Zhang Shijie, chief soldier of Shanhaiguan

(National Hero of Southern Song Dynasty)

edit

Zhang Shijie (? -A.D. 1279), born in Fanyang, Zhuozhou (now Fanyang, Hebei). At the end of Song Dynasty, he was a famous anti-Yuan warrior and national hero. A teacher, deputy envoy of the Council, sealed the king of Yue. Together with Lu Xiufu and Wen Tianxiang, they are called "three outstanding men in the late Song Dynasty". He successively established the second emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty and vowed not to lower the Yuan Dynasty. In the end, he was defeated in the naval battle of Yashan and drowned at the foot of Pingzhang Mountain due to hurricane.

Character relationship

put right

Real name

Shijie Zhang

The Times

Song dynasty

Ethnic groups

Han (ha)

birthplace

Zhuozhou fanyang

death time

AD 1279

government post

A teacher, a deputy special envoy of parliament

Knight status

Yue Guogong

Ground position

One of the three outstanding figures in the late Song Dynasty

catalogue

1 character lifetime

Early experience

Ezhou garrison

Diligence in the DPRK

Transfer troops to sea

Defeat Cliff Mountain

Fell into the sea and drowned.

2 Historical evaluation

3 in memory of future generations

ancestral temple

graveyard

Character life editor

Early experience

Zhang Shijie is from Xiangyang. When I was young, I followed Zhang Rou to guard qi zhou. I broke the law. So I fled to Songzhou, and no one in the Huai army knew his name. Ruan Sicong thought he was a wizard and told Lv Wende Lv Wende to recruit him as a primary school. The whole army is under control after many meritorious deeds and promotion to Huangzhou Wuding. After attacking Anton Zhou, the situation was fierce, and Gundam made meritorious service to save Ezhou, and his official position was transferred to ten grades. Soon after, he entered Huangzhou with Jia Sidao, fought on the lawn, regained what was captured by the enemy, and became a sanitation officer. He is called Gaoyou Army and Andong Prefecture. [ 1]

Ezhou garrison

In the fourth year of Xianchun (A.D. 1268), the Yuan army built Lumen Fort, requested the imperial court to send more troops, and sent Zhang Shijie and Xia Gui. When Lu surrendered to the Yuan Army with Xiangyang, the court ordered Zhang Shijie to station five thousand people in Ezhou. Zhang Shijie blocked the two cities with chains, clamped them with artillery and crossbows, sprinkled stakes on prominent places and set up offensive equipment. The yuan army broke through the new city and drove straight down. Zhang Shijie fought hard for World War I, which prevented the Yuan Army from advancing. The Yuan army sent someone to surrender him, but Zhang Shijie wouldn't listen. Bo Yan Yangming, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, captured Yanshan Pass, secretly entered the Hanshui River from Tanggang with the water army, marched eastward to Ezhou, and Ezhou surrendered. [2]

Diligence in the DPRK

Zhang Shijie led the troops into Ann, Raozhou and the imperial court. At that time, the situation was critical, and most generals were called to rescue the court. Only Zhang Shijie came, and Song Duzong sighed and marveled. Within a few months, Zhang Shijie was promoted to rank and knighthood for many times, and he was always the commander-in-chief of the imperial court, from the state defense envoy to the Baokang Army.

Portrait of Zhang Shijie

Send generals to attack everywhere, obtain counties in western Zhejiang, and recover Pingjiang, Anji, Guangde and Liyang. The military situation is quite exciting. In July, Jiao Shan and Liu, and other generals set out on a large scale and ordered ten ships to be moored in the river. No work is allowed without an order, indicating the determination to die. Yuan coach Asu attacked the merged ship with a rocket carrying soldiers full of crossbows. Zhang Shijie's army lost its foothold, and no one dared to fight. More than ten thousand people died in the river. Zhang Shijie was defeated and fled Chui Mountain. The army that asked the imperial court for help got no reply. Soon, he was promoted to the commander of dragons, gods and guards. In October, he was promoted to be an envoy along the river and served as an assistant envoy, also known as Jiangyin Army. Soon the Yuan army arrived in Dushangguan, and the court called Wen Tianxiang into the guard, taking Zhang Shijie as our time for Baokang Army and knowing Pingjiang. Soon, he was also recruited into the Wei court, with more officials and less insurance. [4]

