the light room, which is very rare in the existing early buildings in China. On all sides of the eaves column, there is a simple tile with a single eaves, and the glazed beast rests on the top of the mountain, and the column is covered with columns. The roof slopes gently, spreading its wings and flying, reflecting the architectural style of the Tang Dynasty. Dayunyuan Dayunyuan was originally named Xianyan Temple, surrounded by peaks 25 kilometers north of Pingshun County, and was founded in the third year of Wudian Tianfu (938). The main building, the Great Buddha Hall, is a relic of the Five Dynasties, which is magnificent. Five generations of murals in the temple, 2 1 square meter. There are still a mountain gate, a heavenly king hall, a back hall and two temples in the temple, all of which are buildings of the Qing Dynasty. There is water in front of the temple, with beautiful scenery and cliffs outside. It lists more than 20 caves, which are said to be the place where the general Ma of the Tang Dynasty stationed his troops. Now it is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Shi Hui Village is 23 kilometers away from Pingshun County, and was called xinfeng village in ancient times. The beautiful mountains and rivers and charming scenery here are a good place for people to visit. There is a poem praising: "xinfeng village is three miles long, and one mile is Kannonji. Seventy-two serial caves, seven halls, eight temples and nine lions squatting. Dragon Dance Pearl Dayun College. The mountains are intoxicating. " Today, these three Kannonji have collapsed with the passage of time. Seventy-two serial caves are said to be Ma Chao's refuge in the Three Kingdoms period, and the remains are faintly visible. As for the ladder, ladder, seven halls, eight halls and nine lions, most of them have been damaged with the vicissitudes of time. Only Dayunyuan at the foot of Longer Mountain is still well preserved. Walk two or three miles along the winding mountain road in the northeast of the village, and the undulating longer mountain will rush to the tourists' eyes. Amazingly, the nine branches of Longer Mountain are very similar to nine dragons, surrounded by three sides, forming an almost closed circle. In the middle of the circle, there is a huge hill, like a huge treasure. Dayunyuan is located at the foot of this "Zhu Bao" mountain. The ancient literati called this form of winning beauty "the Pearl of the Dragon Opera Dayun Academy". Dayunyuan was founded in the third year of Wudian Tianfu (AD 938), formerly known as "Xianyan Temple". Dafu completed the Great Buddha Hall in five years. At the end of the Zhou Dynasty, in the first year of Xiande (AD 954), seven pagodas were built outside the temple. This tower is exquisitely sculpted, exquisitely carved and original. By the first year of Stegosaurus in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 960), there were over 100 halls. In the eighth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 983), the existing main structure of Dayunyuan Temple was changed by the emperor, called Dayunyuan, with a single eaves, nine ridges and ten animals resting on the top of the mountain, covered with colored glass columns, five arches and three cornices, six rafters wide, nearly square projection plane, gentle roof slope, simple shape and tang style. Universiade is one of the nine five-generation wooden buildings in China. The murals of the Five Dynasties in the Great Buddha Hall are rare masterpieces among the ancient murals in China. 1988, which was announced by the State Council as a national key protected cultural relic. There is a 2l square meter mural of the Five Dynasties in the Great Buddha Hall, and the Vimalakīrti Sutra is painted on the Dongshan wall. After Monotto fell ill at home, Sakyamuni sent Manjusri to visit him. In the hospital bed, Vimalakīrti, dressed in a pale yellow gown, leaned forward with solemn and passionate expression, telling Manjusri about his Mahayana proposition. Manjusri, who came to visit, sat opposite the Weimo dialect under ten beds, with a sincere face, all ears and thoughtful thoughts. The background of the picture is set off by characters. Many people, such as Todo Loki, Bodhisattva Ji Xiang, Heavenly King and Lohan, have rich characters and different expressions, all of which are centered on the characters in the first ten pictures, echoing each other from afar and integrated into one mass. At the top of the picture, the sky returns to Xiang, purple fog fills the air, and the goddess is scattered and ready to go. There is Guanyin on the left side of the main door wall, and the general trend is on the right side. The two Bodhisattvas are bare-chested and bare-bellied, dignified and elegant. The back of the fan wall is painted with "Western Pure Land Change". At the top of the picture, all the bodhisattvas and servants are talking to each other. During this time, the Lord respected Yin and his servants. At the bottom of the picture are eight musicians who are singing and dancing, playing flutes and cymbals, wearing long skirts with wide sleeves, dancing in a circle, charming and charming. Five generations of colored sculptures are preserved on the arch wall and diaphragm forehead, solemn and solemn, and the colors are simple and elegant. The five-generation murals of Renyunyuan inherited the style of the late Tang Dynasty. Both men and women are rich and beautiful, open-minded and distinguished. On the mountain tens of meters high to the south of Dayunyuan, there is a floating seven towers with a blue stone carving road on it. This is a relic of the Five Dynasties. It used to be level seven, but now it's level five. The tower foundation is octagonal, and the basin covers the petal base of the lotus pond. On the first floor, auspicious animals such as flying horse, lion, unicorn and bear black are carved on the waist, which is lifelike. On the second floor of the corset, several geisha musicians are carving and dancing. There is a door on the front of the third floor, and the top of the door is a double dragon pearl, which is lifelike; On the west side of the gate stood two heavenly kings with solemn expressions; Around the corner, dragons and snakes hover, which makes people marvel at the artistic skill of the ancients. On the fourth floor, the carved tabernacle hangs low, with fake doors on the front and back, and on the fifth floor, the carved moire circle is covered with balls. The whole tower is beautiful in shape and thin