Problems related to mung bean production in China in 2009

Zucker, scientific name Puerfriaiova Ataohwi. China experts have two views on this plant:

One view is that Gramineae is kudzu vine in China, also known as pueraria lobata, a leguminous nitrogen-fixing plant, which is widely grown in southern China. Pueraria lobata grows rapidly. In the hot and rainy season, the length of the main branch can reach 5 cm every day, which is of great practical value. There are already agricultural research institutions in China to cultivate kudzu vine.

Another view is that this plant named Puerfriaiova Ata Ohwi is not from China. Pueraria lobata, whose Chinese name is kudzu vine, has 35 species all over the world, from Japanese, China, Indian to Malaysian. There are 8 species of pueraria lobata, pueraria lobata and edible bamboo in China, all of which are distributed in the south of the Yangtze River. They can be used as mulch plants, feed and green manure crops, and some are used in medicine and food. Stem bark can also be used in textile and paper making. Pueraria lobata grows naturally in China, and no disaster has been reported.

In midsummer, if you drive in the southern United States, you will see a strange green landscape. It is a palm-sized green leaf, covering everything layer by layer, sometimes flat and straight, sometimes ups and downs, stretching for dozens and hundreds of miles. You won't see the true face of the earth until the dead leaf season in winter. All you can see is endless impenetrable green leaves.

However, you would never think that it was an oriental vine that formed this North American wonder. It comes from Japan, and people here call it Zhu Ke according to Japanese pronunciation.

Everything happens by accident.

It was 1876. At the World Expo held in Philadelphia, USA, the Japanese who came to participate in the exhibition brought their hometown of Zhuke. The Japanese brought Zhu Ke for a simple purpose, that is, to decorate the garden of the Japan Pavilion at the World Expo. That's a good idea ―― in midsummer, Zhu Ke's plants produce clusters of purple flowers, which makes the air full of the fragrance of sweet wine.

Perhaps it was a fragrant wind that attracted the attention of some visitors. Among the many Americans who stopped in front of this beautiful Japanese pavilion, there was such a good man who secretly pinched off a bud and went back to cultivate a small mung bean with great joy.

However, a year or two later, Zhu Ke's name has appeared in the sales catalogue of the South Nursery and was introduced as a arbor plant.

After entering the 20th century, the status of ornamental plants in Zhuke Garden suddenly changed, which was very accidental-only a retired botanist brought home three Zhuke seedlings. The retired botanist's name is Boris. After he bought it, he couldn't find a suitable place to grow it for a while. Finally, he accepted his wife's suggestion and planted it next to the garbage at home, hoping that Zhu Ke could help them cover up this ugly pile of garbage.

A year later, not only the pile of garbage disappeared, but also the fence of the neighbor's house disappeared, and so on. , all disappeared under the vast green leaves of Zhu Ke. Because this time, Zhu Ke was overwhelmed, which not only showed its magical growth speed, but also finally had the opportunity to show its other advantages. Pollis found that Gram plants are almost a living feed warehouse. Cattle eat, sheep eat, chickens eat, pigs eat. Because Zucker grows fast, it doesn't matter how he eats. Almost eating and growing. Only eight years later, Perlis found that his three seedlings had covered a whole 35 acres of pasture!

conduct vigorous propaganda

The news spread like wildfire and Kozhuton became a legend. It is considered as one of the most amazing plants in the 20th century. Of course, this immediately caught the attention of the US Department of Agriculture. After observation and research, they found that Gramineae plants can grow in extremely harsh soil conditions and do not need fertilization and care during the growing season, so they have strong adaptability. An acre can produce two tons of feed. 19 16 auburn university also concluded that Gramineae is an effective green manure. On the land covered by Gramineae, both feed and crops have increased greatly.

At this time, a series of historical accidents appeared dramatically, which contributed to the expansion of mung bean planting in the United States.

First, widespread pests destroyed a large number of plantations in the southern United States, and then the Great Depression struck, which depressed the prices of agricultural products and made farmers unprofitable. All these have led to the abandonment of large areas of farmland. The front is wasteland, and the back is soil erosion.

Thus, 1935, the United States established the Federal Soil Protection Committee. After the establishment of this full-time soil protection organization, the primary task is to promote fast-growing ground cover plants to maintain water and soil. Specifically, it is to grow gram plants. In the following five years, only the nursery organized by the federal government of the United States cultivated 84 million saplings. Thousands of full-time employees were sent to the south to grow mung beans. As long as farmers plant100g plants on their own wasteland, they can get a subsidy of $8 per acre. By 1940, no less than 500,000 acres of gram plants have been planted in Texas alone.

As a result, Zhu Ke made headlines, "The slaughterhouse invaded America" and "The South fought another battle" ... Unfortunately, it collapsed again. Americans will certainly not let go of this humorous theme. Some people exaggerate that the growth rate of gram plants is in miles per hour; The best way to plant a gram plant is to run after planting, so that you won't catch up. Someone joked that to plant a mung bean, it must be planted in the middle of the night. It's dangerous to plant in the daytime, because neighbors may throw stones at you when they see it.

In 1954, the United States Federal Department of Agriculture has removed Gramineae plants from the list of recommended plants. In the 1960s, the Federal Department of Agriculture, which devoted itself to studying how to cultivate Gram plants, made a 180 degree turn and turned to study how to control and destroy Gram plants. After long-term efforts and huge financial and human resources, by the mid-1970s, it was said that Zhuke had been confined to 8500 mu, which was quite remarkable.

Zhu Ke is in Japan.

At this time, people had a little idea. Looking back, they suddenly thought, isn't Zhu Ke from Japan? So, what is the story of "Zhu Ke in Japan"?

It is said that after some textual research, people found that in Japan, Zhu Ke was never a disaster. Zhu Ke is not only one of the most popular wild plants in Japan, but also an industry worth millions of dollars ―― it is said that Zhu Ke's branches and leaves are very useful in Japan, especially the giant root tuber of Zhu Ke, which can be made into powder and eaten like tofu. One gram of root tuber can weigh 300 Jin, 1 mu yield 10000 root tuber. I heard that there was a disaster in the United States, and the Japanese actually felt incredible. As a result, some Japanese businessmen offered to buy Zucker's roots from Americans for one pound and one dollar, but no one took over. Once bitten, twice shy. No one in America wants to open another Zucker farm.

However, since I first saw Zhu Ke, I naturally thought of the land in China, where the water and soil have been eroded.

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The introduction and propagation of Zhu Ke in northern Shaanxi were observed and studied. The results showed that the aboveground yield of one-year-old Zucker reached 15336 kg/hm 2, and the stems and leaves were palatable. The maximum daily growth of rattan stems reached 10.2cm, the maximum length reached 12.4 m, and the coverage area per plant reached 3.2 m 2, which had good water-retaining effect.