The original text and translation of Xiao He's Biography of Cao Can, and the original text and translation of Xiao He's Biography of Cao Can.

Explain that this biography narrates Xiao He and Cao Can, two sages in the early Han Dynasty, and regards them as human affairs. Xiao He and Cao Can are both old comrades-in-arms and subordinates of Liu Bang. In the dispute between Chu and Han, Xiao He drew a good plan for Liu Bang, defended Guanzhong, strongly supported the front line and made great contributions. In order to implement the policy of "sharing interest with the people" and stabilize the world. Cao Can made great contributions to the dispute between Chu and Han. Following Xiao He's persistence in each other, he has the reputation of "following the rules". Xiao He, Sean and Han Xin are three famous heroes in the early Han Dynasty. They have their own strengths and achievements. After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, he asked his ministers to discuss merits, and there were different opinions. Liu Bang won the first prize with the help of Xiao He, and impressed everyone. Sima Qian and Ban Gu were interested in this, and later historians also had differences. The key to different views lies in different positions. Historical Records divides Xiao He and Cao Can into two families. Hanshu combined them into a biography; Supplement Xiao He's suggestion, persuade Hanwang to support the people with morality, accept Bashu, and decide Sanqin to benefit the world to show Xiao He's extraordinary achievements; At the end of Biography, the theory that "the world was founded because of the people's diseases, and the law of Qin dynasty went downstream to start a new stove, and the two were integrated, so it was born in the sea" is an important summary of historical experience.

Xiao He, Pei Renye (1). Taking the text as the main official (2). When Gaozu was dressed, several officials protected Gaozu. High-impedance is the director of the pavilion, and he is always a friend. Gaozu used officials to pay tribute to Xianyang, and all officials gave (paid) three (3) yuan. Why only five (4)? People who supervise counties (5) and people who are engaged in discrimination (6) in the History of Qin Empire. He Nai gave the History of Surabaya Volume VII and Volume VIII. Qin wants to sign what he said, and he consults (9), so he can't do it.

(1) Pei: county name. Pei county, Jiangsu province today. (2) Words are harmless: it means that mastering laws and regulations will not cause deep harm to people. Chief officer: a subordinate official of a county magistrate. (3) Giving money 3: It means that three-tenths of the money given away is a gift. Feng: Same as "Feng". (4) Five: Five tenths of the salary is the standard. (5) Duxian: Duxian. (6) engaged in: the official of the imperial history. (7) Surabaya: county name. Zhixiang County (west of Huaibei City, Anhui Province). History of death: petty officials. (8) First, it means that the assessment result is the best. (9) Firm invitation: the intention to refuse resolutely.

Since Gao Zu became Pei Gong, it was (1). Pei Gong went to Xianyang, and generals from all walks of life won the share of gold, silk and property. Why didn't you accept the imperial edict of Prime Minister Qin first? (2) Pei knows the world, how many registered permanent residence, strength, people's sufferings, how to get Qin Shu?

(1) Cheng: official name. Official assistance (2) Prime Minister's suggestion: it refers to the Prime Minister's Office and the Imperial Doctor's Office.

At the beginning, the governors made an agreement with each other, Wang, who would enter the customs first to break the Qin Dynasty. Because Pei Gong decided Qin first, then Xiang Yu, he wanted to attack Pei Gong, so Pei Gong thanked him (1). Sui Yu slaughtered Xianyang and made an agreement with Fan Zeng: "Bashu Road is dangerous, and everyone who moved from Qin lived in Shu." Nai said, "Shu Han is also in Guanzhong." Therefore, Pei Gong was appointed as Hanwang, and Qin Wang will share the world with Hanwang. Hanwang was angry and wanted to attack Xiang Yu. Frequency, Guan Ying and Fan Kuai all advised him. What advice did they give? "Although Wang Hanzhong's evil is more terrible than death?" Hanwang said, "What is death?" He Yue said: "Many people are like this today, and they have suffered many defeats. What are they if they don't die? " "Zhou Shu said," God won't take it, but it will be blamed ". "Tian Han" ④ This sentence is very beautiful. A husband can bow to a person, but a man who believes (extends) more than ten thousand percent is Tang Wu. I hope your Majesty Wang Hanzhong. Raise its people, make them enter the country, use Bashu, and set Sanqin, which will benefit the world. "Hanwang said," Good. " So he went to the countryside as prime minister. Blades Han Xin (5). Hanwang thought it was a general and said that Hanwang ordered troops to settle in Sanqin. Words spread by letter.

(1) Xie Zhide's solution: It is said that reconciliation can only be achieved by apologizing to him. (2) the more: victory. (3) blame: disaster. (4) Tian Han: A big river. (5) gold: the meaning of recommendation.