Transfer troops to sea

In the second year of Deyou (AD 1276), the Yuan army approached Lin 'an, and Zhang Shijie invited the emperor, empress and empress dowager to move to the sea. However, when they joined forces with Wen Tianxiang to attack the city, the Prime Minister, Pai Cheng people, courted the Yuan Army. Zhang Shijie disagreed, and the report was stopped by the Queen Mother. Before long, the peace talks were over. Yuan soldiers arrived at Gaoting Mountain, and Zhang Shijie led the troops into Dinghai. Bian Biao, the commander-in-chief of the Stone School, persuaded Zhang Shijie to surrender. Zhang Shijie thought Bian Biao came to go south with himself, killing cattle with his spine and letting him enjoy himself. Halfway through the wine, Bian Biao spoke calmly. Zhang Shijie was furious, cut his tongue and dismembered himself in the Golden Mountain. [5]

In April of the second year of Deyou (AD 1276), Zhang Shijie entered Fuzhou with the two kings. In May, Chen Zun Zhao Yun became the monarch, and Zhang Shijie was ordered to sign the Order in Council. Wang Shiqiang led the Yuan army to attack the Southern Song Dynasty, and Zhang Shijie served as the king of the barbarians, while he led Chen Tiaoyan, Mrs. Xu and other She troops to attack Pu Shougeng, but they did not conquer. In October, the commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army, Suodu, led troops to support the whole state and withdrew. Soon, Suodu sent someone to surrender wangyi, and then Sun Anfu was sent to persuade Zhang Shijie. Zhang Shijie detained Sun Anfu in the army and refused to let him go back. The Yuan Army recruited Liu Shen to attack Repulse Bay, and Zhang Shijie was defeated, so he moved wangyi to Beijing. Liu Shen attacked Beijing Olympics again, and Zhang Shijie repelled Liu Shen, so he moved to Panzhou. [6]

In the third year of Jingyan (A.D. 1278), in the first month, Wang Yong, the general of Yuan Army, attacked Leizhou, and Wang Yong was defeated. In April, Yi Wang died in the Southern Song Dynasty, Wang Wei and Zhao Min proclaimed themselves emperor, and Zhang Shijie was appointed as the deputy envoy of Shaofu and Tommy. In May, Yuan Pai Qiongzhou appeased Zhang Yingke and attacked Leizhou, but all three wars were unsuccessful. In June, there was another decisive battle at the gates of Leizhou, and Zhang Yingke died. Zhang Shijie thought that Tanzhou could no longer live for a long time, and moved Zhao Min to Yashan Mountain in Xinhui. In August, Zhang Shijie was made King of Yue. The imperial court distributed food from Qiongzhou to the army. In October, the Southern Song Dynasty sent Ling Zhen and Wang Daofu to attack Guangzhou, and Ling Zhen was defeated. [7]

Defeat Cliff Mountain

In the second year of Xiangxing (A.D. 1279), the troops of Zhang Hongfan, commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army, and others arrived in Yashan. Someone said to Zhang Shijie, "The northern soldiers blocked Haikou with water.

Map of Yashan naval battle

Our army can't advance or retreat, so why not occupy Haikou first? Lucky to win, this is the blessing of the country; If you can't win, you can still retreat to the west. "Zhang Shijie was worried that the army would be separated at sea for a long time, so he said," When will it be sailing year after year? It's time to fight the enemy. "The markets of the emperor's temporary residence were burned down, and 1000 large ships were connected together to form a water village. Everyone thinks the situation is dangerous. [8] Soon, Zhang Hongfan's soldiers arrived and occupied Haikou, and the roads for chopping wood and pumping water were blocked. Song Jun chewed dry food for more than ten days, and he was very thirsty. He drank under the pressure of sea water, which was salty. After drinking, he vomited and emptied his stomach. Song Jun was very sleepy. [9] Zhang Shijie led Su Liuyi and Fang Xing to fight every day. Zhang Hongfan got a nephew named Han from Zhang Shijie to be his official and sent him to surrender to Zhang Shijie three times. Zhang Shijie counted the ancient monarchs and ministers and said, "I know that I can not only survive, but also be rich, but my ambition to die for the emperor cannot be shaken. "On February 20th, Zhang Hongfan and others attacked the cliff mountain, and Zhang Shijie suffered a crushing defeat, retreating to the boat that the king rode. When the Yuan army approached Song Jun Zhong Jun, Zhang Shijie cut the rope tied to the ship and rushed out of the port with eleven big ships. The rest of you quit and went back to Cliff Mountain. Liu Zili of Yuan Army defeated them and subdued their generals Fang Yulong, Ye Xiurong and Zhang Wenxiu. [ 10]

Fell into the sea and drowned.

