The Battle of Shanggao in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's Ten Major Campaigns

Shanggao Campaign (Shanggao Campaign, Jinjiang Campaign, Poyang Sweeping Campaign, Yichun Campaign) was a campaign in which China and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression won an all-round victory. He was called "the most wonderful battle since the Anti-Japanese War" by the Chief of Staff of the Central Military Commission.

194 1 in March, the 34th Normal University in Nanchang, He Mao, was scheduled to be transferred to North China because of his neighbor's 33rd Division. Before he left, he asked the 33rd Division to cooperate with him in mopping up the main forces of the China Army around him. However, due to the serious cooperation between the two divisions, the 34th Division was trapped in the encirclement of four China armies.

It's for the "high war". According to statistics, China's army killed more than 5000 Japanese soldiers 1000 below Hamada, the head of the trade union of the Japanese General Staff, and the Japanese reported casualties1000. The Battle of Shanggao dealt a very heavy blow to the Japanese invaders politically and militarily.

It greatly accelerated its inevitable historical fate, greatly alleviated the deep suffering of the people in Southeast Asia, delayed the outbreak of the Pacific War, and wrote a glorious page in the just war of the anti-fascist alliance in World War II, thus having far-reaching international significance.

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Because the Japanese army suppressed northern Jiangxi (Nanchang Battle) and northern Hunan (Changsha Battle for the first time) twice in 1939, because of the Jianghan Battle and the sharp increase in occupied areas since then, the force density had to be diluted.

Let the troops in the ninth war zone live a peaceful life for one year. But in the last year, the base troops suddenly launched a decisive attack on the lifeline and factories and mines of the Japanese army in North China, which really surprised the Tokyo Staff Headquarters.

Because even the front-line North China Army is not sure, "Is the attempt of the * * * Army resolutely implemented for a long time to come, or will it adopt some new combat methods according to the expansion of its troops?"

With the support of such osawa, the Japanese army began to adjust its troop deployment, and asked Okamura Ningji, commander of the No.1 1 1 Army, to draw a 33rd division and move northward to enrich the North China army. Nü ntz Okamura is very dissatisfied with this.

So he planned a new offensive to suppress the ninth war zone, so that the national army did not dare to take the initiative to attack after the 33 rd Division was transferred to the North. In addition, it is reported that he was asked to resign as the commander of 1 1 and go to North China to save the North China army.

Therefore, he has more reason to win a great victory before leaving office, and show it to his boss and western journalists who like to dictate. Probably learned the lesson that the first attack on Changsha fell short.

This time, Zi Ning Okamura was determined to defeat the troops in the ninth theater of northern Jiangxi with a wonderful three-way converging attack, laying the foundation for the left wing to win first and avoiding the danger of going into Changsha alone in the future.

From the beginning of March, he moved his troops to the starting position: the 33rd Division moved to Anyi, the 34th Division moved to the west of Nanchang, and the 2nd Brigade moved to Xiakou independently. The total number of these three forces is about 50,000 to 60,000-Zi Ning Okamura's strategic intention is obvious.

The three-pronged offensive is to completely destroy the resistance of the national army from east to west and develop to the Hunan-Jiangxi border. However, the development of the situation is not as smooth as he expected.

Especially when the 33rd Division took the initiative to call back, its sister, the 34th Division, was almost wiped out by the National Revolutionary Army in Shanghai. According to the recorded war cases, it is the fifth time that the Japanese army has fallen into the dilemma of being encircled by the National Revolutionary Army.

According to the intelligence, the former enemy commander-in-chief of the ninth war zone in northern Jiangxi, Luoling National Revolutionary Army 19 Army, was assembled from Liaohe to Ganjiang, and the 70th Army was deployed along Jing 'an-Fengxin-Dacheng-Shicha Street Highway.

