Are there any historical documents recording the destination of each family during the Hongdong Great Migration?

I have collected some information and hope it will be helpful to you.

In classics such as "History of the Ming Dynasty", "Records of Taizu of the Ming Dynasty", "Records of Ming Chengzu" and other classics, from the scattered archives of the Ming Dynasty, I collected chapters and excerpts, compiled them, and annotated the events from the sixth year of Hongwu to Yongle. In the past 50 years, there have been 18 immigrants under the big locust tree in Hongdong (10 times during the Hongwu period and 8 times during the Yongle period).

The immigrants moved to Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and other places.

The Great Migration touched the most sensitive nerves of the people of the Three Jin Dynasties. The rulers of the Ming Dynasty had no choice but to formulate immigration regulations, according to the principle of "leave one for a family of four, two for a family of six, and two for a family of eight" Three" ratio migration.

Mr. Wu Han wrote in "The Biography of Zhu Yuanzhang": "When the relocation order was first issued, people's resentment boiled over, and the public frowned.

Fear Give them warning and threaten them with punishment." This shows that the immigration at that time was completely under the coercion of power politics.

Based on the records of official history and notebook historical materials such as "History of the Ming Dynasty", "Records of the Ming Dynasty", "Zhi Lu Zhi Lu", as well as the genealogy, inscriptions, correspondence materials and the large locust tree ancestral garden collected and consulted by the author. Incomplete statistics from the guest book show that there were 812 surnames among immigrants from Hongdong Dahuaishu in the Ming Dynasty, and the immigrants were distributed in 18 provinces (cities) and 500 counties (cities).

Among them: 106 counties (cities) in Henan, 129 counties (cities) in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, 92 counties (cities) in Shandong, 62 counties (cities) in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, and Hunan, Shaanxi, and Gansu , 51 counties (cities) in Ningxia, 34 counties (cities) in Shanxi, 8 counties (cities) in Inner Mongolia, 11 counties (cities) in Liaoning, 3 counties (cities) in Jilin, 3 counties (cities) in Heilongjiang, and 1 county in Guangxi.

Henan’s immigrants are mainly concentrated in the Yellow River Basin and the Huaihe River Basin, which is consistent with the floods in the two river basins and the battlefields of the peasant uprising in the late Yuan Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty Hongdong Sophora spp. immigrants in Henan are mainly distributed in 106 counties (cities): Zhengzhou, Xingyang, Kaifeng, Pingdingshan, Luoyang, Jiaozuo, Hebi, Qixian, Weishi, Xinzheng, Dengfeng, Lankao, Zhongmou, Xinmi, Gongxian, Xinxiang, Weihui, Fengqiu, Huojia, Wenxian, Jiyuan, Boai, Huixian, Yuanyang, Wuzhi, Yuxian, Qinyang, Xiuwu, Anyang , Fanxian, Taiqian, Huaxian, Junxian, Neihuang, Qingfeng, Puyang, Changyuan, Tangyin, Linzhou, Shangqiu, Yongcheng, Suixian, Ningling, Minquan, Zhoukou, Shangshui, Fugou , Xihua, Taikang, Dancheng, Xiangcheng, Xuchang, Luohe, Yanling, Lincheng, Xiangcheng, Lushan, Changge, Linying, Yexian, Baofeng, Shaanxian, Yuxian, Zhumadian, Queshan , Xiping, Runan, Xincai, Shangcai, Xinyang, Xixian, Gushi, Biyang, Zhengyang, Xinxian, Luoshan, Shangcheng, Nanyang, Fangcheng, Tanghe, Xinye, Dengxian, Xichuan, Nanzhao , Tongbai, Zhenping, Neixiang, Xixia, Sanmenxia, ??Yima, Yujin, Ruzhou, Ruyang, Luanchuan, Lingbao, Mianchi, Yanshi, Yichuan, Yiyang, Luoning, Lushi, Xin'an , Qixian, Songxian, Jiaxian, Wuyang.