Why did the Prime Minister defend Bashu, fill (town) and ask him to raise the army? In the second year of Hanwang, Hanwang and the princes attacked Chu, defended Guanzhong, served the prince and ruled Liyang (1). In order to restrain (2), it is allowed to set up ancestral halls, prefectures, palaces, counties and cities to engage in (3); That is to say, if you can't play, do it cheaply. Come up and smell it (4). When the households turned to the army, Hanwang lost several troops and fled. Why did he promote the Guanzhong pawn to fill the vacancy? In this way, it is exclusive to any Guanzhong matter.

(1) dongyang: county name. In the northeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. (2) Preface: Historical Records is "for the law" and has a clear meaning. (3) Allow them to engage in: that is, allow them to play and act according to their own meaning. (4) smell it: it means to report what you have done. (5) xing: sign.

In the third year of Han Dynasty, Xiang Yu left Beijing, Suo Jian (1), and many envoys were sent to the Prime Minister (2). Baosheng said to him, "Today, the king is naked, and people who work for him are suspicious of him. For your sake, if you send Sun Kundi, a gentleman who can defeat the army, you will know the army and believe you. " So what to do, Hanwang said (yue).

(1) Jing: county name. In the south of Xingyang City, Henan Province today. Suo: The name of the city. In today's Xingyang County, Henan Province. (2) hard work: ease. (3) Winning soldiers: I can be a soldier.

In the fifth year of the Han Dynasty, Xiang Yu was killed, that is, the emperor's throne was sealed, and the ministers competed for merit. They can't decide what merits are the most prosperous in the world. The first title is Hou (1), and there are 8,000 food cities. The heroes all said, "I (clothing) soldiers (2), many of them fought hundreds of battles, and few of them fought dozens of battles, attacking the city slightly, with different sizes." Today, Xiao He has no sweat horse, but only talks about pen and ink, and others go to (3) without fighting. Why? " He said, "Do you know anything about hunting?" Say, "I know." "Do you know anything about hunting dogs?" Say, "I know." Confucius said, "If a man hunts a beast, he is a dog; if he gives orders to the beast, he is a man. Today, you can walk like a wild animal, you are a dog (4); To such as Xiao He, longitudinal (trace) instructions, people also (5). And you follow me alone, and there are more than three businessmen; Xiao He dozens of people with me, for example, also! ? I dare not say anything after that.

(1): county name. In the southeast of Xun County, Hubei Province. (2) Hold the soldiers firmly: wear armor and hold weapons. 3 Gu: Jude. (4) Kung Fu dog: refers to the merits of hunting dogs. (5) Meritorious person: refers to the meritorious person who commands hunting.

Cao Can, the Hou of Pingyang, was attacked by 70 people, who made the greatest contribution and deserved the first place. In the world, I have scratched many heroes (1), but I have never recovered from the predicament, but I want to be the first. In autumn, when Hou E was a courtier (II) in Shanhaiguan, she said, "The ministers' comments are all wrong. Although her husband Cao Can has made great achievements in the field of field strategy, it is only temporary. Husband and Chu are separated by five years (rejected), and the number of fugitives is counted (3). However, Xiao He often sent troops from Guanzhong to make up for it, which was not called by imperial edict, but counted the number of people missing at the meeting. Fu Han and Chu stayed in Xingyang for several years, but the army did not see (today) grain (4), and Xiao He switched to it, and there was no shortage of food. Although your majesty died in Shandong, Xiao He has been treating your majesty in Guanzhong, which is a great achievement. Today, although there are not hundreds of people like this, why do we lack Korea? You don't have to wait for the whole process. Dear, why do you want to add eternal work to the past? Xiao He is the first, followed by Cao Can. " Above: "Good. "So, what is the first order? Gave me a sword to go to the temple (5) instead of going to North Korea (6). The master said, "I heard that Jin Xian has a reward. Although Xiao He's merits are high, it is also wise to treat Hubei Jun. "Therefore, in the autumn of Hubei, there were 2,000 households in Houyi, which was named Anping Hou. That day, I learned that there were more than ten parents and brothers, all from the food city. Beneficial seal two thousand households, "taste Xianyang, how can you just win money for me? ".

(1) Radial direction: curved field. This is the meaning of injustice. (2) Guan Neihou: the name of Qin Jue. 19. (3) Jump: Get out of the combination of intellectuals. (4) No cash: it means lack of food. (5) Give the sword to the temple: In ancient times, when you went to the temple to see the emperor, you had to untie your sword and take off your shoes. It is a special privilege to bring the sword to the temple. (6) Don't go: Don't bend over and go. (7) Win: Jude.

