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Enter the Forest Village in Guizhou Province-Dazhu

In the past, I often heard literary friends, photographers and colleagues talking about Dazhu. They all praised its high forest coverage, profound cultural heritage, good ecological and cultural environment, and it is a natural oxygen bar and a good place for people to rest and recuperate. , a paradise to cultivate one’s sentiments and escape the summer heat.

Data show: Dazhu Village in Wuchuan County, Guizhou Province is more than 1,000 meters above sea level, covers an area of ??22.8 square kilometers, and is home to more than 700 households with more than 3,600 people. The village has a forest area of ??more than 30,000 acres, and a forest coverage rate of 86 , including nearly 20,000 acres of sunflower pine, more than 3,500 acres of tea, and more than 4,000 acres of spiny bamboo.

I heard people say it is so good and the information looks very attractive, so I can’t help but have the urge to take a look. On May 27, the trip finally took place.

At 9 o'clock in the morning, we took the car for more than 40 minutes and finally arrived at the intersection of Huangdu and Silk Mian. The driver pointed to the winding mountain road leading to Silk Mian and said: "This road has many twists and turns. Ping is Dazhu. Look at the mountains on both sides of the road. There are sunflower pines that are dozens of years old. "

When you reach the top of the mountain, there is another fork in the road. The sign on the left says "Silk." Mian, the sign on the right side of the road says Dazhu. The sign Dazhu refers to Dazhu Natural Village, which is now the core area of ??Dazhu Village.

The mountains on both sides of the road to Dazhu Natural Village are not very high. Each mountain is full of neat trees. These trees are mainly pine and fir. There are also a small number of houses, fields and roads at the foot of the mountain. Looming in the forest.

Along the road on the right, we turned right whenever there was a fork in the road, followed the curved cement road, passed through dense forests one after another, and finally arrived at Dazhu Natural Village. The gate of the village is a tall stone wall with two antique characters "Dazhu" hanging on it.

Dazhu Natural Village, known locally as Dazhu Garden, is located on a large mountain with a length and width of about 2 kilometers. It is high and low on all sides. It has fertile land and dense forests. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, the ancestors of the Zhang family began to live and work here. .

Today, there are more than 60 households in Dazhu Natural Village, living in two small places called Qiankouwan and Shijing, with a small hill in between. Most of them are Zhang family members, with only a few Nie and Nie families. Wang, He's surname, every house is surrounded by trees. Except for the unique sounds of poultry in the countryside and the occasional rustling of the wind through the treetops, it is extremely quiet.

The village is surrounded by towering ancient trees and lush forests; in the middle is a mountain pond, which the Dazhu people call Qiankou Pond. With Qiankoutang as the boundary, the village is to the east, and the Zhang family ancestral hall and a small amount of land are to the west. There are some ancient cypress trees around Qiankoutang. Whether viewed from a distance or up close, Dazhu Natural Village is a village in the forest.

Although it is summer, due to the high altitude here, the air is fresh and the breeze is light. Standing on the roadside of the village, the refreshing beauty makes people feel that the worldly worries are gone with the wind. , the mind is at peace.

Zhang Wenhe, the 17th generation descendant of the Zhang family in Dazhu Natural Village, said that most of these trees are trees that grow naturally and are selectively preserved by the masses. Some are also trees that the masses cut down and replant. of.

From the general perspective of the Zhang family, there have been more than 800 households of the Zhang family for 20 generations since the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty. Most of them have moved out because they cannot live in them. Only more than 60 people live in Dazhu Natural Village. household.

The houses in Dazhu Natural Village are all wooden houses. The earliest ones are from the 160s and the latest ones are from the 30s. They are typical residential styles in northern Guizhou. Most of them are four rooms with three rooms, and many houses have main doors. There is a screen ear door about 60 cm outside, also called screen dragon door.