in legs, which is a rare masterpiece of stone carving. There are 72 serial caves on the earth cliff south of Dayunyuan 100 meters, which is said to be the refuge of Ma Chao in the Three Kingdoms. In addition, around the academy, you can also see many historical sites, such as the bridge and the horse cemetery in the Tang Dynasty. They set each other off with Renyunyuan, forming a group of beautiful cultural relics landscape. Faxing Temple is 20 kilometers southeast of Zhangzi County, and there is a Linz with an altitude of1160m. There is a famous Faxing Temple in the mountains, which was built in the first year of Hou Wei Shending (Lulong Year in Hou Liang) (AD 40 1). It is said that a monk visited Linz that year and liked the Buddhist scenery here very much, so he built this Linz temple on the mountain. In the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Gaozong, Li Zhi went to Taiyuan from Kaifeng. On the way, he visited Linz Temple, changed it into Guangsheng Temple and gave it two peony flowers. During the reign of Song Yingzong Zhiping, Emperor Zhao Shu changed Guangsheng Temple to "Faxing Temple". Faxing Temple is in disrepair, and its location is the main mining area of Cilinshan Coal Mine. At the end of 1970s, cracks appeared on the ground of the temple foundation, the temple tilted and the courtyard wall was deformed, which was in danger of collapse. After repeated investigations and studies by the county, city and province to the central cultural relics department, it was confirmed that the original site of the Northern Wei Dynasty building could not be repaired, and it was decided to move the Faxing Temple to the opposite Cuiyun Mountain. In the east, opposite to the towering Linz Mountain, is Cuiyun Mountain, and in the north, is Danzhu Ridge Screen with green hills. Tailuo Highway intersects with Jiao (Left)-Tai (Yuan) Railway like a silver belt. At the foot of Dongshan Mountain, the clear and lively Dan River flows all the year round. The mountain breeze is blowing gently, the pines are blowing, the white clouds are fluttering, and it is refreshing to enter Sichuan like a fairyland. The relocation of Faxing Temple started at 1980 and has been basically completed. The newly-built temple is located at the southern foot of Cuiyun Mountain, covering an area of 60 mu, which is six times the area of the original temple. The newly-built parking lot in front of the temple is integrated with Cuizhuang Village at the foot of the mountain. Two cypress trees were cleverly reserved at the entrance, standing on the hillside and extending forward. Like welcoming pines in Huangshan Mountain, they greet tourists with their evergreen. Benches under weeping willows around the parking lot provide a cool rest for tourists. Climb 60 stone steps from the parking midfield to the mountain gate. This door belongs to the transformation part. The plane layout of the original site of Faxing Temple was set in the Tang Dynasty, and it was repaired and built many times in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, which lasted for thirteen years in the Qing Dynasty. But in the long history, it was often damaged, and the mountain gate disappeared in an unknown year. "After the founding of Wei Jianxiu, Datang completed the construction and renewal in the summer. This is a true portrayal of the vicissitudes of Faxing Temple. The newly-built mountain gate was rebuilt according to the size of the site. After entering the mountain gate, the Guandi Hall and the Galá n Hall stand symmetrically on the east and west sides. There are three Guandi halls, from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They are dedicated to Guan Di, and the Temple of Galapagos is a new building. Passing through the two halls, on the central axis is the stupa. This tower plays an extremely important role in the development history of Faxing Temple. According to records, Li, the thirteenth son of Tang Xianheng in the fourth year (AD 673), visited Faxing Temple when he was doing History of Luzhou. When he saw the magnificent scenery here, he generously expanded it and personally presided over the construction of this stone tower. I dedicated my 37 relics and Tibetan scriptures to the temple and kept them in this stone pagoda. Despite thousands of years of wind and rain, the stone pagoda he presided over was still intact. The pagoda looks like a pagoda and a temple, which is unique among the existing ancient pagodas in China. When the stupa was completed, it coincided with the heyday of Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty. King Hui of Zheng had a profound influence on cultural relics and the Tripitaka. Later generations called this place a blessed land, which brought prosperity to Faxing Temple. Behind the stupa, there is a burning lighthouse in front of the lobby. The pillar of the burning lighthouse is engraved with the phrase "Dong Xixuan, a believer in the eight years of Tang Dali, built an ever-burning lamp in this temple", so people call it the ever-burning lamp in stone carving. There are only three stone lighthouses in China in the Tang Dynasty. Faxing Temple is the most beautifully carved and well-preserved temple, known as the treasure house of ancient stone carvings, also known as Jue Yuan Hall, and the largest building in the temple. It was built in the third year of Song Yuanfeng (AD 1066). The temple is about 8 meters high, and the stone door frame, window sash and skeleton are all supported by stone pillars and wooden columns. Arch hypertrophy, cornices, extraordinary momentum, magnificent. At the top are six rafters hanging from the top of the mountain, with five ridges and six beasts. Most of the Buddha statues in the Temple 18 are clay sculptures of the Song Dynasty. In the temple, a concave Buddha platform was built with stones. Siddhattha gotama in the middle is about 3 meters high and sits on a square lotus platform. On the left are manjusri bodhisattva and samantabhadra bodhisattva. Two protectors of Taiqian substation, King Kong. Guanyin in the South China Sea sits with his back to siddhattha gotama. There are 12 round statues standing on both sides of the wall, or naked, or naked, with round face, high bun and beautiful girl, solemn and elegant expression, soft clothing color, smooth and rhythmic clothing patterns. In particular, the round image of thinking with one hand holding the chin, the expression overflows from the brow and flows in the corner of the eye, which is beautiful and realistic.