What do you mean by informal organization?

Question 1: What is the definition of informal organization in management? what's up Don't explain how it came. Wait! ! ! Informal organization is the symmetry of "formal organization". It was put forward by American management scientist Mayo through Hawthorne experiment. It is a loose and informal group based on feelings and preferences that people naturally form in the process of working together.

Question 2: The noun explanation of informal organizations in management science forms business relations through the operation of formal organizations, and then contacts outside the business to promote mutual understanding among members and form small groups.

Question 3: What is an informal organization? What are the main informal organizations in informal organizations? Refers to the spontaneous formation of groups because of people's certain needs. The membership relationship in this group is not clearly defined, but it has obvious psychological tendency, that is, it is based on personal love and goodwill. Members of informal organizations are psychologically compatible, have profound mutual understanding, close interpersonal relationships and frequent emotional exchanges. The sense of identity, belonging and group promotion is much stronger than that of formal organizations, and each member consciously abides by the rules of the group without coercion. It can be said that informal organizations play a much greater role in individuals than formal organizations.

Many scholars believe that informal organization is based on people's psychology outside the formal group.

Because formal organizations mainly aim at production, work and study, they can only meet people's economic needs in most cases, and rarely pay attention to other needs of people, such as communication, emotional exchange, finding friends and companionship, and various hobbies and interests. Therefore, in addition to formal organizations, these needs have to be met through the formation of informal organizations, so there have been various public-private companionship phenomena.

Although they think this supplement is essential, it is obvious that this view reduces the status and role of informal organizations and there are problems in explaining the relationship between informal organizations and formal organizations.

Psychologist Freud believes that identity is the most fundamental mechanism of group cohesion. "The essence of mutual complex between group members is this kind of identity, which is based on some important emotional qualities." Identity represents a special complex, which is conducive to enhancing group cohesion. Social psychology believes that the essence of group cohesion is the attraction of groups to members, and the attraction of members to members is conducive to the existence and activities of groups.

From this, we can think that the reason for the formation of informal organizations is mainly the pursuit of identity, that is, informal organizations are a carrier from which people obtain identity. Because people in social communication are consistent in one or more aspects such as interests, values, interests, hobbies, opinions, habits, attitudes, personality characteristics and social background. This consistency is the basis of mutual recognition. With consistency, identity is formed. With mutual recognition, there will be cohesion, and with cohesion, there will be groups. Before formalization, groups are informal groups, that is, informal organizations.

Question 4: What is an "informal organization"? An organization is established when the following conditions are met: ① people who can exchange information with each other; ② These people are willing to make contributions; (3) to achieve a purpose of * * *. Therefore, the elements of an organization are: ① information exchange; 2 willing to contribute; (3) * * * The purpose is the same. If an organization wants to survive, it must be both effective and capable; Informal organization is uncertain, with no fixed structure and clear branches. It can be considered as a * * * body with no fixed shape and changing density. The change of density is due to the influence of external factors. Every community and every country has informal organizations. * Formal organizations create informal organizations. Formal organizations are produced by informal organizations, and there must be informal organizations. But after formal organizations came into being, they created and needed informal organizations. Informal organization is an inseparable and important part of formal organization. People often hear the words: "You can't understand an organization or its working methods by reading its organization chart, setting its licenses, rules and articles of association, or observing or even reviewing its personnel." For most organizations, the "trick" is to know the people, things and reasons in their informal society. Reading the constitution, court decisions, decrees or administrative regulations of the United States cannot accurately determine how the United States operates. Although the word "invisible * * *" is often used in a derogatory sense, it expresses the understanding of the existence of informal organizations. Although informal organizations associated with formal organizations are often intuitively understood by managers, politicians and other organizational authorities, they are clearly studied only at the production level of industrial organizations. In fact, informal organizations, whether associated with formal organizations or not, have become a natural part of the experience we are familiar with in our daily contact, so we don't realize that we only see part of the special interaction. However, the contact between people associated with formal activities or specific activities obviously inevitably contains accompanying interaction. * The role of informal organizations in formal organizations. In addition to information exchange, the second function is to maintain the cohesion of formal organizations by regulating people's willingness to contribute and stabilizing objective authority. The third function is to safeguard people's personal personality, self-esteem and independent choice. Because the interaction of informal organizations is not consciously controlled by some non-personal purpose or the authority of organizational performance, its distinctive feature is the ability to choose, which provides an opportunity to strengthen personal attitude. Although this function is often regarded as the destruction of formal organizations, it is a means to maintain individual personality to resist the influence of formal organizations that tend to destroy personality.