Chen rebelled and went to Handan. While Han Xin rebelled against Guanzhong, what tricks did Lv Hou use to punish Xin? Words spread by letter. I heard that the letter has been written, and the Prime Minister has been appointed as the Prime Minister, 5,000 households have been sealed, and a captain of 500 people has been appointed as the Prime Minister's Guardian (1). Congratulations, gentlemen. It is called Ping Dugua (2). Therefore, Zhao Ping is the mausoleum of the Eastern Qin Dynasty. The Qin Dynasty was broken. For the sake of cloth and poverty, melons were planted in the east of Chang 'an. They were beautiful, so they were called "Dongling melons" from Zhaoping. Ping said: "The disaster began. Exposed to the outside, and the monarch stays inside, it is not difficult to be at a loss. However, those who benefit the monarch to seal the guard and take Huaiyin as the new counter-China (3) have doubts about the monarch. Husband didn't buy Wei to spoil him. I hope you don't accept the national seal, because you know you will support the army with furniture and money. " How to follow its plan is theoretically (yue).

(1) W: Escort. (2) hanging: mourning, which means sadness here. (4) Huaiyin: refers to Han Xin and Huaiyin Hou.

In autumn, Qing Bu rebelled. Since that attack, several envoys asked the Prime Minister what it was. He said: "In order to join the army, we should encourage the people (1) to know all the auxiliary forces (2), just as Chen Ke did." The guest went on to say, "You will be wiped out soon. Husband is the prime minister, work first, can't add. However, when you first entered the customs, you won the hearts of the people for more than ten years. Are attached to the monarch, but also diligent in netting the people (3). In the world, the so-called number of people ask you, but you dare not lean into it. You don't buy much land today, so you pollute yourself cheaply (4)? Be careful. " So how to follow its plan, the top big said (yue).

(1) Xun: Comfort and encouragement. (2) Do whatever it takes: it refers to the use of all materials. (3) Hu: (4): Credit, begging. Self-pollution: Call yourself notorious.

When the troops were deployed, Renmin Road was built (1), and it was written that the national strength bought thousands of adobe houses at a low price. From the top, He Yi. Laugh at him and say, "Today's country and the people (II)!" What books are written by the people? They said, "Thank the people yourself." Later, He Weimin asked, "Chang 'an is a narrow place, and there are many empty places in the forest. Abandon (5), let people enter the field (6), and don't accept the manuscript as animal food (7). " He said angrily, "I have received a lot of Jia people's property and invited me to visit the garden!" "It's summer, responsible for mechanical He Tingwei. A few days later, Wang Weiwei attended (9) and asked, "Your Majesty is guilty of Huda, Prime Minister? "The master said," I heard that Li Si fell in love with Qin Shihuang (10), and that good belongs to the Lord and evil to himself. Now the Prime Minister has received a lot of money from Jia Shu in order to invite me to the garden and flatter the people. So, ruling. " Wang Weiwei said, "If it's convenient, please ask. This is really a matter for the Prime Minister. Why does your majesty doubt accepting money from Jia people? And your majesty has been away from Chu for several years. When Chen Ke and Qing Bu went against the times, Your Majesty was leaving. At that time, the Prime Minister will guard the Guanzhong and the Guanzhong will be shaken, and Kansai will be your majesty (1 1). Guo Xiang did not benefit at this time, but is it the gold of the Li people? Besides, Qin doesn't know that it has passed the world, and Li Si has passed (12). What can we do? Why does your majesty doubt the shallowness of the prime minister? "Don't choose (13). It is this day, so that the festival can be forgiven. How old, still respectful and grateful (14). The master said, "Guo Xiang is over! Guo Xiang is for the people, please don't ask about my garden. I'm just a master, and Guo Xiang is a saint. I am a relative country, and I hope people know me. "

(1) Road blocking: Road blocking. (2) Benefiting the people: that is, benefiting the people. (3) Xie: This means an apology. (4) Shanglin: Shanglin Garden. (5) Abandonment: the meaning of desolation. (6) field: refers to farming. (7) Draft: straw. (8) Jia people: businessmen. Wang Weiwei: Wang Weiwei, I don't know his name. (10) Qin Shihuang: Qin Shihuang. (1 1) Shaking feet: the meaning of change. (12) Overpass: Share the fault. (13) Yi: Joy. (14) Disciple: Barefoot means confession.

Why should the emperor benefit from the collapse of Gaozu? What happened? I personally saw what was going on and asked, "You are one hundred years old (1). Who can replace you?" Yes, I said, "knowing a minister is like being a host." The emperor said, "What about Cao Can?" He Dunxian said, "The emperor has it. Why not hate it (2)! "

(1) Centennial: Death. Fear of death. (2) Hate: This means regret.

People who buy farmhouses will live in poor places and will not manage their homes (1). Yue: "make future generations wise and learn from me to be frugal;" If you are not virtuous, you will be taken away by the powerful family. "

Wu Yuan: The wall.

