What are the famous attractions in the UK?

Palace of Westminster Now known as the Houses of Parliament, the Palace of Westminster was the palace of Edward the Confessor. Westminster Hall was built between 1087 and 1100 and was among the largest unsupported roofed medieval halls in Europe at the time and today. In the 14th century, a commercial hall and a stable hall were opened to sell wigs, quills and other similar items, and the palace was also located here. A fire in 1834 destroyed much of the palace. In 1836, the King's Commission selected the plan of Charles Bailey out of 97 designs, who preferred to build the palace in Gothic style.

The Houses of Parliament on the north bank of the River Thames is world-famous for its clock tower. Even though Big Ben is not the name of the bell tower but the name of the clock, Big Ben is still the name that people are accustomed to. This London landmark is part of Charles Bailey's Victorian-Gothic design and stands 96 meters high. The 61-meter-tall tower's exterior walls were completed by Krifamstein and its spire is made of iron. The base of the tower is 15 meters by 15 meters square, fixed with 3 meters of cement, 7 meters deep, and weighs about 8,667 tons. The four big clocks are 55 meters high. Tower of London The Tower of London is one of the most famous medieval fortress buildings in the world. In 1078, William the Conqueror ordered the construction of the White Tower to protect the Normans from attacks by the City of London.

The Tower of London on the Thames was rebuilt many times by Henry III and Edward I of England in the 13th century. The fortress is protected by two walls and a castle ditch. There is a mint and a zoo on the city walls. Historically, the fortress has been used as an arsenal, a palace, an execution ground, a national archive, an observatory, and a refuge. It is also a prison, mainly housing some high-level prisoners. Today, the Crown Jewels are guarded by the historic Tower of London Guards. Guards are also colloquially known as beef eaters. They wear traditional clothes and are easily recognized. In addition to the numerous exhibitions, the medieval palace and the unlovable Blood Tower, one can also see more than 90 inscriptions of prisoners on the walls of the Boshan Tower.

Buckingham Palace is located between St. James's Palace and Victoria Railway Station. It was built in 1703 by the Duke of Buckingham, hence its name Buckingham Palace. This is a luxurious architectural style from the early 19th century, and its huge size is even more eye-catching than its gorgeous appearance. In 702, the Duke of Buckingham began building the first house. Sixty years later it was sold to George III and became the royal residence. It was expanded by George III in 761. The transformation of Buckingham Palace into Buckingham Palace was completed by George IV and his important architect John Nacy. Among them, the golden angel in the portrait of Queen Victoria represents the royal family's hope to restore the glory of the Victorian era. If the British Emperor's flag flies directly above the palace, it means the Queen is still in the palace. After Queen Victoria ascended the throne in 1837, it officially became the royal palace. Since then, Buckingham Palace has been the residence of the British royal family. In 1847, the left and right wings were connected, and the main entrance road, the Marble Arch Road, was moved to this site.

In 1863, it became the bedroom of the British monarch, integrating office and home functions. Buckingham Palace is named after the building built by the Duke of Buckingham in 1705. Purchased by George III in 1726, it served as an imperial memorial hall, art exhibition hall, office and treasury. It was converted into a palace building in 1825. In 1837, Queen Victoria succeeded to the throne and officially became the Royal Palace. It remains the royal residence of Queen Elizabeth. The Queen summons the Prime Minister and ministers, receives and entertains foreign guests, and other important activities are held here. Buckingham Palace had its stone exterior in 1931, and recent exterior cleaning has restored its splendor. However, the most impressive thing is its interior.

There are more than 600 halls and rooms in the palace, with many paintings and exquisite mahogany furniture. The hall of the art museum displays more than 100 portraits and busts of British emperors, creating a strong atmosphere of England in the 18th and 19th centuries. There are golden statues of the Goddess of Victory and a seated statue of Queen Victoria in the square in front of the palace, as well as a 40-acre royal garden. The first Duke of Buckingham (1592-1628) is an important character in the work "The Three Musketeers" by French writer Alexandre Dumas. He was the British Prime Minister and the lover of the Queen of France and Princess Anna of Austria.

On the death of her last descendant in 1703, Anna, the last Stuart queen, bestowed the title of Duke of Buckingham on John Sheffield, Earl of Mergrave.

A few years before that, he had acquired the Arlington residence, which he renamed Buckingham Palace at this time. The mansion's relationship with the British royal family came 60 years later. In 1761, the British royal family bought it for 21,000 pounds.

