How were the local administrative divisions divided in Qing Dynasty?

In the 25th year of Qianlong (1760), after the Qing Dynasty pacified the Junggar khanate, its territory reached its peak, starting from Tangnu Wulianghai area in Mongolia in the north, reaching Siberia in the north and the South China Sea in the south, including "Shitang, Wan Li Sand and Zengmu Shoal in Li Qian" (now the South China Sea Islands), reaching Dawang area in Tibet in the southwest, Nankan and Jiangxinpo areas in Yunnan, and north Myanmar in the west. The land area reached13160,000 square kilometers, and decreased to about11350,000 square kilometers by the end of the Qing Dynasty.

This dynasty has a vast territory. 1662 After the Qing Dynasty unified the Central Plains, it divided the former two Beijing bureaus and envoys into eighteen provinces, which were composed of provinces, prefectures and counties. 1760, the territory was extremely prosperous, and five general jurisdictions were established in Northeast China, Outer Mongolia and Xinjiang to implement custom rule; In addition, the Counsellor's District, the Minister of Tibet Affairs and the Dalai Lama District, the Minister of Xining Affairs District and the Yushu Forty Ethnic Groups in Qinghai have been established in Cobdo, which are in charge of the vast Tibetan areas. The chieftain system was implemented in Yunnan-Guizhou area, and the soil was changed into fluid during Yongzheng period. At the end of Qing Dynasty, Taiwan Province Province and Xinjiang officially established provinces. By the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), the territory of the Qing Dynasty was divided into 22 provinces and special administrative regions.

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In the setting of provinces, it basically followed the 13 bureaus and envoys of the two cities established in the Ming Dynasty, namely, the north and south Beijing and Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Huguang, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. 1644 (the first year of Shunzhi) set Beijing as its capital and Shengjing as its capital. 1645 (the second year of Shunzhi), the northern Zhili was changed to Zhili province, and the southern Zhili was changed to jiangnan province.

1664 (the third year of Kangxi), Huguang was divided into Hubei and Hunan provinces. 1667 (the sixth year of Kangxi), jiangnan province was officially divided into Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province. 1668 (the seventh year of Kangxi), Shaanxi Province was officially divided into Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, and the pattern of so-called "eighteen provinces in the mainland" was formed from then on. They are Zhili, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou.

1885 (11th year of Guangxu) was included in Taiwan Province Province and Fujian Province. Two years later, Taiwan Province Province was officially established as Fujian Taiwan Province Province. 1895 (the 21st year of Guangxu), Taiwan Province Province was ceded to Japan due to the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, and was abolished. 1905 65438+ 10 (December 30th year of Guangxu), Jiangning, Huai 'an, Yangzhou, Xuzhou, Tongzhou and Haizhou in Jiangsu were placed under the jurisdiction of Jianghuai provinces, and then abolished, and remained as Jiangsu provinces. From then on to the end of Qing Dynasty, the mainland kept 18 province, and merged with the three northeastern provinces and Xinjiang province to form 22 provinces.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Administrative Divisions in Qing Dynasty