After two years of filial piety, why did you die? Children are heirs, but there are no children. Gao Hou named Mrs. He as the same Hou, and Xiao Ziyan established Yang Hou (1). In the first year of filial piety, the agreement was reached, and it was postponed. You are the heir. I have no children. Wendi's brother is his heir, and he is exempt from punishment. In the second year of Emperor Jingdi, he wrote an imperial edict: "Therefore, Xiao He, the Prime Minister, was a great hero to the emperor and did what the world did (II). I feel sorry for it now. It is based on 2,000 households in Wuyang County, with He Sun Jia as the pillar. " Jia, Zedi also. If the son wins the inheritance, he will be exempted from sin. At the inauguration ceremony of Emperor Wudi in the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty, he wrote a new imperial edict: "Let the world know that I want to repay Xiao De." Celebrate, then the child is also. Autumn, the son of longevity becomes the heir, often sitting but not thin (5). When the emperor proclaimed himself emperor, he ordered the Prime Minister to ask the younger successor, and got twelve people, including the great-grandson Jane's, and then ordered the household department to be feudal for more than 2,000 generations. Pass on the son to Sun Huo, and talk about making slaves kill people to reduce the death penalty. When he became emperor, Nan Changxi, the son of He Xuansun, was restored as Hou (6). Pass on your son to your great-grandson, and Wang Mang will be defeated.

(1) Zhuyang: County name. In today's Gucheng, Hubei. (2) for: the meaning of management. (3) Wuyang County: east of pengshan county, Sichuan. (4) Yuan Shou: the year number of Emperor Wu (former 122- former 1 17). (5) Taichang: official name. Zhang Zong temple etiquette. Sacrifice: sacrificial cattle and sheep, etc. (6) Nan Changxi: Xiao, Nan County (north of Julu County, Hebei Province) county order.

Cao Can, Pei Ren also. In Qin Dynasty, he was a prison officer (1), Xiao He was the chief officer, and the nobles lived in the county (2). High-impedance is Pei Gong, and Zhong Juancong. Attack Yu Fang Hu Ling (4), attack Qin Jian Simon (5), and then smash it. East to Xue (6), attack Surabaya Shoujiang Xue Guoxi (7). Attack Hu Ling again and take it. Defend the party and. Party and Wei (8), hit it. Feng turned to attack Wei. Awarded the title of seven doctors (10). Strike Sima Xinjun in the north (1 1), take and be neat (12). He captured the west of the city (13) and reached Yuzhou (14), defeating General Qin (15). Attack Yuan Qi and Camfrog first (16). Move to the Five Heroes (17). Save Dong 'a in the north (18), attack the army, fall into Chen (array), and chase it to Puyang (19). Attack Dingtao (20) and take Lin Ji (2 1). South rescue (22), strike (23), break it, kill Li You, and capture the marquis of Qin (24). Zhang Han defeated Xiang Liang, and Pei Gong and Xiang Yu led the troops eastward. Chu Huaiwang appointed Pei Gong as the prefect of the Party and County, and sent troops to the Party and County. Therefore, it was named Cheng Jianjun (26). (27) moved to qigong and belonged to the party and county.

(1) prison: the petty official in charge of the prison. (2) Li Hao: an official with certain status and prestige. (3) Zhong Juan: the minister of the attendants. (4) Hu Ling: county name. In the southeast of Yutai County, Shandong Province. Party: county name. In the west of Yutai County, Shandong Province. (5) Dugong: Dugong surabaya county's surname is Ping, and "Gong" is your respectful name. Refer to Gao Di Ji and Xiahou Ying Biography. (6) Xue: County name. In the northeast of Weishan County, Shandong Province. (7) Surabaya: county name. Zhihu County (in the west of Huaibei City, Anhui Province). Garrison: an army led by a county magistrate. (8) Wei: refers to the blame at the end of the Qin Dynasty. (9) Feng: the name of the city. In today's Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province. (10) Doctor VII: Qin Jue, seventh grade. (1 1) Sima Xin: Qin Jiang, then Xiang Yu. When: county name. In Dangshan County, Anhui Province. (12) father fox: city name. In the south of Dangshan County, Anhui Province. Qi: City name. In the northwest of Dangshan County, Anhui Province. Good place: the name of the station belongs to Qi. (13) Xiayi: county name. In the east of Dangshan County, Anhui Province. (14) in: county name. In the north of Yucheng County, Henan Province. (15): General of Qin State, then surrendered to Xiang Yu. (16) Yuan Qi: The Historical Records called "Aiqi", the county name. In the south of Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province. Kangfu: County name. In the south of Jining City, Shandong Province today. (17) Doctor Five: Qin Jue, fifth grade. (18) Dong 'e: city name. In Acheng Town, northeast of yanggu county. (19) Puyang: county name. In the southwest of Puyang County, Henan Province. (20) Dingtao: county name. In the northwest of Dingtao County, Shandong Province. (2 1) Lin Ji: county name. East of fengqiu county, Henan Province. (22) Qiu Yong: county name. In today's Qixian County, Henan Province. (23) Li You: leader of Qin Sanchuan, son of Li Si. (24) Hou: that is, the military Hou, the name of Wu Zhi. (25) Dangshan County: Dangshan County is under the jurisdiction of the county (in the south of Dangshan County, Anhui Province). (26) Holding silks: the title of Chu in the Warring States Period. (27): Qixian County Decree.