Zhang Shijie also wants to serve Empress Yang, beg the descendants of Scott, and then take a beat; However, after hearing the news of Zhao Min's death, Queen Yang also committed suicide by jumping into the sea, and Zhang Shijie buried her by the sea. When the hurricane suddenly blew, the soldiers advised Zhang Shijie to go ashore. Zhang Shijie said, "No need." Then he boarded the tower, and Lu Xiang said, "I've done everything I can about Zhao. One monarch died, another monarch was established, and now I'm dead. The reason why he is not dead is that he hopes that the enemy soldiers will retreat and set up another Zhao family as a memorial. It's not providence to come to this step now! "[1 1] Soon, Zhang Shijie drowned in the storm at the foot of Pingzhang Mountain (about in the sea near Hailing Island in the southwest of Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province). [ 12]

Historical evaluation editor

Wen Tianxiang: Fujian's reconstruction depends on Shijie's efforts. But he has no long-term vision, armed to the teeth, rich in funds, but his affairs are far away. Since the three mountains climbed to the extreme, Shijie sent troops to fight Shaowu and won a great victory. But it is either to defend the national plan or to manage the seagoing ships. When the police arrived in Hainan, nothing could be done in the world. I also blame the battle of the mountains. I didn't keep the gate and made a line, so the ships were tied up and couldn't attack others but were specially attacked. Unfortunately, I didn't know how to be flexible and obey the law. [ 13]

Be careful: Shijie died, and his department took over his inheritance and set a boat back to Yongjia, which hurt Wenying Zhou. The two beauties favored by Zhou Jieshi knew the number of gold and silk in the army, and they kept the secret of dozens of ships. So Shijie is a greedy and lecherous person? However, gold and silk are for the army, not private wealth. Middle-earth is homeless, has families and is not lustful. In the battle of Lushan, the soldiers were afraid of being easily dispersed, so even the ships were connected, so they told the soldiers to die. Loyal ministers and righteous men, when in danger, have their own opinions and don't have to go along with them. [ 13]

Zhao Wenlian: visionary, profound, outstanding deeds, the glory of Shi Ce. After the commentator, all admire his style, aim high and want to see him as a person. [ 14]

Zhao Yi: Later when Germany fell, he could still fight, especially Zhang Shijie. [ 15]

Wen, Zhang and Lu are gone forever, which is particularly touching, distressing and admirable. Liuhe, a corner of the dispute, is guarding an indisputable island, knowing that it is useless and turned into infatuation. Later generations may laugh at it for being pedantic, ignorant and unreasonable. Wen, Zhang and Lu are all loyal, but I have tried my best. After reading Zhuge Wuhou's "Model", my conclusion is: "Do your best, die before you die, and be blunt when you are defeated, which is not what you should look at." Most of them are loyal ministers and righteous men through the ages, especially Zhang and Lu. The Song Dynasty died, but the rule did not. Therefore, Hu Yuncai was less than 100 years old and returned to the Ming Dynasty. It was sad for a generation, but it was lucky for a hundred years. [ 16]

Xiong Yi: Those famous Neo-Confucians, such as Xu Heng and Wu Chengbei, all bow down. Only Wen Tianxiang, Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu and Xie Dieshan refused to be ministers and all died. [ 17]

Posterity commemorative editor

ancestral temple

Zhang Shijie Ancestral Temple, located in Zhu Min Road, Tiantai County, was built to commemorate Zhang Zhang Shijie, an anti-Yuan hero in the late Southern Song Dynasty. The temple has a quadrangular layout in the east-west direction. In front is the hard peak main entrance with five bays, in the north and south is the wing with single slope roof, and in the east is the main temple with three bays. Now it is a county-level cultural relics protection unit.

After Zhang Shijie's death, his wife and young son took refuge on the rooftop during the war, so his descendants settled on the rooftop. Tiantai people built a ancestral temple for him after his martyrdom, offering memorial tablets. Since then, it has become the ancestral hall of the Zhang family.

