Introduction to Malaysia

Malaysia, referred to as Malaysia, is a country in Southeast Asia where federalism, parliamentary democracy, elective monarchy and constitutional monarchy coexist. There are currently 13 states in the country and three federal territories (Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan), with a total area of ??330,000 square kilometers.

On August 31, 1957, Chief Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman declared the independence of the Federation of Malaya; in 1963, the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak formed Malaysia. In August 1965, Singapore withdrew from Malaysia.

Malaysia’s national border is divided into two parts by the South China Sea: Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia) located in the Malay Peninsula and Indochina Peninsula (East Malaysia) located in the northern part of Kalimantan Island. Since Malaysia is located close to the equator, its climate is a tropical rainforest climate. The capital is Kuala Lumpur, the most densely populated and prosperous region in Malaysia, and the seat of the federal government is in Putrajaya.

Malaysia is a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural country. Although the official religion is Islam, citizens enjoy the right to religious freedom under the Malaysian Constitution. The system of government is closely modeled on Britain's Westminster parliamentary system. The highest representative of the country internally and externally is called the Head of State, while the head of government is the Prime Minister (Prime Minister). ?

Malaysia is an emerging country with a diversified economy. The economy developed rapidly in the 1990s and it became one of the "Four Asian Tigers" countries and a capitalist country. Malaysia has become a striking diversified emerging industrial country in Asia and an emerging market economy in the world.

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The history of Chinese immigration in Malaysia can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were frequent commercial activities and cultural exchanges between China and the Malay Archipelago. During the Yuan Dynasty, there were clear records of Chinese settlement there.

In the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He stopped in Malacca (called Malacca in Ming history) many times during his voyages to the West. Later, Malacca, Palembang (now part of Indonesia), and Surabaya (now part of Indonesia) were built. The headquarters of its fleet. There are still a large number of relics related to Zheng He in Malacca. Some Chinese began to settle in Malacca because of intermarriage with local people, and gradually became influenced by Malay culture and multiplied.

At this time, the Chinese began to form settlements in Malacca and became an important ethnic group in Malacca. After the decline of the Ming Dynasty, the descendants of these intermarried Chinese began to alienate themselves from their motherland due to factors such as inconvenient transportation and the Manchu Qing's seclusion policy. After blending with the local culture, they gradually formed a new ethnic group - the Nyonya Baba.

The mother tongue of Nyonya Baba has gradually changed from dialect (mainly Hokkien) to Nyonya Baba, which is a mixture of dialect and Malay, but it still retains various Chinese customs and rituals.

The large-scale immigration of Chinese to various parts of Malaysia today began after the Second Opium War. At that time, the Qing Dynasty was defeated and China and Britain signed the "Beijing Treaty". The Qing government allowed foreign businessmen to recruit Han people to work abroad as cheap labor (coolies). Since the British colonists needed a large amount of human resources to develop the Malayan Peninsula at that time, a large number of Chinese laborers (or coolies) were imported from China to the Malayan Peninsula to become miners, plantation workers, etc.

After the use of steamships, the number of overseas Chinese coming south increased sharply. The number of Chinese immigrants who arrived at this time had greatly exceeded that of the early Nyonya Babas, so they were called "new guests" by the early settlers.

The male-to-female ratio of the Chinese population in the Malay Peninsula was seriously imbalanced during this period. This was because the workers had a strong awareness of their hometown, and most of them did not intend to bring the elderly and children to settle in Malaya, but hoped to earn a living. Enough money to return to my hometown. A large number of Chinese went to Nanyang, which fully illustrates the truth that people should go wherever there is a chance of survival.

By 1929, the world began to experience the Great Depression. At this time, overseas Chinese women began to immigrate to Malaya in large numbers, and the male-to-female population ratio structure tended to be balanced. After World War II, as the world entered the Cold War era, British Malaya coincided with the Malayan rebellion, and immigration regulations were tightened. The flow of Chinese immigrants to Malaya gradually decreased or even stopped. Since then, the Chinese have participated in the Malayan independence movement and Malaysia's founding movement, and have multiplied locally.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Malaysia