Question 5: Advantages and disadvantages of informal organizations. They are particularly attractive! But they will centrifuge the formal organization and have a very bad effect and influence.

Question 6: The difference between formal and informal organizations There are many types of organizations, and both formal and informal organizations are one of them.

Formal organization is the result of organizational design work, which is clearly defined by managers through formal planning and with the help of organizational chart and job description. It has a strict organizational structure, mainly in the chain of command, the relationship between power and responsibility, functions and so on. Formal organization has three basic characteristics:

1 purpose. Formal organizations are consciously established to achieve organizational goals. Therefore, what kind of structural form a formal organization should take is essentially subordinate to the need to achieve organizational goals and implement strategic plans. This purpose determines that organizational work is usually carried out after planning work.

② regularity. The responsibilities and relationships of all members in a formal organization are usually clearly and formally stipulated in written documents to ensure the legitimacy and reliability of the behavior.

③ Stability. Once a formal organization is established, it usually remains relatively unchanged for a period of time. Only when the internal and external environmental conditions have changed greatly and the original organizational form has become unsuitable, will the requirements of organizational structure adjustment and reform be put forward.

A reality of organizational life is that there is often one or more informal organizations in the operation of formal organizations. The so-called informal organization is a network of personal and social relations that people spontaneously form in their communication without formal planning. Poker parties during lunch break in the office and after-work ball friends parties are examples of informal organizations. In informal organizations, the relationship between members is a natural interpersonal relationship. The connection between them is not deliberately arranged, but daily contact, emotional blending, similar interests or similar price orientation. Compared with formal organizations, informal organizations have the characteristics of spontaneity, cohesion and instability.

In a unit, institution or organization, the coexistence of informal organizations and formal organizations is an inevitable phenomenon. In some cases, the use of informal organizations can achieve unexpected benefits, while in other cases, informal organizations may have a negative impact on the activities of formal organizations. The positive effects of informal organizations on formal organizations are as follows: it can meet the psychological needs of members, boost their morale, create a special interpersonal atmosphere and promote the stability of formal organizations; Make up for the differences in abilities and achievements of members and promote the smooth completion of work tasks; In addition, it can also be used as a tool to improve information communication in formal organizations.

The negative effects of informal organization are mainly: it may sometimes conflict with formal organization, which will affect the unity and cooperation among members of the organization and hinder the realization of organizational goals. Therefore, leaders of formal organizations should be good at making use of the situation, give full play to the positive role of informal organizations and overcome their negative effects. In short, informal organizations must be properly managed.

Question 7: What are the influences of informal organizations? Informal organization is a common phenomenon in social organizations, and its existence and operation have an important impact on the realization of organizational goals. Informal organizations and formal organizations exist and operate at the same time, and the activities of informal organizations have advantages and disadvantages for the realization of organizational goals and the completion of organizational tasks.

The influence of informal organizations mainly has two aspects.

positive impact

1, to meet the needs of members. Members of informal organizations can meet the needs of belonging and security in this organization. Members of an organization have various needs, some of which can be met through the work itself, while others are difficult to obtain from a formal organization. Formal organizations operate according to clear rules and regulations, and members of the organization mainly form various responsibilities and hierarchical relationships. In the roles of management and being managed

Psychological needs and emotional needs are difficult to meet. In informal organizations, this non-working and spontaneous relationship between employees makes up for their gap in this respect. The satisfaction of demand has a great influence on the enthusiasm of employees, the realization of organizational goals and the efficiency of the organization.

2. Enhance the cohesion of the organization. The formation of informal organizations mainly stems from the needs of psychological and emotional factors, and the relationship between members is regulated by its specific code of conduct. Informal organizations generally have their own group leaders. The influence of group leaders is often recognized by their members, which is different from the coercive influence formed by rules and regulations. Relatively speaking, the former is more convincing. If the organization manager can reasonably handle the influence of informal organizations, it will be of great benefit to enhance organizational cohesion and organizational growth and development.

3. It is beneficial to the communication among the members of the organization. Members of informal organizations communicate frequently and transmit information very quickly. The establishment and maintenance of good crowd relations within an organization, or the change of employees' attitudes, all depend on the transmission of organizational information. Organizations transmit information through formal and informal channels. Formal transmission is the main way, but the way is too monotonous and mandatory, which is easy to lead to * * *, is not easy to be recognized by members, and even has the opposite effect. Compared with formal information transmission, the natural characteristics of informal transmission make information transmission faster and richer, which is easy to cause employees' * * *.

So that the transmission can get better effect.