Zhang Shijie stone statue

After liberation, the ancestral hall was taken over by Tiantai County Grain Management Bureau and converted into a grain depot. After the 1970s, it became a staff dormitory. It has been renovated as the elderly activity center of the county grain bureau.

The plane of the main hall is three bays and two depths, and the roof is a hook structure, that is, two roofs on the front and back slopes. The front roof is slightly lower than the rear roof, and the length of the ridge line is slightly shorter than the back. Two opposite slopes of two roofs intersect on the same purlin. On the east-west axes of the two roofs, the third roof vertically overlaps between the two slopes, with the same height as the previous roof, so that the main hall as a whole forms an I-shaped roof ridge.

The carving technique of the ancestral temple is also quite skillful. The corbel flower boxing on the five dynasties door and the moonlight flower decorations on the front porch of the main temple are very full and smooth, and the symbols of birds and animals are clever but vivid. [ 19]

graveyard

See entry: Zhang Shijie's Tomb.

Zhang Shijie's Tomb is located in Huangyang Village, Jing 'an Town, Doumen County. The tomb seat faces east from west, covering an area of 6 16 square meters. Three times to the ridge, two times to wave hands around twists and turns, three times to worship the platform, a golden well, a pair of graves, and a scholar in front. The grave is made of grey sand and the tombstone is made of bluestone. The inscription reads: "Zhang Shijie's tomb was hidden by Zhang Gong, the envoy of the Song Dynasty." . [ 19]

Famous military and political generals in Southern Song Dynasty

Yue Fei? Han Shizhong? Liu Guangshi? Where is Yu? Wen Tianxiang? Zong Ze

Li Tingzhi? Zhang Jun? Qin Gui? Liu Wei? Jia sidao? Lady of General Hongyu

Zheng Yang? Liu Zhengyan? Li Bao? Zhang Shijie? Li Gang? Meng Gong

Orfila? Wu Lin? Yang Yizhong? Li Xianzhong? Bi zaiyu

reference data

1. History of Song Dynasty Volume 45 1 Biography 2 10: Zhang Shijie, a native of Fanyang. Less loyal, guilty, then rush song, soldiers, unknown so. Ruan Sicong was surprised to see it, saying that Lv Wende and Wende called it a primary school. Thanks to hard work, all the troops in Huangzhou Wuding are under control. Attack Anton Zhou and fight hard to help Ezhou and turn to ten officials. Find Jia Sidao to enter Huangzhou, mow the lawn, catch prisoners, add sanitation officers, and get to know Gaoyou Army and Anton House.

2. History of Song Dynasty Volume 45 1 Biography 2 10: In the fourth year of Xianchun, the army built Lumen Fort, invited foreign soldiers to the DPRK, and transported Shijie and Xia Gui here. He also ordered Xiangyang to be lowered and Shijie to keep five thousand people in Ezhou. Shijie locked the two cities with iron bars and clamped them with artillery crossbows. All its important strongholds were fenced and equipped with offensive tools. The army broke through the new town and marched straight in. World leaders struggle hard and cannot move forward. He sent someone to recruit him and refused to listen. The Prime Minister attacked Yangyan Mountain Pass, from sneaking into Han, attacking Hubei in the east, and Hubei fell.

3. Zhang Shijie. Map of celebrities in past dynasties [reference date 20 14-04-9]

4. The History of Song Dynasty (Volume 45 1 Biography 2 10): Shijie sent troops to Wei, and the road to Raozhou was the entrance to the DPRK. When the situation is critical, there are not many diligent generals, only they come and sigh. From the state defense envoys to the Baokang Army, the President Shuai is a government soldier. Sending troops out to take counties in western Zhejiang, Pingjiang, Anji, Guangde and Liyang were regained, and the situation was quite impressive. In July, he and his general Liu set out for Jiao Shan, and ordered them to dock at the river bank with ten boats as a sign of death unless they were ordered not to do so. Marshal Ashu led his troops to attack it with rockets. The elite soldiers in the world were in chaos and did not dare to act rashly. More than 10,000 people died in the river. Defeat, rush to the mountain. Please ask the Economic Affairs Department not to report it. Find Luo Long, Shenwei compartments in command. In October, he went to recruit envoys along the river and was adapted as an agreement to know the Jiangyin Army. The army has arrived at Dushuguan, calling Wen Tianxiang into the guard, taking Shijie as our time and knowing Pingjiang. Call the guards when looking for them, plus check for less insurance.