Later, he attacked Dong Jun Wei Jun (1) and broke it into Wu Nan. Strike the king to leave the army and become Yang Nan, and then attack Barry (3) and break it. Chasing in the north (4), reaching Kaifeng in the west (5), attacking Zhao Benjun (6), breaking it and encircling Zhao Benkai City. Yang, the general of the Western Expedition Qin State, fought against Qu Yu, defeated Qin Jun, and captured Qin Sima He alive. Move to hold (9). Attack from the west (10), Xia Yuanyuan and Gou (1 1), and cut off Hejin (12). Hit Zhao Zejun's corpse north (13) and break it. Attack from the south (14), then attack the corner square wall hole in Nanyang (15), fall into Chen (array), seize Wan (16), and capture Nanyang County. Attack Wuguan and Woguan from the west (17) and take them down. Qin Jun Lantian South (18) attacked, and its northern army attacked at night, causing great destruction, and then went to Xianyang and Qin.

(1) Dong Jun: Puyang (southwest of Puyang County, Henan Province) is under the jurisdiction of the county. County commandant: County commandant. (2) Wang Li: Qin Jiang, grandson of Wang Jian. Chengyang: County name. Northeast of Heze, Shandong Province today. (3) Barley: the name of the city. The location is unknown. (4) Chasing the North: Chasing the defeated army. (5) Kaifeng: county name. In the south of Kaifeng City, Henan Province today. (6) Zhao Ben (bēn): Qin Jiang. (7) Quyu: city name. In today's western zhongmou county, Henan. (8) Sima: Wu Zhi. Imperial history: official name. Supervisor picket. (9) One: The highest title of Chu in the Warring States Period. (10) Wu Yang: county name. In today's southeast of Yuanyang County, Henan Province. (1 1)ㄔ: city name. In the southeast of Yanshi County, Henan Province. Gou (g): county name. In today's southeast of Yanshi County, Henan Province. (12) Hejin: Yellow River Ferry. This refers to Pingyin Tianjin, in the east of Mengjin County, Henan Province. (13) corpse: corpse town. In today's western Yanshi County, Henan Province. (14)(chóu): county name. In the southwest of Pingdingshan City, Henan Province. (15) Nanyang: county name. Wan Zhi County (in Nanyang City, Henan Province). (Chi): Lu Geng,No. Q Fang, from Fangcheng County, Henan Province. (16) ten thousand: county name, in Nanyang city, Henan province today. (17) Wuguan: Guanming, in the southeast of Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province. I pass: also known as Lantian Pass. In today's southeast of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province. (18) Lantian: county name. In the west of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province.

Xiang Yu arrived and took Pei Gong as Hanwang. Hanwang's participation was completed. From Hanzhong (1), move the general. From the re-establishment of Sanqin (2), the attack of the old road, harmony, (3). Strike (4) in Haonan, break it, encircle Q, and borrow the earth (5). Strike three loam east of Qin Jun and high oak (6) and break it. After Zhangping is surrounded, Pingping will be fine. Break Zhao Ben and Neishi Baojun (7). Take Xianyang in the east and change its name to Xincheng. On the 23rd (8th), the soldiers were guarding Jingling, and the Sanqin made Zhang and others attack the soldiers, attacking them and breaking them. Qin Ning Xichuan Food City (9). Surround the abandoned hills in Zhang Han with generals (10); Take the lieutenant from Hanwang to Linjinguan (1 1). Go to Hanoi (12), repair Wu (13) in the lower part, supervise the foreign Jin (14), attack Longche and Xiang Tuo Dingtao in the east, and break it. Take Dong (16) Chang, Xiao and Peng Cheng. Hit the army hard, and the Han army was defeated. Join the lieutenant and surround Qiu Yong. Fighting against Waihuang (17); Fight against Cheng Chu (18). Hit it, break it. Zhu Tianhou rebelled against Yan State (19) and invaded Yan State. Kill Yuwa in Kunyang (20) and chase Ye (2 1). And attack wuqiang (22), because Xingyang (23). He once participated in the Hanzhong Battle as the general's lieutenant, rose up and attacked the vassals and Wang Xiang, losing ground one after another, and went to Xingyang (24).