Shandong was originally mainly distributed in the northwest area of ??Shandong. This was mainly because the wars and the flooding of the Yellow River in Shandong at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty were all in the northwest and southwestern areas of Shandong. However, after re-migration in the early Ming Dynasty, the immigrants were distributed to most areas of Shandong.

The Ming Dynasty Hongdong Sophora spp. immigrants in Shandong are mainly distributed in 92 counties (cities): Jinan, Licheng, Zhangqiu, Changqing, Qingdao, Jiaonan, Jiaoxian, Jimo, Zibo, Zaozhuang , Tengxian, Dezhou, Ningjin, Shanghe, Jiyang, Yucheng, Xiajin, Lingxian, Qihe, Wucheng, Guangrao, Binxian, Kenli, Yangxin, Zhanhua, Lijin, Boxing, Huimin , Weifang, Weixian, Zhucheng, Tancheng, Anqiu, Linqu, Shouguang, Gaomi, Yidu, Yantai, Muping, Wendeng, Laiyang, Qixia, Yexian, Rongcheng, Laixi, Zhaoyuan, Huangxian, Linyi, Yishui , Rizhao, Pingyi, Yiyuan, Yinan, Juxian, Junan, Feixian, Tai'an, Laiwu, Xinwen, Feicheng, Pingyin, Ningyang, Dongping, Jining, Yanzhou, Yutai, Jiaxiang, Wenshang, Qufu , Zouxian, Heze, Yuncheng, Juye, Shanxian, Caoxian, Juancheng, Liangshan, Dingtao, Dongming, Liaocheng, Dong'a, Linqing, Shenxian, Jinxiang, Weishan, Yanggu, Guanxian, Gaotang, Zouping, Wudi, Weihai.

Fangshan, Tianjin, Jinghai, Wuqing, Baodi, Ninghe, Jixian, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Lingshou, Shulu, Jinzhou, Zhaoxian, Jingxing, Huolu, Xinle, Zhengding, Shenze, Wuji, Zanhuang , Yuanshi, Luancheng, Pingshan, Zhangjiakou, Huailai, Yuxian, Zhangbei, Xuanhua, Zhuolu, Huai'an, Luanping, Longhua, Fengning, Wanquan, Qianxi, Qian'an, Changli, Lulong, Luannan, Zunhua, Yutian, Leting, Luanxian, Fengnan, Anci, Sanhe, Baxian, Gu'an, Dacheng, Qinhuangdao, Anhu, Jiaohe, Suning, Wen'an, Yongqing, Baoding, Laishui, Fu Ping, Tangxian, Xushui, Gaoyang, Cangzhou, Qingxian, Haixing, Renqiu, Wuyi, Gucheng, Jixian, Qiuxian, Jize, Linxi, Renxian, Zhuoxian, Dingxing, Anxin , Lixian, Boye, Dingxian, Laiyuan, Xincheng, Wanxian, Qingyuan, Mancheng, Cangxian, Dongguang, Hejian, Xianxian, Hengshui, Raoyang, Fucheng, Jingxian, Zaoqiang, Shenxian, Wuqiang, Handan, Yongnian, Quzhou, Wei County, Cheng'an, Daming, Shexian, Guangping, Linzhang, Cixian, Wu'an, Xingtai, Baixiang, Longyao, Nangong, Julu, Shahe, Linzhang Cheng, Xinhe, Qinghe, Guangzong, Neiqiu, Wei County, Nanhe, Nanpi, Yucun*** autonomous counties.

In Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Hunan, the Ming Dynasty Hongdong Sophora spp. immigrants were distributed in 62 counties (cities), mainly including: Hefei, Ma'anshan, Changfeng, Bengbu, Lu'an, Mingguang, Dingyuan, Huaibei, Anqing, Tongling, Suzhou, Dangshan, Xiaoxian, Lingbi, Huaiyuan, Chuzhou, Fengyang, Hexian, Jingxian, Shouxian, Boxian, Mengcheng, Lixin, Suining, Funan, Nanjing, Xuzhou , Lianyungang, Fengxian, Peixian, Xuyi, Dafeng, Tongshan, Siyang, Muyang, Rugao, Qingjiang, Jiangdu, Xiangyang, Wuhan, Shiyan, Xiaogan, Dawu, Jingmen, Jianli, Mianyang, Yunxian, Junxian, Suixian, Suizhou, Zaoyang, Yicheng, Baokang, Guanghua, Zhongxiang, Changsha, Zhuzhou, Chenzhou, Chenxian, Sangzhi, Xiangfan, Pizhou.

Immigrants from Shaanxi and Gansu are distributed in the Guanzhong area, with more immigrants from the Baoji area and the adjacent Shanxi area, and a considerable number of them migrated indirectly from Shandong and Henan.

Its main distribution is: Xi'an, Tongchuan, Baoji, Qishan, Wugong, Meixian, Sanyuan, Huxian, Pucheng, Hancheng, Dali, Heyang, Baishui, Chengcheng, Yinchuan, Qingtong Xia, Shizuishan, Linyou, Lanzhou, Gangu, Tianshui, Zhangye, Zhenyuan, Fufeng, Binxian, Mizhi, Suide, Wubao, Zhouzhi, Minle, Jingtai, Zhongwei, Xingping, Qianxian, Huining , Yulin, Wuwei, Shangzhou, Guyuan, Huayin, Gulang, Luonan, Shangnan, Shanyang, Danfeng, Chenggu, Weinan, Jingyuan, Pingliang, Zhuanglang, Weinan.

There are 34 counties (cities) in Shanxi, 8 counties (cities) in Inner Mongolia, 11 counties (cities) in Liaoning, 3 counties (cities) in Jilin, and 3 in Heilongjiang. County (city), 1 county in Guangxi.

Its distribution is: Taiyuan, Wutai, Pingding, Shouyang, Daixian, Jiaocheng, Qixian, Yangcheng, Lingshi, Pingyao, Qingxu, Xinzhou, Datong, Hunyuan, Yingxian , Shuozhou, Yuci, Taigu, Jiexiu, Yangqu, Yangquan, Dingxiang, Yushe, Yuanping, Pinglu, Yanggao, Yuxian, Fenyang, Xiaoyi, Yuncheng, Jingle, Changzhi, Lucheng , Jincheng, Hohhot, Baotou, Guyang, Liangcheng, Fengzhen, Qingshuihe, Shangdu, Xinghe, Shenyang, Dalian, Qingyuan, Fushun, Dandong, Anshan, Liaoyang, Haicheng, Lingyuan, Jinzhou, Jianping, Chang Chung, Siping, Tao'an, Harbin, Hegang, Nenjiang and Beiliu counties.

In order to prevent immigrants from gathering together in the place of migration, forming new family forces and affecting social stability, the immigration regulations of the Ming Dynasty also stipulated that people of the same clan and surname could not move to the same place.

Immigrants who paid attention to "not changing their names when walking and not changing their surnames when sitting down" were forced to painfully change their surnames in order to avoid being separated again. As a result, multiple surnames were separated from some families.

According to records: “In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, an edict was issued to relocate the people. The terms were complete and the laws were strict. Anyone with the same surname was not allowed to live in the same village.

And those who did not want to change their names Those who were separated from each other had to be separated from each other and resettled in different places.

For example, according to genealogy statistics, the Gu family in Chenguan Township, Guangrao, the Gu family in Zhuliu Town, Changle, and Tianma Township, Shouguang. The Gu family, the Gu family in Wulian County, etc. all come from the Gu family in Hongdong County, Shanxi.

There are also most people who cannot bear to be separated and are forced to change their surnames.