The 49th Army, which connects Shichajie-Liangjiadu-Luoshedu to defend Jinjiang, has been deployed in Gao 'an-Gao 'an and 74th Army facing the defense line after this 60km-long defense line, and the 72nd Army serves as a strategic reserve in the northwest.

This distribution of forces can easily be broken by enemy forces with firepower advantages. Later facts also proved this point. If the Japanese attempt to attack on three sides is successful, the battle outcome will probably not be the first victory of Guojun 194 1 as it was later.

On March 15, the enemy's 33rd division was dispatched by Anyi first, and it took Fengxin directly. Before moving north, everyone was full of energy and dressed up for battle, and the defenders here could not stand it. On the same day, they lost Fengxin and became rich.

The Japanese army is in hot pursuit and is unstoppable. The 9th and19th divisions of the 70th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, relying on the mountains along the way, failed to stop the enemy's offensive momentum. At 18, Fu Shang was breached again.

While the defenders were struggling, the 33rd Division thought that the right-wing National Revolutionary Army had dispersed because it was going to move to North China, and there was no need to occupy the rich households for a long time without saying hello, so it pulled the team back according to the route.

But what they didn't expect was that although the 70 th Army retreated quickly, most of its troops were preserved. In addition, near Tonggu, Luo also controls a complete 72nd Army of the National Revolutionary Army, ready to attack them later.

Therefore, similar to the first Changsha campaign, the Japanese army's three-way converging attack plan has lost one third. Correspondingly, the 2 nd Brigade of the Independent Mixed Group also launched an assist on the south road of 15, crossing Jinjiang from the gorge.

After repelling the counterattack of the 49 th Army, they rushed to the south bank of Jinjiang the next day and attacked Qujiang. However, regardless of its own strength, this brigade is abruptly divided into three forks, pointing all the way to the northwest to the gray port and all the way to the southwest to the Qingjiang River.

All the way to the southeast points to Fengcheng. In this way, the fork that meets the north is bound to be weak, and the 74 th Army resisted on the gray port line and could not move forward. At the same time, the troops attacking Fengcheng also played in a big mess.

The attack on the Qingjiang River to the south was the worst: on June 5438+09, when preparing to cross the Ganjiang River to attack the Qingjiang River, it was blocked by the garrison along the river, causing heavy casualties. Many troops drowned in the river and finally retreated.

Because the attack in the gray port was suppressed by the National Revolutionary Army, the other third of the Japanese three-way joint attack also went up in smoke. On March 16, one day after Nanbei Road launched the assist, the enemy's 34th Division served as the main attack force.

From the middle road along Jinjiang to the west, with superior air support, the defenders here were quickly repelled, entered Gao 'an on the third day, and continued to run to the western high zone.

Assessing the situation and realizing the favorable situation on the front line, Luo ordered the 74th Army of Wang Guomin Revolutionary Army to stop the enemy's attack on the periphery of Shanggao and began to shift from Tonggu to Shanggao.

Move the 70 th and 72 nd armies down, and let him rely on Jinjiang to form an encirclement similar to the Battle of Taierzhuang. Considering that the enemy on the north road has disappeared, he "must first solve the enemy on the south bank of the Tianjin River".

According to his orders, the 49th Army, which had just won victory in Qingjiang and Quangang, began to assemble its troops, and the enemy near the gray port attacked from Qingjiang to the north, and independently formed the 2nd Brigade. On the 20th, the Japanese army attacked from Gray Harbor and was intercepted by the 49th Army.

Casualties/kloc-more than 0/000 people, unable to resist the counterattack of the national army. The 34th Division of Zhonglu has begun to attack 19 on the high peripheral position. Because of the strict orders, plus Wang is also a valiant soldier.

Therefore, although the enemy used all powerful weapons, including planes, tanks and poison gas, the 74th Army of the National Revolutionary Army still resisted to the death and refused to retreat. The enemy's progress is so slow that it is almost impossible to advance.

