Details of boxwood in Phnom Penh

Boxwood in Phnom Penh, also known as Boxwood in Phnom Penh, is the official wood in Phnom Penh, and has seven incense in Phnom Penh. Euonymus, a variety of Euonymus holly. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree, with slightly quadrangular branchlets, dense branches and leaves, opposite spherical cap and single leaf, obovate or elliptic, with blunt teeth at the edge, dark green surface and golden luster at the leaf edge. Cymes are axillary, with long stems and green and white flowers. Capsule spherical, reddish, aril orange. The Latin scientific name is Buxus megishylla.

Chinese name: Buxus macrophylla Latin scientific name: Buxus macrophylla, Buxus macrophylla, Qilixiang in Phnom Penh Naming: Buxus macrophylla cv. Austria-Malaysia boundary: Botany: Angiosperms: Dicotyledonous: Euphorbia: Euonymaceae: Euonymus species: Buxus macrophylla distribution: mixed forest areas of subtropical, northern, tropical deciduous and evergreen broad-leaved forests in East Asia. Common species: Euonymus japonicus and Euonymus japonicus, their morphological characteristics, growth environment, distribution range, main value, garden application, cultivation techniques, propagation techniques, pest control, variety types and morphological characteristics. Buxus macrophylla is an evergreen shrub and one of the species of Buxus macrophylla, which is characterized by yellow or white leaves with yellow stripes in the middle, yellow new leaves, green leaves and white edges. Boxwood in Phnom Penh is more than 4 meters high and its crown is 3 meters wide. It grows fast, is easy to reproduce and has strong adaptability. This is a good foliage shrub landscape. Shrubs, up to 3 meters high; Branchlets quadrangular, slightly wrinkled. Leaves leathery, glossy, obovate or oval, 3-5 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, with rounded or sharp apex, wedge-shaped base and shallow, thin and blunt teeth at the edge; The petiole is about 65438 0 cm long. The cyme has 5- 12 flowers, the peduncle is 2-5 cm long, and it branches 2-3 times. The branches and peduncle are flat and stout, and the third branch is often as long as or short as the small peduncle. Pedicel 3-5 mm long; White and green, 5-7 mm in diameter; Petals are nearly ovoid, about 2 mm in length and width, stamens and anthers are oblong and introverted; Filaments are 2-4 mm long; The ovary has 2 ovules per locule, which are inserted at the top of the central axis. Capsule subglobose, about 8 mm in diameter, reddish; Seeds per room 1, terminal, oval, about 6 mm long, 4 mm in diameter, aril orange-red, covering all seeds. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruit ripens in 9-65438+1October. Boxwood in Phnom Penh is an evergreen shrub or small tree, which is old, dry and brown with slight longitudinal stripes. The branchlets are slightly quadrangular, with dense branches and opposite lateral branches, smooth and hairless. The crown is spherical. The single leaf is opposite, obovate or elliptic, 3-5 cm long, thick leathery, with blunt teeth at the edge, obvious pinnate veins, dark green and shiny surface. Small cymes are born in axillary branches, with long stalks and green and white flowers. The capsule is spherical and contains red seeds. The flowering period is May-June, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October. The leaves are light green and clean, with yellow and white stripes, beautiful and elegant. It is an ideal material for hedges and bonsai, suitable for arranging doorways and central flower beds, and can also be potted for viewing. Artificial cultivation, the plant height is controlled at about 1m, and the aril is orange. Growing environment Buxus buxus in Phnom Penh likes warm and humid environment, which is not strict with soil, drought-resistant and cold-resistant, and simple to cultivate. Boxwood in Phnom Penh is also very resistant to pollution and sulfur dioxide, and it is the first choice for evergreen plants in heavily polluted industrial and mining areas. Landscape uses are mainly leaf viewing, with low maintenance cost and very high transplanting survival rate, which can reach 97% if properly maintained. Boxwood in Phnom Penh is mostly propagated by cutting, and can take root 30 days after cutting. Distribution: North subtropical deciduous, evergreen and broad-leaved mixed forest areas (major cities: Nanjing, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Nantong, Changzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou, Hefei, Wuhu, Jiangyin, Bengbu, Anqing, Huainan, Xiangyang and Shiyan). Subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest area of Boxwood seedlings in Phnom Penh (main cities: Wuhan, Shashi, Huangshi, Yichang, Nanchang, Jingdezhen, Jiujiang, Ji 'an, Jinggangshan, Ganzhou, Shanghai, Changsha, Zhuzhou, Yueyang, Huaihua, Jishou, Changde, Xiangtan, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Guilin, Wenzhou, Jinhua, Ningbo, Chongqing, Chengdu, etc. Some warm temperate cities in the north also have a small amount of cultivation. The application of color in the main value garden construction is inseparable. In garden construction, red, yellow and green shrubs are often used to form color blocks to enrich