The two founder brothers, such as the Wei family and the Liu family, could not bear to be separated from their brotherhood for a while, so they had no choice but to change their surnames to two - Wei and Liu, with the bronze Buddha in mind. "(Cao County's "Wei Liu Family Genealogy")

In addition, in Huang County, Henan, there are Wei and Ma, Chen and Shao, Zhou and Shan, Wen and Wang, all of which are different surnames. The same clan.

There are many cases like this in Hebei and Shandong.

There are still "Hui, Zhai, Chang and Niang" in Hejian County, Hebei Province. In Shandong, "Wei, Liang, and Chen are one family", "Chong, Liu, and Gu are one family", and in Yongcheng, Henan Province, "Cui, Xie, Zhang, and Chen are brothers".

In eastern Henan and northern Shandong, the legend of "making pots of cattle" is also widely spread.

According to legend, there are five Niu brothers in Hongdong County, and they learned that they have the same surname after they gathered under the big locust tree. They couldn't move to the same place.

The five brothers knew that they would have to live apart from each other, so they hurriedly smashed a large pot into five pieces and each held one piece as a mark for their ancestors to find their relatives. .

Time is the best medicine to heal the trauma of the soul.

But today, after six hundred years of ups and downs, there are some elders in Henan and Shandong who have never met each other. , after meeting, they still ask, "Should I fight the pot or not?" "If both parties say "Daguo", they are considered to be from the same clan...

In Hebei, Henan and Shandong, regarding "Daguo Niu, Da Guo Chang, Da Guo Zhang, Da Guo Guo, Da Guo" Legends such as Guoshen are also widely circulated.

The Sun family in Yiyang County, Henan Province, and the Yang family in Luochuan County, Shaanxi Province also have legends about their ancestors making pots.

Bai Yang, a famous Taiwanese writer, wrote in one of his books: "Modern Huixian people, especially the residents surnamed Guo in Changcun who live six kilometers northeast of the county, all their memories are as far away as It dates back to the disgusting early years of the Ming Dynasty five hundred years ago.

Other surname families can be traced according to their genealogy.

For example, the "Mu Family Genealogy Preface" in Huixian, Henan. "Zhongyun", during the Yongle period, the Mu family "moved to Weihui, Henan from... Luanchaigou, Hongdong County... The Mu family camped and lived there for several generations.

During the Wanli period, they moved to Mujiaying, fifteen miles away from the city in the northwest corner of Huoyi.

The immigrants who moved to Shandong were mainly located in Dongchang in the Huangfan District. , Jinan, Yanzhou, Qingzhou and other prefectures, involving more than 60 counties and cities in today's Shandong Province.

After immigrants moved in, they mostly named villages and villages with their surnames, and some also named them after the county name of their hometown. , such as Dingguantun, Suiguantun, Huguantun, Liying, Tunliuying, Changziying, etc.

The "Preface to the Genealogy of the Wei and Liu Clan" in Liuzhuang, Caoxian County, Shandong also records that the Yu clan is in Pingyang, Shanxi. People from Hongdong County, Ming Dynasty, were issued a relocation edict in the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1369). The conditions were met and the laws were strict. Anyone with the same surname was not allowed to live in the same village.

The two founder brothers couldn't bear it. Temporarily separated from the brotherhood, they had no choice but to change their surnames to two, with the Bronze Buddha as the mark, which has been passed down for more than 500 years.

According to the memories of later generations, the two ancestor brothers were named Guangzu and Liang. The ancestor, the bronze Buddha may be two Buddha statues of the same appearance.

The "Wang Family Genealogy Preface" in Caoxian County, Shandong also records the story of "One Gun King". Speaking of Wang Liang, the ancestor of the Wang family, his family moved here from Hongdong in the 25th year of Hongwu (AD 1392). Since Wang Liang always carried a spear along the way, he named it Zhuangzi. It is called "One Shot King".

This Zhuangzi Feng Shui is really good, "Shandong on the left and Zhili on the right are the boundaries of the two provinces; Yongshui in front and Shashan in the back is a scenic spot."

