"Northern History" Volume 60 Biographies 48 (3)

When Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was long Qian, he was very close to Xin Qing, and he became the prime minister, and he was kind to Milong. Yuchi Jiong made a rebellion and appointed Xin as the commander-in-chief of the march. Wei Xiaokuan of the Sui Dynasty attacked him. At that time, when the army was in Heyang, the emperor ordered Gao Juong to rush to the post to supervise the army. The only one who conspired with Ying to make progress was Xin. Jiong sent his son Dun to gather troops and troops, and Xin defeated them. Entering Linxiangzhou, he sent 3,000 fine armors to lay down on Yema Gang. Xin attacked them with 500 cavalry and captured them all. Entering Caoqiao, Jiong refused to defend it. Xin defeated it with a surprise force and went straight to Yexia. They formed a formation at the back of the city and had a great battle. The officers and soldiers were at a disadvantage. At that time, there were tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians in Yecheng watching the battle. Xin Nai called out: "The thief has been defeated." The troops regained their strength and attacked with all their strength. The army was defeated. When he reached Pingye, he moved to Shangzhu State due to his meritorious service. Emperor Wen said, "Wei Chijun conquered all the people in Shandong, including millions of troops. He was promoted without any final calculations, and his strategy was without a full array. He is a hero in the world." He was granted the title of Duke of England.

Since then, every time I stand under the curtains, go in and out of the bed, and in the Zen era, I feel very energetic. Later, he paid homage to the general who led the army on the right and favored Gu Mi Zhong. Xin understood the art of war and controlled the troops in order. At that time, the six armies did a good deed. Although it was not Xin Jian, the subordinates often said to each other: "This must be a British public law." They saw it and believed it. Later, it was changed to enshrine the Duke of the country. The superior wanted to order Xin to attack the Turks, but Gao Ying said: "Xin has different ambitions and cannot be entrusted with large troops." He stopped. Since Xin was a minister of meritorious officials and frequently served with generals, he had a very prestigious reputation. Therefore, he was slightly tabooed and ordered to be dismissed from his post. I got close to Liang Shiyan and kept in touch with him several times. Scholars also resented and had evil intentions. Xin said to Shiyan: "How can an emperor be permanent? Just support each other. When the Duke rises in Puzhou, I will join the army. If the two formations are equal, and then connect in the middle, the world can be conquered." He planned to betray and execute him, and his family registration was lost. Xin Di Kai.

Kai, whose courtesy name was Anle, was a meritorious official in the Zhou Dynasty. He was given the title of Uncle Shuangquan at the age of three, and was granted the title of Duke of Anping at the age of seven. Kai rarely had a weapon, and all his brothers used bows and horses to reach their own heights, but Kai alone was eager to learn. He is the secretary of the Expo, interprets literature, has many tricks, and is known as the Young Master. He was later moved to the imperial office of Zhengzhong Dafu and Yitong Three Divisions. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was the prime minister, and he also opened the government office and became a senior official in the army. When Jian Guan was killed, Yu Wen's family was executed. Kai also killed him to show his separation from Zhou Ben. Since his brother Xin had meritorious service, he was pardoned. Later, he paid homage to the deputy eunuch of Yingzong Temple and the prince Zuo Shuzi. After the temple was completed, he was granted the title of Duke of Zengshan County. When it came to moving the capital, Kai had an ingenious idea and ordered the deputy superintendent to lead the new capital. Although Gao Jiong had a general outline, all his plans came from Kai. He also decided to reach the Wei River to the river for canal transportation, and ordered the governor to do so. Later, he became the governor of Laizhou and was very famous. Si brother Xin Zhu was removed from the family and could not be transferred for a long time.