On the evening of 20th, a brigade of the 2nd Brigade, defeated by the 49th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, sneaked across the North Shore from Grey Harbor at night and joined the 34th Division-this brigade was originally intended to attack Grey Harbor.

The 74th Army attacked the south bank of Jinjiang, but was killed by the 49th Army, so it had to join the big army. On February1day, due to the meeting with the Japanese army on the south bank of Jinjiang, the 34th Division consciously increased its strength, which was inevitable, regardless of the harsh environment for troops to rest.

Stubbornly insisted on going straight to the highlands with the advantage of weapons, so relying on the cover of more than 30 bombers, we concentrated our forces to violently assault the Sixi position on the periphery of the highlands. The 74th Army also did its part. As a result of a hand-to-hand combat, the defensive position is still in the hands of the National Revolutionary Army.

On the third day of this fight, that is, on the 23rd, the Japanese offensive slowed down, and the 70th Army, which was transferred from Mi Shang to the south, had turned around Guanqiao Street in the suburbs with a division, greatly increasing the pressure on the enemy's right wing.

Then, another division of the 70 th Army also rushed to the Wei line, cut off the back road of the 34 th Division, and joined the 49 th Army on the south bank of Jinjiang. The 72nd Army from Tonggu south also reached Shuikouwei area in the northwest of Gao 'an.

In this way, the enemy's 34th Division was surrounded by the National Revolutionary Army in the pear-shaped encirclement between Tangpu-Gaoan-Yang Gongwei on the north bank of Jinjiang. In order to assist this battle, the 49th Army stormed two divisions on both sides of the Ganjiang River.

The South Road Brigade, which was independently mixed into 2 brigades, was rushed to Gao 'an on the north bank of Jinjiang, and the 78th Army launched an attack from Wuning to the south on the enemy forces outside Fengxin, making small progress in places like coffin brain. Under such multiple blows, the Japanese army is almost untenable.

At this time, Zi Ning Okamura, who was waiting for the good news at the Wuhan No.11KLOC-0/Military Command, suddenly received the bad news that the 34th Division was besieged in high school, and was immediately chilling. In desperation, he immediately ordered more than 2,000 people from the back team of the 33rd Division who had just returned to Fengxin to change to the front team.

Go back and reinforce Shanggao first, and the brigade will follow up. In addition, the brigade retreating to Gao 'an will assist along Jinjiang West. In view of the breakthrough plan of Okamura Nintz, Luo immediately asked all three divisions of the 49 th Army on the south bank of Jinjiang to go north.

Intercept and annihilate the defeated troops of the 2 nd Brigade and the 34 th Division, and intercept the reinforcements of the 33 rd Division with the 70 th Army. Anxious to save people, the 33rd Division hacked and killed all the way. As the 70th Army arrived too late, it was rushed to Tangpu by the enemy without any effort.

Tear open the defense line of the National Revolutionary Army and successfully join the 34th Division. On 26th, in order not to make the enemy escape, the 74th Army and the 72nd Army began a comprehensive counterattack on the high-tech front of Songhu. The Japanese army broke through from north to east, and all the way to the east was stopped by the 49th Army.

Defeated, we finally fought our way out and rushed to Nanchang. The 49 th Army followed closely and went straight to Nanchang City. An enemy army heading north was covered by the 33rd Division, and the situation was slightly better, but it was also attacked by the 70th Army, with heavy casualties.

By the end of the month, the remaining Japanese troops in the encirclement had been eliminated. At the beginning of April, the 70 th Army conquered Fengxin, and all the Japanese troops running east were in a state of being defeated. Before and after the Japanese * * * casualties more than twenty thousand people.

Among them, the enemy's infantry commander, Major General Iwanaga, and four men, Zhong Zuo and Shao Zuo. The Battle of Shanggao became the greatest victory of the National Revolutionary Army on the battlefield in northern Jiangxi.

Baidu Encyclopedia-The Battle of Shanggao