Who knows the top ten treasures of the National Museum?

There are more than 100 pieces of cultural relics 17 1 10000 in Liaoning Provincial Museum, including 486 pieces (sets) of first-class cultural relics. Ma, director of Liaoning Provincial Museum, said that in order to let the audience see the best exhibits after free opening, he spared no expense to take out the treasures of the town museum and launched seven unique exhibitions. The lost Qing Dynasty paintings and calligraphy are the most famous brands in Liao Bo. The treasures of calligraphy and painting smuggled out of the palace by the last emperor Puyi are usually hidden in the library, and have only been publicly exhibited 10 for more than 50 years. On the occasion of free opening to the outside world, Liao Bo held the "Special Exhibition of Paintings and Calligraphy of National Treasures Lost from the Qing Palace", and 120 treasures once hidden in the Forbidden Area of the Palace will be exhibited in batches. There are more than 20 pieces of the earliest existing regular script ink in China, such as Fu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, an isolated painting of ladies in the Tang Dynasty, a picture of ladies' flowers, and "four poems" in the ink of Cao Sheng and Zhang Xu in the Tang Dynasty. In addition, Liaohe Civilization Exhibition, China Ancient Inscription Exhibition, Chinese Ancient Coin Exhibition, Liao Dynasty Ceramics Exhibition, Ming and Qing Crafts Exhibition, and Ancient Literati Special Exhibition are also highlights.

Top Ten Treasures of City Hall

First, the legendary national treasure "Ruihetu"

Ruihetu is now in the Liaoning Provincial Museum and is a treasure in Evonne's paintings and calligraphy. Rare poems, books and painting tools are excellent. The picture shows Xuande Gate in the capital of song dynasty surrounded by colorful clouds. Flying cranes hover above, and two cranes stand on the owl's tail, echoing each other from a distance. Only the spine of the palace gate is drawn in the picture, which highlights the gathering of cranes and reveals a mysterious and auspicious atmosphere in solemnity. This painting is a bold attempt in the history of painting in China. It changes the traditional composition method of conventional flower-and-bird painting, and fills the sky with flying cranes. The eaves on the front line not only reflect the cranes, but also give the picture a story. The painting skills are particularly exquisite. In the picture, the crane is like a cloud and fog, and its posture is changeable, and there is no similarity. What's more exciting is that the sky is full of azurite, thin and faint, with bright colors. The crane is dressed in ink and its eyes are stained with raw lacquer, which makes the whole picture full of vitality. After the volume is the inscription and poem of Hui Zong's thin gold book, which reads "Imperial Painting and Closing Books" and signs "One Man under the World". Observing his book style, it is quite vigorous and refreshing, with blue peaks and beautiful charm between the lines. The appearance of "thin gold style" enriched the personalized style of China's calligraphy art and had a great influence on later generations.

Second, in the Qing Dynasty, Yunlong's character patterns turned to ivory balls.

In Qing Dynasty, the ivory ball with Yunlong figure pattern was 52.2 cm high and the top diameter was 12.9 cm. It is carved with auspicious clouds, and more than a dozen healthy dragons walk through the clouds with their heads or tails exposed. In the big ball, 21 small balls are carved layer by layer, which are nested with each other and can be rotated layer by layer to decorate the ground. Three pillars, with six layers of carved ivory balls on the top, with the same patterns as the big ivory balls; There is a four-legged seat under it, and a columnar bearing plate is carved on the top of the seat. The exquisite carving technique is amazing.

3. Flowers and Ladies in the Tang Dynasty

Zhou was a court painter in the Tang Dynasty, who was good at painting expensive ladies. The characters in his works are dressed simply and have soft colors, which describe a lady's leisurely life, loneliness, emptiness and even sad mental state in detail, and dig and depict the characters' inner feelings more deeply. His work "Flowers for Ladies" mainly shows the life of court ladies in the Tang Dynasty. It is a masterpiece reflecting the realistic painting style of the Tang Dynasty. It is an outstanding artistic treasure, which is rare in the paintings and calligraphy works of this period and has high artistic value and historical value. The rich figure, gorgeous costumes and exquisite and elegant expression in the painting fully show the aristocratic life in the Tang Zhenyuan period.

4. Long live the Tian Tong Post.

Wu Zetian lived in the Tang Dynasty for two years (AD 697). According to the original copy of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy post given by the 11th Sun Wang, a Han book of Wang Xizhi, which was checked out by the library calligrapher, is the most reliable and accurate copy of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, and it can be called "the first book in the world". Wang Xizhi's calligraphy has been handed down from generation to generation into two categories: one is a woodcut or stone tablet; The second is the ink book copied by waxed paper in Tang Dynasty. As for the original works he wrote directly, there were only a few in the Northern Song Dynasty, which were later lost or destroyed, leaving only stone rubbings. Therefore, although this handwritten scroll of the Tang Dynasty is a copy, its description technique of double hook and ink filling makes it truly reflect the calligraphy style of the Wang family, with rich contents, including seven people and ten posts of the Wang family, which provides reliable empirical data for us to study the inheritance of the Wang family's calligraphy. Mr. Qi Gong, a famous calligrapher in China, once commented after reading this collection collected by Liaoning Provincial Museum: "The post of Wang Xizhi in Tang Dynasty, whether existing or lost, is hard to find; If you can prove who first hid it in the Tang Dynasty, who copied it, and when, I am afraid there is nothing to test except this volume of Wang Xizhi. "

Five, five thousand dollars per unit.