The imperial court thought that Lu Ban’s old way would not work for a long time, so he ordered Kai to repair it. After the Renshou Palace was built, the right servant shot Yang Suyan and Kai had an ingenious idea, so he inspected the school and made it a great craftsman. When he was more than a year old, he became the eunuch of Renshou Palace and was given the same ceremony as the three ministers. He was looking for a general to serve as a young eunuch. When the Queen of Documents died, Kai and Yang Su camped at the mountain mausoleum. The best person will be reinstated as Duke of Anping County. Emperor Yang ascended the throne and moved the capital to Luoyang. He appointed Kai as the deputy superintendent of the eastern capital and looked for the general to be a great craftsman. Kai Chui emperor's heart was grand and extravagant, so the system of the Eastern Capital was extremely magnificent. Emperor Dayue came to the throne to open a palace and paid homage to the Minister of Works. As for the battle of the Great Wall, imperial edicts were issued to regulate it. At that time, the emperor was touring the north. In order to praise Rong and Di, he ordered Kai to make a large tent with thousands of people sitting under him. The emperor was very pleased and gave him thousands of gifts. He also built the Guanfengxing Hall, with hundreds of guards on top, clutching and coupling, and a wheel axle on the bottom, which moved quickly and suddenly, as if it were a magical power. Rong Di was horrified when he saw it. The emperor is very happy, and the rewards before and after are incomparable.

It’s time to restore the Mingtang, and no one can make a decision. Kai Bo studied the records of the people and wrote them for the Mingtang drawings. It is also said that "Zhang Heng's whole image is divided into three parts into one degree, Pei Xiuyu's territory is divided into one inch into a thousand miles, and the map I made is divided into one into one foot, and it is deduced." It is also cited in the current discussion that some Qijings may be used as the main building, or round lintels may be used as the main building. This will be conjecture and the facts are unknown. Now I record the difficulties and provide explanations for them, and provide evidence to illustrate them. Regarding the discussion, he said:

Chen Kai would like to follow "Huainanzi" and say: "In the past, Shen Nong ruled the world. The sweet rain came at the right time, the grains were planted, the spring grew and the summer grew, the autumn harvested and the winter stored, and the moon saved time. Kao, offering tribute throughout the year, tasting the grain at the right time, and offering sacrifices to the Mingtang. The Mingtang is covered and has no four sides. It cannot be attacked by wind or rain, and cannot be damaged by dampness. "Chen Kai thought it was ancient and simple, so he created the Dian. punishment. "Shang Shu Emperor's Mingxian" says: "The emperor inherits the sky and establishes five mansions to respect the heaven and the elephant. Red is called Wenzu, yellow is called Shendou, white is called Xianji, black is called Xuanju, and green is called Lingfu." Notes It says: "The heavenly mansion of Yu in the Tang Dynasty, the family room of the Xia Dynasty, the important house of the Yin Dynasty, and the bright hall of the Zhou Dynasty are all the same." "Zizi" said: "There is a Yu family named Zongzhang." "Zhou Guan Kao Gong Ji" said: " Xia Hou's family built twenty-seven halls, and built four halls to build one. "Note: "The repair is deep from the north to the south. If Xia Du takes one step, he will repair fourteen steps of the hall, and then the hall will be wide. Seventeen and a half steps.

"Chen Kai's case: In the era of the three kings, Xia was the most ancient. They focused on quality and literature, so they should have gradually become more generous. Why is the Xia family a large Yin hall? It is impossible to argue based on comparison. "Records" says: "Tangxiu Er Seven, master the four and cultivate one. "If Xia Du takes steps, he should practice seven steps. Note: "In this hall, practice fourteen steps. "It is an addition to the text of "Ji". There are no additional characters in Yin and Zhoutang, which means that the meanings and examples are different. The original version of "Li" in Shandong often adds the character "erqi", so how can it be that Yin did not add the text of "Xun", and Zhou Que added "Fan" The meaning of this is that it may not be the case. There is no word "二" in the ancient books of Huxiao School. One hundred and forty-four feet, the people of Zhou thought that the Mingtang was between two pillars. "The words of Ma Gong are only one side of the hall. According to this, the three generations of hall foundations are aligned, and it can be made as shown in the picture above. What is said in various books is also shown below. Zheng's annotation of "Zhou Guan" is unique for this The righteousness is not straight and contrary to ancient times, but it is also based on the "Li" text. I am afraid that I will not be satisfied.