the color composition of gardens. Because there are few red and yellow plants, Acer truncatum and Berberis purpurea are mostly used as red shrubs, Ligustrum lucidum with golden leaves is mostly used as yellow shrubs, and there are many kinds of green shrubs, such as Buxus macrophylla and Ilex pubescens. Landscape foliage plants have shiny leaves, bright green tender leaves and mottled leaves that are particularly beautiful. And extremely resistant to pruning, it is a common hedge tree species in the courtyard. It can be planted by molding doorways or as the center of flower beds. Cultivation techniques and propagation techniques usually adopt cross-firing propagation: spread a sand bed with good water permeability and disinfect the sand bed with potassium permanganate or carbendazim two days in advance. Prepare alcohol and plant rooting powder, and prepare the solution according to the instructions. Don't choose too tender branches when cutting. Those with high lignification are easy to take root and sprout. When pruning, leave the trunk and cut off the side branches. After pruning, at least one bud "root" is left to facilitate the next pruning. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the cuttings and leave 3 ~ 4 leaves on the upper part. After the cuttings are repaired, they are soaked in rooting water. Open a ditch on the sand bed with a spatula, put the cuttings in 5- 10 cm, cover the soil and compact after placing, and the row spacing is 10-20 cm. Keep proper temperature and humidity during cutting, water according to the temperature and humidity, and keep the leaves moist all the time. Don't over-water, prolong rooting time, and reduce watering appropriately after seedlings take root. Generally, it will take root about 30 days after cutting, and it can also be potted in time. Potted nutrient soil can use sand, soil and peat soil, each accounting for one third, which is convenient for ventilation and will not fill the pot too full. Pest control Buxus buxus larvae spin silk to connect the surrounding leaves and twigs as temporary nests, and then feed in them. In severe cases, the leaves are eaten up, resulting in the death of seedlings. Morphological characteristics: the wings are gray-white, with purple-brown broadband at the front edge, outer edge and rear edge, and two white spots on the purple-brown band at the front edge. The scales are shiny and purple. Larvae head is black, trunk is yellow-green, dorsal line, sub-dorsal line and upper petal line are dark green to dark green, and petal line is orange. The occurrence law of Buxus buxus adults: 2-3 generations occur in the northern region every year. The larvae overwinter with thin cocoons in bracts, and the adults lie in the daytime and come out at night, which has phototaxis. Control method: (1) artificial killing: during the spawning period of adults, combine with seedling pruning, remove egg pieces and insect bracts, and focus on burning. ⑵ Trap and kill with black light in adult stage. ⑶ When the larvae are seriously damaged, 50% cartap emulsion 1000 times can be sprayed; Or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 2000 times solution; 500-fold solution spraying of Bt emulsion (note: it is forbidden to use Bt emulsion and bactericide at the same time, and the spraying effect is better after 4 pm on cloudy days). Eupolyphaga macrophylla larvae eat leaves, and after eating all the leaves, they eat the cortex of the shoots, resulting in the death of the whole plant. Overwintering with pupae, adults have weak flight ability and strong phototaxis. Morphological characteristics of Eupolyphaga macrophylla: the wings of adults and females are silvery white with light gray stripes, with different sizes and irregular arrangement. There are continuous light gray stripes on the outer edge of the front wing, and the middle line is not in a line. There is a big spot at the end of the medial chamber and a dark yellow, brown and gray spot on the wing base. The abdomen is golden yellow, and the stripes are composed of 9 rows of black spots. The male moth has seven lines of stripes on her abdomen. The larvae are all black, with yellow backboard on the chest, five nearly square black spots, and yellow petal line and belly line width. Control method: (1) Using the phototaxis of adults, light trapping was carried out in the adult stage. ⑵ Spraying 50% chlorfenapyr EC for 500 times or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin for 2000 times during the larval damage period. ⑶ Destroy the egg mass during spawning. Turn over the roots in winter to kill the overwintering pupae. Japanese tortoise shell has one generation a year, and overwinters on the branches with fertilized female adults. Morphological characteristics: female adult, wax shell gray or slightly fleshy red, oval. Male adult, dark brown or brown, deep head, chest backboard. If it is a nymph, the wax shell is oval to oval, and the back is slightly raised. Methods for vector control of Ceroplastes japonicus: (1) Quarantine measures: When purchasing seedlings in different places, plant quarantine procedures must be strictly implemented to prevent artificial transmission of pests. ⑵ Strengthen garden conservation management: through conservation