There is a five-room house built in the Qing Dynasty. It has large facing doors on the front, back and left. The door is made of very heavy wooden materials. It is equipped with wing rooms and a racecourse on both sides. Ancestor shrines are enshrined in the hall. The walls of the house are carved with hollow window grilles of various shapes. The walls of the hall are engraved with the words "Fu Lu Shou Xi" and other words. The carving technique is delicate, the window carvings are exquisite in composition, the imagination is strange, and it has a sense of history.

People here pursue a culture of "harmony", care for the ecology, and respect nature. This can be seen not only from the words "harmony", "wei" and "gui" painted on several 110-year-old wooden houses. It can be seen from the large characters and the various paintings of flowers and plants next to it. It can also be seen from the content on the "Tongcan Huayu" stone tablet erected in the Zhang family ancestral hall in the second year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty.

When we came to the Zhang Ancestral Hall, we finally saw the stone tablet "Tongshen Huayu". After carefully identifying it, the content on it was quite clear:

People often say: be a human being We must abide by morality, honor our parents, and live in harmony with our brothers and sisters. We all look forward to the kindness and righteousness in the village. We must be righteous to our neighbors and give way to each other with benevolence. It is the destiny of our neighbors to be of one heart and one mind. If a person does not abide by the family law and makes a mistake, he will be punished if he makes a small mistake, and he will be prosecuted if he makes a big mistake.

1. Those who participate in discussions and quarrel without understanding the matter will not be held accountable by the clan, but those who are aggressive and possessive will be fined 5,000 yuan;

2. Those who set fire to the mountains and forests People who sell firewood must accept a fine of twelve thousand coins;

3. People who sell firewood are not allowed to sell firewood, whether it is their own forest or other people's forests;

4. Herding cattle If a horse is unleashed to harm other people's seedlings, the fine will be three cents for a nest of seedlings; and a fine of four cents for a nest of corn. The fine should be handed over to the ancestral hall and is not allowed to be returned privately;

5. Anyone who reports or catches stealing rice from the fields, grains and vegetables from the mountains will be rewarded with 500 coins, and the person who steals will be tied to the ancestral hall for investigation. Punishment;

6. Those who cut the bark of trees will be fined 2,000 yuan;

7. Cut down their own forests and burn them with fire, and the forests will be filled into the ancestral hall as a collective of mountains and forests.

The tribesmen must strictly abide by the above-mentioned rules. Everyone must clear the weeds in the mountains and forests so that the forests can grow lush. Future generations must follow these rules and achieve harmonious coexistence between people and between people and nature. Making our mountains greener and becoming a land of courtesy and benevolence is what we all hope for.

Leader: Zhang Mingzhen

Patriarch: Zhang Guangxuan

Witnesses: Zhang Yuanzhen, Zhang Xingzhen, Zhang Shoushan, Zhang Hengshan, Zhang Deshan

The second year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty Hitachi on June 24th

The inscription contains many contents related to family management, four of which are related to the protection of mountains and forests: "Those who set fire to the mountains and forests will be fined twelve thousand coins; selling firewood will not matter. The mountain farm that has been forested and not allowed to be sold to others is not allowed to be sold. If you commit the crime for a long time, you will be fined 6,000 coins. If you cut the bark of a tree and commit the crime, you will be fined 2,000 coins. If you cut down the barren mountain and burn it with fire, you will return it to the property and put it in the ancestral hall as a view of the mountain. ”

Zhang Wenhe told us that the 12th generation of Zhang clan members erected this monument. Now, 110 years have passed, and the Zhang clan members have been protecting the forest in accordance with the covenants made by their ancestors. There is the current ecological environment.

In the hearts of villagers, trees are sacred and inviolable. They will worship the tree god and pray for peace during traditional festivals such as New Year's Eve and the Lantern Festival.

The liquidambar tree next to the Zhang Family Ancestral Hall is about 1.5 meters in diameter at breast height and is very strong. It is a towering tree, thousands of years old, with red cloth hanging on it. Zhang Wenhe said that this is their tree god. Every time they worship, they will bring knife-headed meat, three sticks of incense, four glasses of wine, candies, etc. This ceremony is spontaneous for each household.