Later, the Mad King George III wanted a private residence a little further away from the sad St. James's Palace. Later, his son, George IV, later the most extravagant and dissolute monarch in British history, converted a country residence of the Duke of Buckingham into a real palace, and his favorite architect John Nash ( John F Nash was responsible for its magnificent construction, which cost ￡432,000, 20 times the purchase price of the building. Nash's new palace is basically the side behind Buckingham Palace we see today, that is, the side facing the gardens.

It was not until 1845, under the reign of Queen Victoria, that the Royal Residence was built into what it is today: the palaces on its north and south wings were expanded and closed by the fourth wing, the palace on the east, Become a square palace. This eastern fa?ade has a wide balcony where the traditional members of the royal family are seen. The final renovation was at a minimum cost: ￡150,000. In the 150 years since the place was purchased, the palace has been built several times. The British monarch finally had this supreme palace. Elizabeth II is undoubtedly the longest-lived queen here. From her father's accession to the throne in 1936 to her marriage in 1947, she and her sister Princess Margaret lived on the third floor of the square building, which is to the right of the main entrance. Five years later, she returned as queen, living with her husband and their four children on the second floor of the north wing, a private suite where her parents had lived.

When you come to the palace, you might as well stop in front of the iron fence outside the gate. Facing the wall, walk to the right through the northwest corner. This is the best angle to view the north wing of the palace. It is also the private suite of the Queen of England, where her home is. The Queen's private suite is divided into two parts: one is her daily work area, including her reception hall and office. This room is most easily recognized from the outside, as only the windows are arched. Another section includes her private dining room, bedroom, bathroom and wardrobe. This closet is connected by an internal staircase to a storage room on the third floor, where there are numerous restrooms. The furnishings in the palace are quite simple, and the Queen and her husband are not too extravagant, at least in their daily lives. The furniture isn't gilded or has the logos of famous mahogany furniture makers, just some very utilitarian furniture. The only sign of the Queen's financial power is the stunning brushwork of the oil painting that hangs on the wall of her residence.

Not only are these paintings signed by European painting masters, but they are also often hung in rotation from famous paintings collected by the royal family. Not far from here, there are ten luxury suites in the west wing on the same floor. When receiving distinguished guests, the Queen and the royal family walked through a small corridor to the Queen's Study, a small hall separated from the white living room by only one wall. After a while, in accordance with the queen's order, a servant turned on the machine. The guests in the white living room were surprised to find that the entire wall was suddenly hidden in the wall panels, and the queen and royal family members instantly appeared in front of people. For the past decade, this oldest and most luxurious part of Buckingham Palace has been open to visitors from around the world during the summer.

Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey was built in an unknown era. However, as the church where kings were crowned, today's layout was laid down by the wise King Edward. St. Edward died of illness in 1066 and was succeeded by his brother-in-law, King Harold. In the same year Harold was killed at the Battle of Hastings, William, Duke of Normandy, conquered England. This was the Norman Conquest, so St. Edward was the first king to be buried here. All English kings since Harold have been crowned here.

Westminster Abbey is a typical Gothic building. From the perspective of the history of architectural art, there are not many particularly well-preserved ruins outside Greece and Italy, such as Bath in the UK. It seems that the full picture of the Roman Baths is not visible in the photos of the ruins. The classic architectural style of medieval Europe was the Gothic style, with narrow towers, windows and arches being the most prominent symbols. The reason why this happened, in addition to religious reasons, was technically because people at that time could not build long-span arches to convert lateral force into downward force, so the houses were narrow and pointed, the walls were extremely thick, and the windows could not be opened. , plus the side walls outside the wall, are designed to support lateral forces.

As silly as it sounds, the straight, narrow lines of the church created this way are really beautiful.

Notre Dame de Paris, Cologne Cathedral and Westminster Abbey are representative works of French, German and English Gothic styles. After Gothic came the Renaissance style, characterized by clean lines and colonnades, and then the Baroque and Rococo styles. There are a large number of Sir Christopher Wren buildings in London and Oxford, such as St Paul's Cathedral and the New Theater in Oxford, both in the Baroque style. The status of Baroque and Locke in art history is not high, especially in domestic art history review books, but I personally prefer the Baroque style.