management, create environmental conditions that are not suitable for the survival of scale insects. Implement rotation planting, clear the garden in time, focus on burning fallen leaves, weeds, pests and branches, reduce the population base of overwintering pests, rationally fertilize, and enhance the stress resistance of plants. Reasonable pruning can make it ventilated, change the living environment of ostracods, weaken its fecundity and reduce its harm. ⑶ Chemical control: When the population density is not high, a small amount of dichlorvos and water (1:50 ~ 100 times) can be dipped with a soft brush to kill it. Spray washing powder and diesel emulsion at the peak of nymph; 150 ~ 200 times neem oil emulsion; 1% oxymatrine 1000 to 2000 times solution; 2000-2500 times of vigorous killing, spraying once every 10 days or so, spraying three times in a row. (4) Protect natural enemies such as parasitic bees. Peach pink aphid, wingless viviparous female aphid and nymph aphid gather on branches and young leaves to suck juice. There are often white waxy secretions on the damaged leaves, which are easy to cause sooty blotch, and in severe cases, the branches and leaves turn black, which affects the growth and ornamental value of plants. There are about 10 generations a year in Tangshan area. Control method: Protect natural enemies such as ladybug and Dacaoling. Chemical control: 20% Juma EC can be sprayed with 2000 times solution or 2000-3000 times imidacloprid powder. Disease Control Powdery Mildew harms the leaves of Euonymus japonicus, and the leaves of the affected plants are shriveled and deformed, which affects their growth. Powdery mildew is mostly distributed in the front of Euonymus japonicus leaves, and rarely grows on the back of leaves. The single lesion is round, and the white lesion is irregular after expansion and healing. Control method of powdery mildew: (1) Prune properly to enhance permeability. ⑵ Spraying 25% triadimefon 1300 times solution, 70% thiophanate-methyl 700 times solution and 50% wettable powder 800 times solution alternately at the early stage of onset. If the disease is serious, it must be pruned, the diseased leaves cut off and burned, and then sprayed with chemicals to prevent it. When the leaf spot disease of Euonymus japonicus is serious, it will lead to early defoliation of Euonymus japonicus, forming bald branches, affecting viewing and even causing death. The disease occurs on new leaves, producing small yellow spots and expanding into large irregular spots with protruding edges and wider brown edges. There is an extended yellow halo outside the edge of the uplift, and the center is yellowish brown or grayish brown with black spots on it. Control method: (1) Select healthy and disease-free seedlings for planting. (2) Spraying 50% carbendazim or 75% chlorothalonil 500 times solution and 50% wettable powder 800 ~ 1000 times solution from early June to July to reduce the incidence rate, spraying once every 10 ~ 15 days and spraying for three times continuously. (3) The fallen leaves will be removed and burned in winter. The stem rot of Euonymus japonicus is a major disease that is susceptible to infection, which can lead to the death of the whole plant in severe cases. The biennial branches suffered the most. At the initial stage, the stems turn brown, the leaves turn green, the tender shoots droop and the leaves do not fall off. At the later stage, the damaged part of the stem turned black, the cortex shrank, the endothelial tissue rotted, and many tiny black sclerotia were produced. With the increase of temperature, the damaged parts developed rapidly, and the bacteria invaded the xylem, resulting in the death of the whole plant. Pathogenic cause: The pathogen causing stem rot in big leaf yellow field is a kind of semi-unknown bacteria, which usually lives in soil. With the increase of temperature, the soil temperature also increases, and germs invade the stems of seedlings. Especially in high temperature and low-lying areas, the disease is more common. Control methods: (1) Strengthen the maintenance and management of seedlings and improve their disease resistance. ⑵ Using fully decomposed farmyard manure as base fertilizer can reduce the incidence of seedlings. (3) In summer, measures should be taken to reduce the temperature of seedlings, such as building a shade shed, and large seedlings can be planted with ground cover plants or covered with grass on the ground, which will destroy the environmental conditions in which germs occur. (4) Cut off diseased branches in time and burn them centrally. 5] When the number of diseased seedlings is small, 50 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 50 times of 25% dipyridamole EC can be applied to the stem with a brush at the early stage of the disease. When the number of diseased seedlings is large or at the peak of diseases, 800 ~ 1000 times of 25% dipyridamole EC or 500 ~ 600 times of 50% special powder for sterilization should be sprayed on the seedlings. Both methods can play a preventive and therapeutic role, once every 7 days for 3 ~ 4 times in a row. Common varieties are: golden leaf margin; Euonymus japonicus leaves have golden spots in the center, which are all important foliage trees.