So the Wang family built a Yangzhai (village) in Hebei and a Yinzhai (cemetery) in Henan. The brothers lived in the east and the west, and the six families lived together.

"After more than twenty generations, they still lived together. With his elegant clothes and prosperous clan, he has changed from "King of One Gun" to "King of Thousands of Families".

However, although the families are different, we are members of the same family. Although there are many descendants, "we are the king who never forgets one shot."

Ancient Sophora japonica has gradually grown up as people have multiplied and multiplied, and it has also become a witness to history.

The ancient Sophora japonica immigrants even engraved commemorative words on the couplets in their family temples and ancestral halls to express their longing.

The wall monument of the Yuan family ancestral hall in Gudui, Heze, Shandong, once engraved a poem written by Yuan Zhenggong in the second year of Hongwu to look at the locust trees and miss his hometown: "In the past, I served in the army to drive away the Tatars, but now I am stationed in the east of Taihang.

Hong Dong Branch has an old family background, and Caozhou lives in the old family style.

Three or five locust trees are planted in the ancient hillock to remember the love between the elders in Jinzhong.

The legend of lying in the snow has been passed down through the ages, and the clouds in Kunxia are as beautiful as the golden pine trees. "The plaque on the Liu Family Ancestral Hall in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province reads: "Paiyanhong Cave. "The couplet in the hall of the Niu Family Temple in Yanshi County, Henan Province reads: "The eighteenth ancestor Pingyang Shize was a famous family in Boxi for five hundred years. "The couplets on both sides of the statue of the ancestor in the Hu's ancestral hall in Huzhai Village, Xicheng Township, Puyang County, Henan Province read: The first couplet is "Eternal words of filial piety", the right couplet is "Remembering the hardships of the ancestors riding a bicycle in Lihong Cave", and the left couplet is The couplet is "Huai Shizong's residence in Caozhou is flourishing today"

The couplet on Sun's memorial tablet in Dadao Village, Xiaodong Township, Wuzhi County, Henan Province: "The ancestor Hongdong moved to Qinzuo, and his origin is Yan. Henan. "The Genealogy of the Zhao Family in Koudian Hanzhai Village, Yanshi County, Henan Province says that the four founder brothers were named "Jing, Ying, Huai, and Xian". "Xian" means "township", which together means "managing Huaixiang." ".

At the foot of Jinli Mountain, about ten kilometers northeast of Pucheng County, Shaanxi Province, there is a village that maintains the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties - Shanxi Village.

This is a village that retains the original The city wall is a rectangular village facing east and west, with two east and west gates. The city wall has been eroded by hundreds of years of wind and rain, and has collapsed by tens of meters, but most of it has been preserved.

Especially. The city walls on the east and north sides are basically well preserved.

Among them, the west city gate is about six meters high. There is a green stele embedded above the lintel, with the four words "Three locust trees blooming together" written in red, and "Big" next to it. "Rebuilt in the first year of Xianfeng year of Qing Dynasty".

According to reports, Shanxi Village was moved to Shanxi Village by a family named Wang from Hongdong County, Shanxi under the big locust tree in the early Ming Dynasty.

This There are three brothers in the family surnamed Wang. The eldest brother stayed in Shanxi, the second brother moved here, and the third brother moved to Baishui.

The words "Three locust trees grow together" on the door lintel means that the family of the three brothers is prosperous. , means prosperous business.

Sophora japonica refers to the large locust tree in Shanxi.

Therefore, the Shanxi Village in Pucheng is also a historical witness of the great population migration in the Ming Dynasty. According to village history records, not long after the village was relocated, bandits and robbers often came to harass the village. Later, under the initiative of an old man named Yi Wang, the villagers who had money contributed money and those who had no money worked together to spend five In the ninth year of Xianfeng's reign in the Qing Dynasty, a pair of iron gates were built, making the west city gate two gates indestructible.

There are three large rooms above the west city gate. Before liberation, there were still villagers working on it.