"Xi Zi" said: "The Yin people are in Yangguan." "Kao Gong Ji" says: "The people of Yin Dynasty built many houses, built seven halls, three feet high, and four heavy houses." "Note:" Its cultivation is seven feet, five feet and six feet. If it is released during the Xia and Zhou Dynasties, its breadth will be nine fathoms, seven feet and two feet. "Also said: "The Zhou Dynasty Mingtang had banquets of Duhe Chi, nine banquets in the east and west, seven banquets in the north and south, one banquet in the hall, five rooms, and two banquets in the common room. "Book of Rites Mingtang Wei" says: "The emperor's temple has double eaves. Zheng Zhuyun said: "Rebuilding a temple means building a new house." Annotation of "Yamazao" says: "The Tianzi Temple and the roadside dormitories are all made like Mingtang." "The Rite Picture" says: "Above the inner room, look up to the sky, look at eighty-one feet, and get the number of the palace. Its sound is turbid, which is the image of the king." "Dadaili" said: "Mingtang existed in ancient times." There are nine rooms in each room, with four households and eight rooms, covered with thatch, with a round top and a bottom. The outer water is called Biyong. The houses are decorated with red and the windows are decorated with white. The hall is three feet high, nine feet long from east to west, and seven feet from north to south. The palace is three hundred paces wide. ""Mortal diseases, animal epidemics, and grain disasters. Born in a bad fate. If the way of heaven is not favorable, you will be born in a bright hall without any decoration. Therefore, if there is a natural disaster, the bright hall will be decorated. "Book of Zhou" says: "The bright hall is one hundred and twelve feet square, four feet high, and the steps are six feet and three inches wide. The interior of the room is one hundred feet square, and the interior is sixty feet square, eight feet high, and four feet wide." "Zuo Luo" says: "There are four places, namely the Mingtang, the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and the road bed, which are very high and have many corridors." "Kong's Note says: "The buildings are too heavy and the houses are too heavy. "

"Litu" says: "Qin Mingtang has nine rooms and twelve floors, each with its own residence. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" has twelve halls. "Same as "Yue Ling". It doesn't matter the length. Chen Kai's case: Although the twelve levels are not consistent with the "Li", there is one level per month, which is not unreasonable.

"Huang Tu" says: "The hall is one hundred and forty-four feet square, and the square of Kun is like the earth; the house is round, and the diameter of the lintel is two hundred and sixteen feet, and the square of Qian is like the sky. The nine palaces of the room are the variables of Jiuzhou; the six feet of the Taishi are the variables of the Yin of the Fa; the twelve halls are the variables of the Yin of the Fa; the thirty-six households are the variables of the Yin of the Faji; the seventy-two furrows are the number of days obtained by the five elements of the Fa; and the eight elephants are Eight winds, Dharma and Eight Diagrams; the diameter of the Tongtian platform is nine feet, and the Dharma stems are covered with nine. The height is eighty-one feet, and the number of nine-nine is the yellow bell; the twenty-eight pillars are like the twenty-eight constellations; the hall is three feet high, with three earth steps, and the Dharma is three Unify; the four directions and five colors of the hall follow the four seasons and the five elements; the seventy-two steps from the palace gate to the hall follow the five elements. The entrance hall is four feet long, two-thirds of the length of the imperial palace. The wall is high enough to not blind the eyes, and there is a six-foot-high wall outside. The square of the palace wall is in the water, which is the yin of the earth; the water is surrounded by the outside, like the four seas, and the yang of the circle; the width of the water is twenty-four feet, which corresponds to the twenty-four qi; the inner diameter of the water is three feet, which corresponds to the "Jin Rituals Sutra". In the second year of Emperor Wu's Yuanfeng reign, the Mingtang was built on the Wen Shang, which had no room, and the exterior layout was based on this system. "Taishan Tongyi" is now dead and cannot be obtained or distinguished.

In August of the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Mingtang and the south gate of Chang'an City were built, and the system was as formal as possible. One hall, with walls on all sides, eight gates and eight views, an embankment around the water and high soil. The Four Directions Peace Conference was built for thirty years. On the sixth day of the first month of the fifth year of Xinwei, Emperor Gao, Taizu of the First Suburbs, came to match the sky. On the 22nd day of Dinghai, Emperor Xiaowen was worshiped in Mingtang to be worthy of God. If there are hundreds of sages and ministers who are useful to them, they will be sacrificed accordingly. He personally supported the three old men and the five men, exposed them and cut the animals, and then knelt down and entered. Due to the season of the class, benevolence is declared. The princes and clans, the leaders of the four barbarians, and the Xiongnu servants from the Western Kingdom all paid tribute and assisted in the sacrifice.