5. History of the Song Dynasty Volume 45 1 Biography 2 10: In the first month of the following year, the army forced Lin 'an, and Shijie demanded to move the three cities into the sea and join hands with Tianxiang to attack the city. Pai Cheng, the prime minister, went to make peace and was stopped by the White Queen Mother. After a while, the peace talks also came to an end. Soldiers arrived at Gaoting Mountain, and Shijie led troops into Dinghai. Shi sent the commander-in-chief Bian Biao to persuade him to surrender. Shijie thought that the watch came from the south and enjoyed it. After half a glass of wine, Biao spoke calmly. Shijie was furious and broke his tongue, making him Jinzishan.

6. The History of Song Dynasty (Volume 45 1 Biography 2 10): In April, I entered Fuzhou from Erwang. In May, he gave priority to Yi Zhong and signed a letter to the Privy Council. Wang Shiqiang led the army to attack it, and Shijie became the king, which benefited from this. However, since then, Chen Tiaoyan and Mrs. Xu attacked Pu Shougeng, and there was no shortage. 10, the marshal persuaded all the soldiers to help spring, so he was relieved. Then they sent someone to recruit the king, and then they sent Sun Anfu to say that the stone tablet was detained by Anfu, and the stone tablet was not sent. Liu Shen was invited to attack Repulse Bay, and Shijie was defeated. He moved the king to Jing 'ao and came back to attack Jing 'ao, but Shijie fought against it because it was a stone island.

7. History of Song Dynasty Volume 45 1 Biography 2 10: In the first month of the fifteenth year of Yuan Dynasty, Wang Yong was sent to attack Leizhou, and he was defeated. In April, King Yi died, and King Wei stood upright and worshipped Shi Jie, Shao Fu and Tommy. In May, Qiongzhou was sent to appease Zhang Yingke and attack Leizhou. All three wars were unfavorable. Fight Leicheng again in June, and you will die. Shijie couldn't live in Weizhou any longer, but moved to Yashan, Wang Xinhui. In August, the King of Yue was appointed. Send Qiongzhou Xiaomi to the army. In October, Ling Zhen and Wang Daofu were sent to attack Guangzhou, and the earthquake was defeated.

8. Volume 184 of "A Mirror for Continuing Capital Management": Zhang Shijie still said: "If the northern soldiers block the sea with the boat owner, I can't advance or retreat, but I have to follow it first! Fortunately, victory is also a blessing to the country; If invincible, you can still go west. " Worried about being at sea for a long time, Shijie said, "When is it often to sail?" ? It is necessary to win or lose today. "So he set off for the grass market, built a thousand boats and made a word" Chen ". In the middle of the sea, the middle of the ship was outside the ship and was penetrated by a big rope. Around it, the iron fence is like a city wall. It is a dead plan to live in it in the Song Dynasty, and everyone is in danger.

9. The History of the Song Dynasty (Volume 45 1) Biography 2 10: Marshal Zhang Hongfan and other soldiers will go up the cliff next year, or Shijie will say, "The northern soldiers blocked Haikou with sailors, so I can't advance or retreat, so I just take Haikou first." Fortunately, victory is also a blessing to the country; "If you can't win, you can go west." Worried that there will be centrifugal force at sea for a long time, Shijie said, "When do you often sail?" ? Now we must fight to the end. "Knowing that it was burned in the grass market, thousands of ships were water rafts. Everyone is in danger in order to stick to his plan. Fan Bing has arrived. According to Haikou, the firewood has been used up. The soldiers have eaten dry food for more than ten days, and they are very thirsty. When they were drinking in the sea, the sea was salty and the soldiers were sleepy. Shijie led Su Liuyi and Fang Xing's war against Japan.

10. History of Song Dynasty Volume 45 1 Biography 2 10: Shijie led the Su Liuyi-Fangxingri War. Hong Fan got a nephew from Shijie and made him an official. Shijie counted the ancient loyal ministers and said, "I know that I was born rich, but I will never change my ears for the sake of the Lord." In February, Gui Wei and Hong Fan attacked the cliff mountain, and Shijie was defeated and Wei was taken. The army was under siege, and Bo Zhong Jun and Ding Wei were in Duan Wei, and seized more than ten warships in the port. Later, he withdrew from the cliff mountain, and Liu Zili defeated the cliff mountain, reducing his generals Fang Yulong, Ye Xiurong and Zhang Wenxiu to more than 40 people.