Classic goddess

Goddess is Guo Moruo's first collection of poems, an epoch-making work in the history of China's modern new poetry, and the cornerstone of China's new poetry. Goddess is the author's main poem from 19 19 to 192 1 Together with 57 preface poems. Most of them were written by poets while studying in Japan. According to the poet's creative stage, it is divided into three series: the first series includes the rebirth of the goddess, the flower of Tang Di and other works; The second series includes poems during the climax of the May 4th Movement, such as Phoenix Nirvana. The third series includes early major poems, such as the temptation of death. Among them, the representative poems are Nirvana of Phoenix, Rebirth of Goddess, Coal in the Furnace, Sunrise, Vision of Mount Bili, The Good Earth and My Mother! Tengu, Good Morning, Standing on the Edge of the Earth and so on.

Goddess broke through the shackles of the old style, created a bold and unrestrained style of free poetry, opened up a new world for the development of free poetry after the May 4th Movement, and became the cornerstone of China's new poetry. It created the "Romantic" poetic style in the May 4th period with its unique style, and it is the first monument in the history of China's new poetry, reflecting the spiritual core of that era. Its main contents are as follows:

1. The rebellious spirit of the goddess. First of all, it is manifested in the bold resistance and rebellious spirit of strongly demanding to break through feudal barriers, completely destroy and sweep the old world, break the old and establish the new, and be brave in revolution. As a poet standing at the peak of the new era, he called for the arrival of the revolutionary storm in the twentieth century with incomparable strong feelings and magnificent spirit. The lyric hero of Goddess is an old rebel, a rebel who boldly resists feudal system and feudal thought, and a fighter who pursues individuality liberation and demands self-esteem. The goddess created a self-image full of rebellious spirit, which is the image of the awakened Chinese nation during the May 4th Movement and the epitome of the May 4th Movement. This self-image has the spirit of thorough destruction and bold creation. In "Tiangou", the poet calls himself the "Tiangou" who devours the sun and the moon, and publicly declares that "I am an idol destroyer again/even the sun in the sky is bowing to me." This naked self-exposure is a true reflection of psychological, emotional and emotional subjectivity during the May 4th Movement. The language shouted by "I" seems to be in a state of ecstasy, which is an excellent expression of the emotion of destroying old things by violence. This sentiment is consistent with the general trend of ideological emancipation during the May 4th Movement. The legend of Phoenix's "gathering incense and self-immolation, bathing in fire and rebirth" in the long poem "Phoenix Nirvana" symbolizes the creative spirit of May 4th youth who dare to destroy their old selves and innovate themselves, and shows a determination and spirit to completely break with the old world and do whatever it takes to destroy it. In "The Rebirth of Goddess", the poet expressed it more directly: "We want to build a fresh sun, and we can't create any gods in this niche!" Therefore, the "I" in the poem is the representative of the spirit of the times.

2. The patriotic spirit of the goddess. It reflects the poet's attachment to the motherland and the May 4th youth's praise for the motherland's new life. The May 4th Movement itself is an anti-imperialist and patriotic political movement, and the patriotic enthusiasm of China people aroused by this movement is reflected in Goddess in the form of poetry. Coal in the Furnace takes coal as a metaphor and compares the motherland to a "girl". "I am so angry for my beloved heart." Express willingness to dedicate all the light and heat to the motherland. The poet shouted "good morning" to the "young motherland" and "new compatriots" one after another, showing his great love for the motherland.

3. The enterprising spirit of the goddess. This is the irresistible joy generated by the breath of the new revolutionary century, and it is also a sign of full confidence in the future. Therefore, the most representative works in Goddess are all praises of light and power, with bright colors, high tones and great momentum. Praise for the sun expresses the poet's enthusiasm for the newborn sun. Standing on the edge of the earth and blowing the horn praised the great power to overthrow the earth; The excitement of "good morning" is even more obvious. It shouted "good morning" 27 times in one breath, connecting itself with the world and showing the great boldness of a new generation of young people. The Outlook of Mount Billis and other works also show the enterprising spirit of seeking the new and abandoning the old.

In a word, Goddess expresses the spiritual tremor of China youth-May 4th youth in the early 20th century: their pain, despair, struggle, rebellion, desire and creation. This spiritual tremor is essentially the emotional contradiction and life fission caused by the conflict between old and new, beauty and ugliness, brightness and darkness, life and death, love and hate in life.