(1) Hanzhong: county name. Governing Nanzheng (in the east of Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province). (2) Sanqin refers to the three kingdoms of Yong, Sai and Zhai that Xiang Yu was enfeoffed in Guanzhong area. (3) Next logo: county name. In the northwest of Cheng County, Gansu Province. Old road: county name. In today's Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. Yong: County name. In the south of Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province. (tái): county name. In the west of Wugong County, Shaanxi Province today. 4 good (governance): county name. In the east of Ganxian County, Shaanxi Province. (5) Concession township: the name of the township. In the southwest of Wugong County, Shaanxi Province. (6) Tall oak: the name of the town. Near Jean Town. (7) civil history: correcting the name. This is the internal history of Yong State. Bao: Name. (8) Jingling: It is said to be the name of the county, and its location is unknown. (9) Qin Ning: Gao Han changed his name to Huayin in the eighth year, with the county name. In the east of Huayin County, Shaanxi Province. (10) Abandoned hill: county name. In the southeast of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province. (1 1) Linjinguan: also known as Pujinguan. In today's Dali County, Shaanxi Province, on the east and west sides of the Yellow River. (12) Hanoi: regional name. In today's Henan province, north of the Yellow River, Henan, Hebei and Shanxi provinces are connected. (13) Xiuwu: county name. In today's Huojia County, Henan Province. (14) Weijin, also known as Baimajin, is located in the northeast of hua county. (15) Long Qie (jū): Qi, Ministry of Xiang Yu. (16) Xiao: county name. In today's northwest of Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province. Pengcheng: County name. In today's Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province. (17) Wu Wang: Hanjiang Waihuang: County name. In today's southeast of lankao county, Henan. (18) Cheng Chu: Han Jiang. Yan: County name. In today's northeast of Yanjin County, Henan Province. (19) Yanshi: the name of a city. In the north of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province today. (20) Kunyang: County name. In today's Ye County, Henan Province. (2 1) Leaf: county name. In the southwest of Ye County, Henan Province. (22) Wu Qiang: county name. In the northeast of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. (23) Xingyang: County name. In today's Xingyang County, Henan Province. (24) Back to Xingyang: There is the word "every two years old" under the sentence of Historical Records.

In the second year of the Han Dynasty, he became a fake left prime minister (1) and entered the Guanzhong station. After more than a month, Wei rebelled and attacked Wei Jiangsun with a fake prime minister. Because of the attack on Anyi (4), Wei general Wang Xiang was captured. Defeated in Quyang (5) and chased Dongyuan (6), Wei was born. Take Pingyang (7) and get the mother and wife of the leopard. Set the land of Wei, where there are 52 counties. Give food to Pingyang. Because of the attack on Zhao from Han Xin, Xia said that the army was in Wudong (8), and the incident was greatly broken. Xia said: Han Xin and the late Zhang Er, the king of Changshan, led the troops to Jingxing (9) and defeated Chen Yu of An Jun. Only then did they lead the troops to surround Zhao Biejiang and make a great contribution to Wucheng. Qi Huangong started to run and chased him down. Is to take troops to Hanwang. Han Xin has broken Zhao, became the prime minister, attacked Qi in the east, and joined the left prime minister. After attacking Qi Li's army (10), take Linzi (1 1). It is also designated as Jibei County (12), Shou, Yuan, Ping, Wei and Lu (13). Han Xin attacked Long Qie's army in Shanghai (14), broke it, cut the dragon and captured Zhou Lan (15). Ding Qi county, where there are seventy counties. Therefore, Tian Guang, the king of Qi, is in harmony with Tian Guang, and his words will be carried out, and so will General Tian. Han Xinli, the king of Qi, led troops to March eastward to Chen, and fought against Xiang Yu with Hanwang, but stayed where they were.

(1) False: In ancient times, agents or temporary positions were called "false". (2) Wei: Wei Bao, a descendant of Wei nobles. (3) Han Xin: namely Huaiyin Hou Han Xin. Dong Zhang: Name of the city. In the north of Yongji County, Shanxi Province. (4) Anyi: county name. In the northwest of Xia County, Shanxi Province. (5) Quyang: city name. It may be under the sun in Quwo, south of Quwo County, Shanxi Province today. (6) Dongyuan County. In the southeast of Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province. (7) Pingyang: county name. In the southwest of Linfen City, Shanxi Province. (8) Xia said: When you are king, you are the prime minister. Wu: County name. In the northeast of Jiexiu County, Shanxi Province. (9) Jingxing: county name. In the northwest of Jingxing County, Hebei Province. (10) Calendar: city name. In the west of Jinan City, Shandong Province today. (1 1) linzi: county name. In the north of Linzi County, Shandong Province. (12) Jibei County: The county governs Boyang (in the southeast of Taian City, Shandong Province). (13): county name. In the west of Jiyang County, Shandong Province. Luo Yin: County name. In today's eastern part of Yucheng, Shandong. Plain: county name. In the south of today's Pingyuan County, Shandong Province. G: county name. In the southeast of Dezhou City, Shandong Province. Lu: County name. In the southwest of Changqing County, Shandong Province. (14) Shangfeimi: Gaomi, county name. In the west of Gaomi County, Shandong Province. (15) Asian general: the second general.