During a chat with Zhang Wenhe, I learned that there is a reason why the trees in the village are mainly fir and pine. In the late 1950s, in order to fulfill the requirements of its superiors, the Dazhu Township government organized a large-scale steelmaking operation and organized the entire township labor force to cut firewood and make steel. All the miscellaneous trees in the local mountains were cut down, and only important wood species such as fir, pine, and cypress were protected. When we came down, we saw the bare hills everywhere. The villagers were very distressed, so they took the initiative to collect pine seeds on the mountains and plant them on the hills that had been cut down.

"Pine trees are difficult to plant, so pine nuts are buried in the soil and allowed to grow on their own." Zhang Renli, an old party member in his 70s, said that although he was still young at the time, he was very interested in planting pine trees. I remember clearly that at that time, there was a large collective, and there were few ways to work in autumn and winter. Every household went to collect and bury pine seeds, and they did this for several years.

Since the Republic of China, people from the Zhang clan have been working in the township or village, and they have been constantly promoting the Zhang clan’s concept of "Tongchuan Huayu" in the township or village, and have introduced management measures to protect Villagers in each group are required to take turns taking care of the forest environment. If they find someone cutting down trees or animals trampling on saplings, they must report it to the township government, thus promoting the development of forestry in the township.

After the reform and opening up, forest land was decentralized to each household. Everyone had to do their own work and had no time to manage their own forests. The township issued regulations that each household contribute 10 yuan per year. The village hired people to take care of the forest full-time.

Over the past 110 years, under the leadership of the Zhang clan, through continuous "closing the mountain" for afforestation and replanting, the whole village now has 31,000 acres, including nearly 20,000 acres of pine trees. Dazhu Village has won the honorary titles of "Traditional Chinese Village", "Forest Village of Guizhou Province", and "Guizhou Sunflower Pine Mother Seed Picking Base".

Under the leadership of Zhang Wenhe, we also saw ancient pine, cypress, fir, and nanmu trees listed in Huaduo, with thousands of trees with a diameter at breast height of more than 1 meter. Zhang Wenhe said that sunflower pine is also called Hainan five-needled pine. It is a plant of the Pinaceae family. The pine nuts produced are edible, crispy and delicious. Every year around the National Day, during the sunflower pine nut harvesting season, many outsiders come here. The purchase of pine nuts for 30 yuan per catty increased the villagers' income. In addition to pine nuts, the forestry economic income of Dazhu includes thorn bamboo shoots, tea, etc.

On the same day, we also saw the "sun" pattern on the incense in the main room of a house that is more than 160 years old. It is said that it was built by Zhang Daxue, a member of the Zhang clan. He only carved the incense pattern. It took a carver three years to carve it, and the designs included "sun", "three sheep kaitai", "shuangfeng rising to the sun" and other patterns.

Zhang Daxian, Zhang Daxian’s younger brother, lived a few dozen meters across from Zhang Daxian’s house. Seeing that his brother had carved these very good patterns, he also invited a carver to his home to carve them on the incense sticks. The moon is the pattern. But later the house was burned down and it no longer exists.

In a residential house, we also saw a plaque saying "Yongzhang Ke Township", which was a gift from the county magistrate He Wei in the twelfth year of the Republic of China. It is said that during the Republic of China, Dazhu Natural Village was once the seat of the Dazhu Township Office. Zhang Deshan, the ancestor of the twelfth family, served as director. He did an outstanding job and was deeply supported by people. At the same time, he also received high regard from his superiors. He Wei, the county magistrate, personally presented him with a plaque. It is still on display in the main hall of Zhang Xianshu's family.

A one-day trip to Dazhu was very touching. The dense vegetation, fresh air, interdependent mountains and rivers, beautiful scenery, and profound cultural heritage make people linger here! (Photography report by Xuan Guoxiang and Wang Feng)