The ideological content expressed in Goddess is, first of all, the requirement of transforming the old world and cracking down on feudal barriers in the May 4th sturm und drang era. The protagonist appears as a rebel who pursues personality liberation, demanding to break all feudal shackles and sing praises to all saboteurs. Secondly, it is a deep love for the motherland and a longing for a better tomorrow. The poem praises the sun, light and hope, and is full of positive and enterprising desire.

The success of Goddess lies in the unity of the needs of the times and the poet's creative personality. What appears in front of our eyes is such a lyrical hero image: under the impact of the May 4th spirit, which combines rebellion and creation, it shows a strong sense of individuality and self-transcendence, and is eager to create a brand-new world and a better life with unprecedented heroic spirit. This "self" image is not only the poet's self, but also the youth's self in the May 4th Movement, and the Chinese nation's self is being tempered in the fire of struggle. This image is the poetic soul of the goddess.

Writing skills of Goddess;

The outstanding feature of Goddess is artistic innovation. Its extraordinary artistic imagination, vivid image and uninhibited form all show the great progress of China's modern new poetry.

1. Free verse form in Goddess. In form, Guo Moruo practiced his creative idea of "freedom and independence", completely liberated the form of poetry, and adapted to the spirit of the times and the magnificent style of sturm und drang. "Goddess" generally maintains a free form, and the number of lines and words in each line is not fixed, and there is no unified rhyme law.

However, in a particular poem, a certain degree of metrical unity is necessary. For example, in Morning Xing, the whole poem is divided into three paragraphs and three lines, with similar rhymes at the end of the sentence, which is more rigorous and arranged according to the meter. Most of the poems in Goddess are the combination of the internal rhythm of the natural ebb and flow of emotions and some external rhythm, which achieves a certain degree of harmony and neatness in free change.

The poem "Tiangou" is short; Standing on the edge of the earth, there is a kind of continuous affection, which is just suitable for expressing mourning; The poems in Nirvana of the Phoenix are uneven, long or short, full of changes, long or short, with a strong sense of rhythm, showing a tragic atmosphere.

2. Metaphor and symbol of goddess. Goddess often uses metaphors and symbols to express her feelings with the help of an image, which is the main feature of Guo Moruo's romantic poetry. In Goddess, no matter the characters in ancient myths and historical stories, or the personalized natural scenery, the image selection is very clever, appropriate and novel, which is consistent with the emotional content to be expressed. Mountains and rivers, the sun, the moon and the stars, lightning and thunder are all singing Guo Moruo's songs. "Tiangou" expresses the rebellious and destructive feelings to the world with the image of the destroyer in the sky in folklore, and "Coal in the Furnace" expresses the patriotic feelings of workers with the image of black humble "black slave"-coal, which is very novel and appropriate.

3. The bold style of the goddess is the pioneer of the bold school of new poetry. Although there are also works with the style of "beautiful but not handsome" in Goddess, Whitman's style of "handsome but not handsome" best represents the characteristics of Goddess. Its imagination is novel, its language is rough, its momentum is magnificent, its tone is fierce and its style is arbitrary. Its beauty is a magnificent and masculine beauty.

4. Magnificent, strange and flying. As early as the initial stage of advocating new poetry, imagination, lack of image and straightforward language were the same characteristics of early vernacular poetry. Many poems are "works lacking fantasy", and Guo Moruo is the first person to put wings on new poems. Influenced by Western Europe 16, pantheism in the 7th century, China's classical poetry and ancient philosophy, the poet listed the whole nature as his description object, and the universe, the earth, the sun, the moon, the stars, mountains and rivers, storms, plants and birds ... constituted an extremely magnificent image system. Everything is flowing in the poet's clever thoughts, naturally humanized, and the earth has become a living mother, such as "thunder is the sound of your breathing, and thunderstorm is the soaring of your blood"; In the poet's works, man and nature are integrated. Starting from pantheism, the poet regards the universe as a process of continuous evolution and renewal, and sees "dynamic spirit" and "creative power" from everything in the universe, thus giving its image a flying color: "infinite nature ... full of light waves of life", "mountains burn there, silver dances in the waves" and "power! Hey! Power painting, power dance, power music, power poetry, power rhythm, etc., all of which form the unique form of the goddess image: grandeur, strangeness and flying.