The city gates of Shanxi Village face each other from east to west. The door opening is about seven meters deep. There were two original doors in the door opening. Due to the passage of time, the doors are no longer there. However, the bluestone door frame, door post hole, and door pole jack are still well preserved.

Walking through the door hole into the village, a central road divides the village into two halves, the north and the south. The village is not big. , about 200 meters long from east to west.

There are only twenty-eight households in the castle, and the rest have moved to live outside the city.

This village is commonly known as Shanxi Fort (bǔ)zi.

People outside the village call it "going into the city", and people inside the village call it "going out of the city".

In Shanxi Village. Fifty meters outside the west gate of the city, there is an old Wang's ancestral hall. This is the place where villagers hold annual gatherings and celebrate New Year.

There is a stele in the Wang's ancestral hall with clear words on it. It is recorded that the ancestral hall was built in the 43rd year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty.

This record also shows that the Wang family had become a large family in the area by the 43rd year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. > Caizhang Village, Fukan Township, Nanle County, Henan Province, the ancestors of the Yang family moved from under the big locust tree in Hongdong County, Shanxi during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty.

At that time, there were two Yang brothers. The eldest moved to the tomb in the north of the present county seat, and the second brother only had one child today.

After the second child arrived at his new home, he planted many poplar trees around his residence. He hoped that the surname Yang, like the poplar trees, would take root and thrive here.

Under the careful cultivation of the second child, the poplar tree soon grew into a useful person.

The second child thought that this was just the beginning of a new life, and how long would it take to live in the future? He hoped that the mature poplar trees would continue to grow, so he named his village "Cai Chang".

By the end of the Qing Dynasty, it evolved into its current name of Cai Zhang.

The surname Yang of Cai Zhang has been passed down for twenty-four generations and has more than 200 families.

When immigrants from Shanxi came east, most people with different surnames traveled together and found land to build villages and live together. Therefore, the newly built villages were mostly named after their surnames.

At that time, there were several families surnamed Yang in western Shandong Province who settled three miles north of Chaocheng and named the village Yangzhuang. Later, people surnamed Shi built a village nearby. Because the land was relatively low-lying, they named it Yangzhuang. The village name is "Shijiawa".

When a village is first built, it is inevitable that there will be shortages and many difficulties will be encountered.

When immigrants come, they usually bring only some clothes and pots and pans, but no farm tools.

Later, I gradually purchased some, but it was difficult to get them all at once.

Especially large agricultural tools are expensive and difficult to purchase. It often takes three to five years or even seven or eight years to save money before purchasing one.

At that time, after several years of hard work, the people of Yangzhuang tied up a large cart and could not afford to buy cattle for a while, so people from other villages called Yangzhuang "Yang Meuniu".

Shijiawa only bought one cow and could not tie up a car for many years. People from other villages nicknamed him "Shijiawa has no car."

Fortunately, one has a car but no cattle, and the other has cattle but no car. This "lame" phenomenon has contributed to the spontaneous union of the two villages.

The two villages matched their carts and oxen, and took turns hauling soil, delivering manure, transporting crops, and visiting relatives. They coordinated like one village. During the busy season, the two villages pushed each other and tried to make each other more comfortable. Use first.

When the Yang family used it, they always fed the Shi family's cows with good grass and good materials, and they were reluctant to beat them with a heavy whip for fear of losing a hair; On the bumpy road, we drove the cattle slowly for fear of damaging the Yang family's car.

After several years of cooperation like this, the cows have become fat and strong, and the cars have been maintained as good as new.

The close cooperation between Shi and Yang villages has become a favorite story in Chaocheng area.

Because the Shi family was located in a low-lying area, whenever there was a flood, they would go to Yang's house to take shelter.

Later, the historians moved to a neighboring village, and the address of Yangzhuang Village was also changed.

No matter how the geographical location changes, the Shi and Yang families have always maintained a friendly and good-neighborly relationship, which has lasted from ancient times to the present.