Then in the late 18th and 19th centuries, neoclassicism, neo-Gothicism, etc. became popular. Look at the architectural style of Westminster Abbey, which is quite similar to the Houses of Parliament across the street. In fact, there is a big difference in age: Westminster Abbey is an authentic Gothic building, and the Houses of Parliament is a Gothic Revival building built in the Victorian era in the 19th century, which is roughly an antique building of that era. This is a fake antique. When you look at Westminster Abbey, you must understand British history, otherwise you won't see anything famous: you enter the door with your left hand. The first chapel is that of Edward I of England, the long-legged old king in the movie "Braveheart".

Historically, he was a war general, the conqueror of Wales, and the war hammer of Scotland. But he wasn't buried in Chappell's space at all. His coffin rests on the partition wall that separates the church from the main aisle. Most people won't notice it if they aren't intentionally looking for it. Further inside, when entering Notre Dame de Paris, a wooden chair with three pointed backs is placed in the center of the door. It was made during the reign of Edward I of England, and its name is St. Edward's Chair (referring to the earlier Holy King). All previous British kings were crowned on it. Next to the coronation chair lies Edward III, another warrior king of England and victor of the War of the Clergy between England and France in the Hundred Years' War.

He is the child in Sophie Marceau's belly in the movie "Braveheart", but it cannot be Wallace's son. Edited by Mel Gibson. By the time Edward III was born, Wallace had been dead for eight years. Windsor Castle, located in the town of Windsor, 32 kilometers west of London, England, is one of the palaces of the British royal family. As early as the 11th century, in order to prevent the British people from resisting, William the Conqueror built nine large castles about 32 kilometers apart in the suburbs around London, forming a line of fortresses that could support each other. Windsor Castle is the largest of the nine castles and sits on a hill beside the River Thames. It was built in 1070 and has a history of nearly a thousand years. In 110 AD, King Henry I of England held a pilgrimage ceremony here. Since then, Windsor Castle has officially become the venue for palace activities. By the first half of the 19th century, Windsor Castle had been continuously expanded by successive kings and had become a huge castle complex with many exquisite buildings. Windsor Castle covers an area of ??7 hectares and is currently the largest inhabited castle building in the world. All the buildings are made of stone and have nearly a thousand rooms, surrounded by green lawns and dense forests.

The castle is divided into two parts: the east and the west. The upper area to the east is the private residence of the royal family, including the dining room, studio, ballroom, audience hall, living room, Waterloo Hall, St. George Hall, etc. King and Queen. It is famous for its famous collection of royal paintings and treasures. Waterloo Hall was built to celebrate the victory at the Battle of Waterloo. In a spacious and tall rectangular hall, the walls are covered with portraits of British war warriors who made outstanding achievements in the Battle of Waterloo, and a huge flower-shaped mercury chandelier hangs on the roof.

The Lower District on the west refers to the entrance from the Thames River to Windsor Castle, where there are two famous churches. St. George's Church was built in 1475 and is located in the middle of London's West End. It is a vertical Gothic building that was popular at the time. Its architectural achievements are second only to Westminster Abbey in London. Many important events in British history took place here. Since the 18th century, British monarchs have been buried here after their deaths.

In addition, there are many tombs of queens, princes and other members of the royal family. The inner hall of the church is where religious ceremonies are held, and recipients of the Order of the Garter (marked as the Blue Velvet Garter) pay homage to the King every year. German knighthood is Britain's highest honor. Each guardian knight has a fixed seat in the hall, and the armor, saber and flag of each knight are hung on the wall behind the seat. Albert Church is located in the eastern part of the West End. Originally built as a burial place for Henry VII, it was later transformed by Queen Victoria into a chapel that held the remains of her husband Albert.

There is a memorial tower to Prince Albert in the church. On the hill in the center of Windsor Castle stands a round tower built in the 12th century, which is an ancient artillery base. There are ancient cannons on the city walls now. Later, George IV built a towering crown on top, making it the tallest building in the castle. Climb to the top of the tower for a panoramic view of Windsor.

There is also a large round table in the castle. It is said that in the 5th century, King Arthur and his 12 Knights of the Round Table held a meeting here. The famous drama master Shakespeare came to the castle at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth I and wrote a play "The Merry Wives of Windsor". To the northeast of Windsor Castle is Homer Park, and to the south is Windsor Park, which contains forests, grasslands, rivers and lakes. Normally, Windsor Castle is open to the public. Whenever the queen comes, only the largest palace on the top of the mountain is left for her, and the rest of the places are still allowed to visit. The London Eye is one of the largest Ferris wheels in the world. British Airways' London Eye can take you to over 55 of London's most famous attractions in 30 minutes.