Coins of past dynasties are one of the collection features of Liaoning Provincial Museum. Liao Bo has more than 7,649 monetary relics in his collection, ranging from Beibi in Xia and Shang Dynasties to Renminbi and circulating commemorative coins of the people of China. The historical span is huge, the sequence is extremely strong, and there are many rare products. Among them, 5,000 yuan flat Dao is a rare treasure, also known as Jin Cuodao, made of bronze. The money body consists of a knife ring and a knife body. The knife ring is like a lot of money, with the word "one knife" on it. The shape of the knife is like a knife, and the three characters of "Five Thousand Ping" are cast on it. There is no rust on the surface, and there is dark brown patina. Because it takes a long time to collect and touch, the outline is round and muddy, and the copper color is warm and moist. The typesetting is smooth and shiny, and the casting is beautiful and exquisite, which is very neat. It is a rare treasure and is praised as "money-saving" by later generations. This Jin Cuodao was collected by Li Zuoxian and cast in the reign of Wang Mang (AD 7). At that time, it was stipulated that one Jin Cuodao was equivalent to five baht and five thousand pieces, and two pieces were exchanged for one catty of gold.

Six, "Xi Shi Ping Jing"

Xiping Book of Songs is the earliest official Confucian classic published on stone tablets in ancient China. Authoritative scholars such as Cai Yong and Li Xun presided over the revision of the text. The inscriptions include seven kinds of classics, such as Lushi, Shangshu, Zhouyi, Yili, Chunqiu, Biography of the Ram and Analects of Confucius, which are printed on 64 giant stone tablets. The Story of the Stone in Xiping was named after it was engraved in Xiping for four years (AD 175) and was also called the Story of the Stone in Han Dynasty. Every word in this Shijing is engraved with only one official script font, so it is also called "One Word Shijing". The Book of Songs was published on the east side in front of the lecture hall of Luoyang Imperial College, the capital of the country at that time, for students to watch and copy. Seven years later, in the rebellion at the end of Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo burned down Luoyang Palace and Temple, leaving imperial academy in ruins. In the sixth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty, The Book of Songs was put into Chang 'an. Later, it was destroyed into today's residual stones and scattered all over the country. The Shi Jing, a copy of Ishihara, was collected by Ma Heng, a modern scholar. Some of them were purchased by Luo Zhenyu and then preserved by Liaoning Provincial Museum. Xi Shi Ping Jing is written in four official scripts, with dignified and beautiful words and quiet momentum.

7. Carve historical stories and draw ivory boards.

A set of 65,438+02 ivory boards, carved for historical stories of Qing Dynasty. The folklore of Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Yu Xia, Zhou Wuwang, Zhou Chengwang, Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty, Emperor Taizong, etc. 12 was carved on the ivory board with a length of/kloc-0.2 and a width of 6.7 cm. The stories are Xuanyuan's making a south guide car, Jin Meng's meeting with the king of Wu, Emperor Gaozu's buying wine to match the public, Emperor Zhaolie's three visits to the thatched cottage, and Ten Thoughts of Emperor Taizong's Kingdom of Ghana. Filling the carved lines with black paint is like drawing a figure. Micro sculpture, commonly known as "ghost work", means that people can't work hard. This set of works is observed under the magnifying glass of 10 times, and the carved lines are vigorous and smooth, and the characters are lifelike. For example, in Ten Thoughts of Emperor Taizong of the Kingdom of Ghana, Emperor Taizong hangs his eyebrows and looks modest. The remonstrating officer sitting across the table wears an official hat, puts his arms on the table and holds his eyes high.

Eight, Hongshan culture jade pig dragon

Late Hongshan Culture, about 5000 ~ 6000 years ago. Western Liaoning is an unprecedented period of jade prosperity, and the types and quantities of jade have developed greatly. Jade Pig Dragon unearthed in Jianping, Liaoning Province, is a late jade article in Hongshan Culture. The pig's head is dragon-shaped, and the whole body is white with chicken bones, some of which are yellow and khaki. The dragon body curled up, end to end, heavy and rough. The image of a pig's head is lifelike, with fat head and big ears, wide eyes and big mouth, prominent nose and mouth, slightly open mouth, exposed fangs, and a face with eye circles and engraved wrinkles. The ring hole in the middle is smooth, and there is a small hole on the back to hang the rope. Jade pig dragon is a symbol of status and status, and it is also one of the earliest dragon-shaped objects in the known era.

Nine, "Tea Hua Hudie Map"

Silk reeling is a handicraft industry with a long history. It is woven with raw silk as warp and full-color silk as weft by the weaving method of "warping and weft breaking". The patterns and colors on the front and back are exactly the same. Kerou Zhu (1127 ~1162), a famous female silk reeling artist in the Southern Song Dynasty, is one of her representative works. This picture weaves blooming camellia in the wind, and a butterfly is facing the camellia in the upper left corner. The petals of camellia overlap clearly, and the layers fade away, showing a change of light and shade. The context is clear, and the positive and negative films reversed in the wind are also vivid. The most wonderful thing is that the trace of a leaf bitten by a bug is also real and vivid. These two works are plain weave, without crochet, which makes the whole picture clean and tidy, with distinct themes and just the right choice of colors, and deserves to be handed down as famous products.

Ten, Yang's "Suzhou bustling map"

Xu Yang's "Suzhou Prosperity Map" in Qing Dynasty is12.5m long, which is a long painting and calligraphy work in Liao Bo's collection. Xu Yang was a famous court painter in Qianlong period, and was highly valued and appreciated by Qianlong. This painting is a masterpiece of genre painting with gratitude. The picture is elegant in color and fresh and natural in style. There are more than 4,000 figures in various colors such as fish, calves, books and firewood, which exquisitely and vividly show the bustling scene of Suzhou in the Qing Dynasty.