Hanwang was emperor, Han Xin moved to Chu, and he returned to India. Gaozu took the eldest son fee as the king of Qi (1) and Shen Weicheng as the prime minister. In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu's reign, he broke off with the princes (II) and gave the Senate the title of Lord Jue and Marquis, and there were 6,630 households in Pingyang, a food city, which was lost in the world.

(1) Fei: Liu Bang's eldest son was mourned by Qi. (2) Interception: Divide the symbol into two halves, with the court and the sealed person holding half as tokens.

Take part in Qi's attack on Chen's general and break it. Qing Bu rebelled, took part in mourning for King Hui, rode a car of 1 20,000 (1), and fought against the Qing Bu army with Gao Zuhui, which was a great disaster. In the south, Zhu Yi, Xiang, Xiao and Liu are also pioneers.

(1) Mourning King: Mourning King. (2) Qi (qí): county name. In the south of Su County, Anhui Province. ③ Zhu Yi: the name of the city. In the north of Su County, Anhui Province. Photo: County name. In the northwest of Huaiyang City, Anhui Province. Left: County name. In today's southeast of Pei County, Jiangsu Province.

Ginseng, including the next two countries (1) and counties122; Take two kings (two), three ministers (three) and six generals (four), and one for Da, Sima, Hou and one for each (five).

(1) Two countries: Wei and Qi; (2) Wang Er: Wei Bao and Tian Guang. (3) Three ministers: Xia Shuo, Tian Guang and Xu Zhang; (4) Six generals: Li You, Wang Xiang, Qi Gong, Long Qie, Zhou Lan and Tian Bi. (5) Great Mo Tao: The Historical Records called "Desert Ao", which was the name of Chu Zhiqing during the Warring States Period. It is close to the Warring States period, so there are officials or numbers that make Yin and Mo Ao.

In the first year of filial piety, in addition to the vassal law, he was appointed as the prime minister of Qi. The participation is the same, all 70 cities. At the beginning of the world, it was decided to mourn Wang Huizhi's wealth in the Spring and Autumn Period (1), and all the participants called their elders (2) to ask questions and gather the crowd. However, there are hundreds of Confucianism, and people are different, depending on the unknown. In the west, there are Gaigong (3) and Huang Laoyan (4) who manage it well and make people pay for it. See Gai Gong, Gai Gong is determined by the people, and the rule of words is quiet (5), and so on. So avoid the purlin and give up the lid. Its treatment is based on the skill of Huang Lao, so it has been together for nine years, and the state of Qi has gathered together, which is called the fairy image.

(1) Fugui Chunqiu: young. (2) Senators: Kuai Tong, Dong Kuo, Liang, etc. See Biography of Kuai Tong. (3) Jiaoxi: county name. Governing Gaomi (in Gaomi West, Shandong Province). (4) Huang Laoyan: refers to Taoism. (5) Calm down and let the people decide: Chapter 57 of Laozi has the phrase "I am quiet and the people are upright".

When Xiao He Xun heard about it, he told Scheeren that he was interested in (promoting) treatment (1), "I am in the phase." If there is nothing to live in, the messenger will call for participation. After attending the meeting, the official said, "Take Qicheng Prison as a gift (2) and be careful not to disturb it (3)." The latter said, "Is there no greater therapy?" "Otherwise," Sanzang said. . My husband is in prison, so I can bear it. Now you disturb it. How can a good man tolerate it? I was the first. "

(1) Scheeren: guests of princes and nobles. Governance: Pack your bags. (2) Prison City: refers to prisons and markets. Send: Toya. (3) Be careful not to disturb: it means to be cautious and steady, and not to disturb rudely to avoid making mistakes.

At the beginning of his official career (1), he was very kind to Xiao He and was the prime minister. Death is only recommended by sages. What is the Prime Minister? There is no change in this matter (2). Choosing a county official to grow up (3), being too lazy in words and being good to elders, is called the history of prime ministers (4). The official's words are unforgettable, and he should be dismissed if he wants to be famous. Drinking day and night. Dr. Qing's officials and guests had nothing to do when they met the participants (5), and everyone who came wanted to talk. In extreme cases, take part in drinking (6) and have a say in your own desires (7). If you drink one more time, you'll get drunk, and then you'll forget it. It's normal to talk about it.

(1) micro-time: when you are humble. 2 lay people: Jude words and deeds. (3) Growing up: refers to growing up in years. (4) History of the Prime Minister: the official of the Prime Minister. (5) inaction: not mentioning the prime minister. (6) alcoholic liquor: hard liquor. (7) One: You Qi.