The Ferris Wheel has 32 enclosed air-conditioned cabins and is a major icon on the London skyline. Because the Ferris wheel opened at the end of 1999, it is also called the Millennium Wheel. It is 135 meters high and is located on the south bank of the Thames. Hampton Court Palace Hampton Court Palace is a palace in Richmond upon Thames, adjacent to Bush Park. It is the oldest Tudor palace in Britain, with a history of over 500 years. Many British kings have lived in this palace. Since George III, the British royal family has lived in other palaces in London. Queen Victoria opened the palace to the public in 1838. Part of the palace was rented to veterans who had made meritorious service. In 1986, a fire broke out in one of the houses and destroyed part of the palace.

Reconstruction work continued until 1995. Worth seeing are the Tudor kitchens, more than 25 hectares of riverside gardens, the famous Garden Maze and Henry VIII's magnificent rooms. There are few tourists at Hampton Court Palace, so you can enjoy your leisure time and the service is good. There are activities such as explanations every hour. Many gentlemen and ladies dressed in Tudor court costumes act as tour guides. You can ask them questions, chat about the history of the palace, and experience the palace life in Europe. To the rear of the house are a series of very extensive formal English gardens. These big trees look like giant mushrooms. All tree crowns and shrub flowers are carefully trimmed into geometric shapes, neat and meticulous, giving it the feel of a garden maze.

Tower Bridge Tower Bridge is the first bridge at the Thames Estuary in London, England (there are 15 bridges on the Thames). It is also a symbol of London and is known as the main entrance to London. The bridge was built in 1886 and opened to the public on June 30, 1894, connecting the northern and southern areas of London as a whole. Tower Bridge is a suspension bridge, originally a wooden bridge and later a stone bridge. It is now a six-lane cement bridge.

The foundations of the two bridges in the river are 7.6 meters high and 76 meters apart. There are two towering square main towers on the bridge base. They are square five-story towers with granite and steel structures, more than 40 meters high. The two main towers have white marble roofs and five small spiers, which look like two crowns from a distance. The span between the two towers exceeds 60 meters, and the tower base is connected to the two banks through a cable suspension bridge. The bridge is divided into two levels: upper and lower.

The upper level (the bridge deck is about 42 meters above the high water level) is a wide suspended walkway with glass windows on both sides. Pedestrians can cross the bridge and enjoy the beautiful views on both sides of the Thames. The lower level is accessible by vehicle. When the 10,000-ton ship passed by the Thames, the machine in the main tower started and the bridge slowly separated and folded. After the ship passed, the bridge slowly lowered and traffic resumed. Two movable bridge decks, each weighing 1,000 tons. Looking at Tower Bridge from a distance, the Twin Towers are majestic. There are stairs up and down the tower, museums, exhibition halls, shops, bars and so on. Climbing the tower and looking into the distance, you can enjoy the ten-mile scenery upstream and downstream of the Thames River. If you encounter the Fog Lock Bridge, the landscape will be even more unique.

The Misty Lock Tower Bridge is one of the best views in London. The British warship HMS Belfast can be seen from the bridge or the river, and it is parked on the river not far away. This is Britain's most complete warship since World War II. Piccadilly Circus Piccadilly Circus is the entertainment center of Soho. It was designed by Nash in 1819 to realize the Prince Regent's dream of connecting Carlton Palace and Prince Regent's Park. This lively crossroads area, centered around the icon of love, was not changed until the construction of Shaftesbury Road in the 1880s.

The naked Eros caused displeasure among Victorian apologists when it was placed in the square in 1893, but the icon soon became a symbol of London.

This aluminum statue sculpted by Prince Albert is not actually Cupid, but the Christian angel of love. It commemorates Anthony Achillea Cooper, 7th Duke of Shaftesbury (1801-1885), a philanthropist and politician who worked to improve the conditions of factory and coal miners as well as chimney sweeps and the mentally ill .

The importance of Piccadilly Circus is that it was the first place in London to have an illuminated advertising sign in the 1890s, promoting Powell and Schweppe. After that, more theaters came, one of which was Eros' Basement Theater of the same standard. The theater and its above-ground restaurant are decorated with mosaics and tiles and are well worth a visit.