4, contribute to the realization of organizational goals. One of the most basic advantages of informal organizations is that they help formal organizations to complete their work. In essence, informal organizations can serve as active support for formal organizations. As mentioned above, it plays an indispensable role in the process of achieving organizational goals.

(B) the negative impact

Because the connection mode, operation standard and goal of informal organization members are not consistent with those of formal organization members, it will have a positive effect on the organization, but it will also have a negative impact if it is not handled properly. Its negative aspects mainly include:

1, this kind of organization has herd behavior. Because informal organizations themselves have a set of unwritten norms and exert pressure on their members, they show a consistent tendency of outward action. On the negative side, if this tendency conflicts with organizational goals, it will infringe on the operation of the whole organizational function, which will lead to serious consequences.

2. Such organizations are not allowed to have unconventional members. Once such members appear, informal organizations will regard them as deviants, thus alienating and isolating them until they are excluded from the organization, which will affect the operation of the whole organization.

3. While the members of the informal organization are satisfied with their sense of belonging and security in this organization, once the structural function of the whole organization changes or the organizational system changes endanger the existence of this informal organization, its members will agree with this change, thus hindering the process of organizational reform.

This kind of informal organization often forms a collective thinking mode. Members hold a completely trusting attitude towards the norms and standards recognized by the group, show a trend of psychological compatibility, and try their best to make a consistent explanation. When this trend goes against the organization's code of conduct and rules and regulations, it will hinder the development of the organization.

5. Members of informal organizations communicate frequently and transmit information very quickly, but it is easy to lead to small group doctrine, which often hinders or even distorts the information transmission, interpersonal communication and functional operation within the organization.

Ways to play the role of informal organizations

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Question 8: Characteristics of informal organizations. Characteristics of informal organizations: 20 points.

Informal organization is a form of organization formed voluntarily by its members because of similar interests or values. It has many characteristics in form and content. Informal organizations in hotels have the same characteristics, but they also have their own characteristics different from other industries. The following introduces the characteristics of informal organizations, and then introduces the characteristics of informal organizations in hotels.

1.* * Informal organization

(1) is unstable and spontaneous.

Informal organization structure is loose, personnel are not fixed, and it is easily influenced by accidental factors, which has great instability and spontaneity. They have no strict organizational form, flexible form and no strict discipline. Informal organizations spontaneously formed a non-institutionalized code of conduct. It has a set of effective unwritten norms and incentive mechanisms to regulate the behavior of its members.

(2) Strong cohesion

It is precisely because of the formation of informal organizations that they also have strong cohesion. In informal organizations, the same feelings are the ties to maintain the group, and people have close feelings, interdependence and mutual trust. Small groups tend to be obvious. When someone is accepted by the group, he will have a sense of belonging, and when he is left out or criticized, he will feel lost. Therefore, this cohesion is not only not conducive to the completion of organizational tasks, but also may become an obstacle to the completion of tasks.

(3) There is a spontaneously formed core or leader, which plays an outstanding role.

Non-organizations naturally form leaders with endogenous authority, and the role of leaders is outstanding. Because the "leader" in informal organizations is naturally produced in the process of formation and development, members have high support and strong appeal, and he influences and leads the members of the organization with personal charm. Therefore, some problems that are difficult to solve in formal organizations can be easily solved through the role of leaders in informal organizations.

(4) Information communication is extremely flexible, but it is one-sided and distorted.

Information communication within informal organizations is extremely flexible, but it is one-sided and distorted. The communication mode in informal organizations is linear information transmission mode, and the information transmission among members of informal organizations is rapid. However, because informal organizations are based on the same emotional factors, members' reactions to information are often very similar, which makes it easy for members of informal organizations to look at problems one-sidedly. At the same time, due to the lack of comprehensive investigation and understanding based on members' emotional mutual trust, the transmission of information is easily distorted.

(5) There are various ways of communication among members.

There are many ways of daily contact or communication between members of informal organizations, such as nonverbal communication, using a slang-like code word or making a gesture, so that their associates can understand their meaning without words. In addition, due to the characteristics of horizontal connection, informal organizations cover a wide range, even beyond the scope of a department, and strong feelings among members make it easier to handle affairs or solve problems. Some problems that cannot be solved by formal organizations can be solved by informal organizations.

(6) Dependence on the environment

Informal organizations strongly rely on a stable environment and do not like changes in the external environment. Because the external environment has great influence on the stability and collective interests of informal organizations. Therefore, informal organizations often hate or oppose the changes or changes of formal organizations and remain highly sensitive to various trends.