The back garden is close to the official residence, which drinks and listens to songs every day. From official hardship (1), there is nothing to do (2), so please swim in the backyard. Hearing the official singing when he was drunk, he called you from the official to the country (3). Instead, take the wine and sit and drink (4), and DaSong will call for harmony.

(1) Followers: Followers. (2) None: it means that it cannot be stopped. (3) Fortunately: I hope. Reporter: Investigation. (4) Sit and drink: Sit and drink while sitting.

Look at the nuances of people (1), hide, the room is empty.

(1) negligence: minor negligence.

Ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine (1). Blame can't be cured, thinking, "How little am I with (Qin) and (II)?" So I said, "The woman (you) has returned. I tried to ask Nai's father calmly,' Emperor Gao has abandoned his ministers. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the emperor was rich and the monarch was the prime minister. He drinks every day and has nothing to ask. "Why worry about the world," but there is nothing to say. I also told my daughter (you). "Go to the bath (4), the second time (5), and make your own suggestions (6). Take part in Anger Answer 200 (7) and say, "Be interesting (promote), but don't say anything in the world (8)." In the then dynasty, the emperor asked (9), "What about Hu Zhi (10)? I advise you (1 1). "Xie Yue (12):" Your Majesty will see which is the holy warrior or the high emperor (13)? " He said, "I dare to look forward to the first emperor!" Shen Yue said, "Who do you think is the sage of Xiao He?" The master said, "You seem inferior. "Your Majesty is right," Sanzang said. Besides, Emperor Gao and Xiao He decide the world. Since the imperial edict is clear, your majesty will stay in Beijing (14) and don't lose it. Isn't it all right? " Hui Di said, "Good. Take a break! "

(1) Traditional Chinese Medicine: official name. Discussion is the doctor's order. (2) Do you think I am young? (3) Gaudi abandoned his minister: It is said that Gaudi died soon. This is a rumor. (4) bathing: it is a vacation. Han dynasty officials would take five days off to take care of their private lives, such as taking a bath and combing their hair. (5) time: still waiting. Room: A gap. (6) from its place: still say what it means. (7) Hint: hit or whip with a stick. (8) Yes: you. (9) let: strange. (10) Hu Zhi: What's your relationship with words? It means it has nothing to do with. H: Say. Governance: For it. (1 1) Nigel: At that time. (12) Take off your hat: The ancients took off their hats to show their gratitude. (13) What is it? What is this? (14) Listing Workshop: Hang clothes and hand them over. Do nothing.

Participated as prime minister for three years and died. "Song of the People" said: "Xiao He is the law, if you talk about painting one (1); Cao Can instead, keep and do not break. Carrying its Jing Qing 2, the people are better. "

(1) Draw a picture and it will be harmonious. Speak: Yan note "Speak, and also." (2) Including its quietness: it refers to its quietness. Load: OK. To: stability.

Later, when you are tall, you are an ancient scholar. It was passed on to the great-grandson Xiang. When Emperor Wu became a general, he attacked the Huns. Son Zongsi, guilty, ended up as Cheng Dan (1). By the time of mourning for the emperor, the grandson of the great-great-great grandson was originally Pingyang Hou (2), with 2,000 households, and Wang Mang was absent. Zi Hongsi (3), in Jianwu, first surrendered to Hebei (4) and sealed Pingyang Hou. At this point, eight people wait.

(1) End: a lighter punishment in ancient times. Cheng Dan: He was punished as four years old and Cheng Yukou. (2) Sun Benshi: According to "Heroes List", Qian Daxin pointed out that this stone is the great-grandson of Cao Can. Remove the word "Xuan" from the word "Sun". (3) Heir: According to the article "Hou Hongsi in the Second Year of Jianwu, Starting with the Transfer of Soldiers", Wang Xianqian thinks that the word "Heir" should be above "Pingyang Heir" below. (4) Jianwu: the year number of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-55). ⑤ Today: refers to the world of Ban Gu.

Zan: Xiao He and Cao Can both became officials from the Qin Dynasty (1), and there was no miracle recorded at that time (2). Han Xing, according to the last light of the sun and moon (3), why did he believe in keeping the key and take part in the conquest of Han Xin? Now that the world has been established, due to the illness of the people, Qin method went down the river and made a new start. The two men were more United and went to sea. Huaiyin, Qing Bu and other places. All of them have been destroyed, except He Wei, a man who is good at fame and fortune, who is the crown minister, the chief minister of a generation and the descendant of the Miao nationality.

(1) Knife and Pen Officer: refers to a small official who handles documents.

(2) Recording: Same as "mediocrity" and mediocrity.

(3) According to the end of the day, Yi Wei was suitable for the early Han Dynasty.

(4) Crown: It is said that it is in the first place.