? Soap content in different parts of panax notoginseng

The chemical constituents of panax notoginseng can be divided into two categories: organic chemical constituents and inorganic chemical constituents. Organic chemical components mainly include saponins, flavonoids, volatile oil, amino acids, polysaccharides, starch, protein and so on. Inorganic chemical components include major elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and trace elements such as cobalt, molybdenum and cesium.

Notoginseng Radix contains more than 70 kinds of saponins, 77 kinds of volatile oil represented by β-elemene, 17 kinds of amino acids represented by Notoginseng Radix, Notoginseng Radix polysaccharides, Notoginseng Radix flavonoids and other physiologically active substances.

Saponins are the main effective active components of Panax notoginseng, and are also the chemical substances that have been systematically studied at present, and are the active substances widely existing in Panax plants. In 1930s, Chinese scholars began to study Panax Notoginseng saponins, but due to the limitations of research conditions at that time, the research progress was slow. Since 1970s, with the wide application of modern separation methods and detection instruments, the research on the chemical constituents of Panax notoginseng saponins has made remarkable progress. Up to now, * * has obtained more than 70 kinds of monomer soaps, the most of which are Rg 1, Rb 1, R 1 and Rd. Different parts of panax notoginseng contain different components of panax notoginseng saponins. The underground part mainly contains panaxatriol saponins, and the aboveground part only contains panaxadiol saponins.

Studies on Saponins from the taproot of Panax notoginseng: The taproot of Panax notoginseng is the main medicinal part of Panax notoginseng, and the total saponin content is about 7%. Ginsenosides Rg 1, Rb 1, Rd and panax notoginseng saponins R 1 are the main monomers, and the four monomers account for about 80% of the total saponins. Among them, the highest content is Rg 1, and the content is generally 3-4%; Followed by Rb 1, the content is generally 2-3%; The contents of Rd and R 1 are generally 0.5%. The content ratio of the four saponins is roughly 50% of Rg 1, 30% of Rb 1, and R 1 of Rd and Notoginseng Saponins account for 10% respectively. The content of saponins in the main roots of Panax notoginseng will be different due to the different origin, harvest time and processing methods.

Composition of soap in the rhizome (cut section) of panax notoginseng: the types of soap and the proportion of each monomer soap in the rhizome of panax notoginseng are very similar to those in the taproot, and the contents of total soap and monomer soap are higher than those in the taproot. The content of total saponins in rhizome is generally about 10%, Rg 1 can reach 4-5%, Rbl is generally 3-4%, and the yield of Rd and Rl is about 1.0%. Panax notoginseng rhizome is the main raw material for extracting Panax notoginseng saponins in processing enterprises at present.

Saponins from stems and leaves of Panax Notoginseng: The saponin of aerial parts of Panax Notoginseng is mainly 20(S)- protopanaxadiol. The content of total saponins is about 4%, mainly including ginsenoside Rb3, Rb 1, Rc, Fc, etc.

Saponins in Panax notoginseng flower buds: Panax notoginseng flower buds mainly contain 2O(S)- protopanaxadiol saponins. It is reported that the total saponin content of Panax notoginseng flower is as high as 65438 09%, which is the highest in Panax notoginseng. The types of panax notoginseng saponins are very similar to those of stem and leaf saponins. It mainly contains ginsenoside Rb3, Rb 1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Fe gypenosides lX, etc.

Saponins in fruits and seeds of Panax notoginseng: Saponins in fruits and seeds of Panax notoginseng are all 20(S)- protopanaxadiol. The main components of saponins are ginsenoside Rb3, Rb 1, RC, Rd, Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponin lX and Panax notoginseng saponins Fa and Fc.

Studies on the components of panax notoginseng saponins: Wei Junxian and others isolated 12 monomer saponins from panax notoginseng stems, which were ginsenoside Rb 1, Bb3, Rc and Re respectively; Panax notoginseng saponins Rl, Fa, Fb and Fe; Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins Lx, XV and XVll, and a small amount of saponins have yet to be identified. The main components of saponins in stems of Panax notoginseng are similar to those in flowers, but their contents are different, suggesting that saponins in stems of Panax notoginseng can be used instead of saponins in flowers.

Panax notoginseng saponins are mostly white powder with high polarity, which is easily soluble in water, methanol and ethanol, but insoluble in organic solvents such as petroleum ether and ether.

The aboveground part consists of Panax notoginseng/Panax notoginseng red seeds and stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng. It mainly contains 20(S)- protopanaxadiol saponin (Rb saponin), which has inhibitory effect on the central nervous system and shows sedative, sedative and hypnotic effects.

The underground part consists of Notoginseng incision, Notoginseng main root, Notoginseng lateral root and Notoginseng fibrous root. It mainly contains 20(S)- protopanaxatriol soap diol (Rg soap diol), which has an exciting effect on the central nervous system, can improve mental and physical activities, and shows anti-fatigue effect.

Panax notoginseng saponins have the effects of promoting blood circulation, inhibiting thrombosis, promoting thrombolysis and improving hemodynamics.

The content of total saponins in the roots of Panax notoginseng is about 7-8%, and the highest content is the rhizome (incision), with the content above 10%.