"Illustrations of Rites" says: "In the 30th year of Jianwu's reign, there was a hall with a circle at the top and a circle at the bottom. The circle is the sky and the earth. The twelve halls are the sun and the sun, the nine rooms are the nine states, and the eight windows are like eight Feng, 8972, is the king of Fayi. There are two households in the house, and the king of Fatu is 18th. The main altar in the inner hall is three feet high, and the earth steps are three. "Hu Boshi's Notes on Han. "Guan" said: "In ancient Qing Dynasty, the temple was built with thatch, but now it is built with tiles, and thatch is borrowed under the tiles to recommend the ancient system." "Tokyo Fu" said: "It is the three palaces where the government is enacted. The temple is restored with double rooms. There are eight rooms and nine rooms. The boat is built in a clear pond, but the water is clear. "Xue Zong" notes: "The temple is covered with multiple buildings, which means that the house is flat and covered with multiple buildings."

"Xu Han Shu Sacrifice Chronicles" says: "In the second year of Yongping reign of Emperor Ming Dynasty, the five emperors were worshiped in Mingtang. The five emperors sat in their respective places, and the Yellow Emperor was still there, all sitting in the southern suburbs. Guangwu is located to the south of Qingdi, with a small retreat. To the west, there is a calf on each side, playing music like the southern suburbs. "Chen Kai'an's "Poetry" says: ""I will" is dedicated to King Wen in Mingtang. I will enjoy what I have, and I will protect the sheep and the cattle. "According to this, prepare a sacrifice for Dalao. A calf today may be different from the ancient times. Since before the Jin Dynasty, there have been no owl tails, and the walls and doors are decorated with water, as shown in this picture.

Jin "Daily Living" Note: Pei Yu commented: "The meaning of respecting ancestors and matching heaven is clear, but the rationale for the system of temples is not clear. It can be built into a hall to worship and worship, and all other miscellaneous things can be eliminated. "Chen Kai'an": "The sky hangs down the elephant, and the sage follows it." "Piyong's Star has a diagram, and the Jin Dynasty has a square structure, which is inconsistent with astronomy. There are no double towers, and there is no Bishui. The empty hall obeys the meaning of five rooms, and the straight hall violates the nine-level text. It is not the ancient deception. What's too much!

The Later Wei Dynasty built a round wall in the south of Beitai City, outside the Bi River, with doors standing in the water, not connected to the wall. The rooms are connected by alleys, and there are many irregularities. The rooms are all made of chisels and are extremely ugly. "Le Zhi of the Later Wei Dynasty" says: "In the second year of Xiaochang, the Mingtang was established. Some people said that there were nine rooms, or there were five rooms." Cut off from the fifth room. After Yuan Cha came to power, it was restructured into nine chambers. It's impossible to be in chaos. "

Song Dynasty's "Living Notes" said: "In the fifth year of Xiaowu's reign during the Ming Dynasty, Mingtang was established. Its walls were standardized and planned to be the same as those of the Imperial Ancestral Temple, with only twelve rooms to match the number of periods. According to the "Wenshang Tuyi" of the Han Dynasty, five emperors were established, with Emperor Taizu and Emperor Wen competing against each other. The tripod and the 簠簋 are in accordance with the temple ceremony. "

After Liang Wu came to the throne, he moved the Taiji Hall in the Song Dynasty to be a bright hall, with no rooms and twelve rooms. "Etiquette Questions" says: "The sacrifices were made of pure materials, lacquered and tiled bottles, and the inscriptions were placed on the outskirts. At the temple, only one offering is made with sake. "After it was leveled, I got my eyesight, so I measured the number of steps and recorded the feet. I still saw the burnt pillars, which were destroyed and were buried in the ground for ten feet, just like before. Camphor wood was used as a tarsus under the pillar, which was ten feet long. The remaining two are about four feet wide, and the palace and city are located in the interior of the country. Although they are narrow and unobtrusive, the spirit of the ancestors is respected and respected.

In the second generation of Zhou and Qi Dynasties, there were no repairs, and the great feast was entrusted to Yan Mitu.

Since ancient times, there are only two copies of "Mingtang Tu". One is Zong Zhou, Liu Xi and Ruan. The three pictures are roughly the same, written by Chen and Liu Changzong. The first one was written in the 30th year of Jianwu's reign in the Later Han Dynasty. There is a copy of "Litu", but the author is unknown. Picture. It is made of wood. The lower part is a square hall, and the upper part is a circular view with four doors. .