What changes have taken place in the thirty years of reform and opening up in Yili, Xinjiang? Kneel down ~ it's urgent ~

Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, under the correct leadership of the Party Committee and the People's Government of Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, people of all ethnic groups have always held high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, fully implemented the Party's principles and policies, and made all-round progress in economic and social undertakings.

I. Significant achievements have been made in agricultural development.

1978 The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party shifted the focus of the Party's work to the track centered on economic construction. First of all, it adopted a series of important policies and measures for the reform and development of agriculture and rural areas, which greatly liberated and developed agricultural productive forces.

(1) The comprehensive agricultural production capacity has been steadily improved.

Since the reform and opening up, the rural areas of Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture have implemented a two-tier management system based on household contract management, which has greatly liberated and developed agricultural productivity. By 2007, the proportion of sown area of grain crops to the total sown area of crops decreased from 84.9 1% in 1978 to 58. 16%, and the proportion of cash crops and other crops increased from 1978 to 465438+. The total grain output increased from 43 1.978 tons to1.01.08 million tons, and the oil output increased from 1.58 million tons to1. The output of sugar beet increased from 0.6 million tons to 6.5438+0.99 million tons, flax from 356 tons to 53.6 million tons, total meat from 6.5438+0.9/kloc-0.09 million tons, and milk from 6.5438+0.0/kloc-0.07 million tons to 426.6 million tons. The per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen increased from 1 10 yuan in 1978 to 3,903 yuan in 2007, an increase of 34.5 times.

(B) Vigorously adjust the agricultural industrial structure

For a long time, due to the violation of natural laws and economic laws, the agricultural industrial structure is unreasonable, which seriously restricts the improvement of agriculture and farmers' income. 1978, agriculture accounted for 68.9% of the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was only 3 1. 1%. Since the reform and opening up, Yili Prefecture has made great efforts to adjust the rural industrial structure, and gradually broke through the single structure that rural economy is agriculture, agriculture is planting and planting is grain. Diversification and township enterprises have developed rapidly, the secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas have gradually become new growth points of rural economy, township enterprises have become an important pillar of the national economy, and the whole agriculture has shown a prosperous situation. The variety and quality structure of agricultural products have been adjusted, and high-yield, high-quality and efficient agriculture has developed rapidly. By 2007, the proportion of agriculture in the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery decreased to 50.6%, down by 18.3 percentage points compared with 1978, and the proportion of the output value of animal husbandry increased to 44.9 1%, up by 1978. The development of rural non-agricultural industries has also promoted the optimization of rural employment structure and accelerated the process of rural urbanization and modernization.

1, planting

Yili Prefecture actively adjusts the planting structure, vigorously develops superior and characteristic crops, increases investment in science and technology, supports agricultural products processing enterprises, and vigorously improves the agricultural investment environment, so that direct agriculture in Yili Prefecture has developed by leaps and bounds. At present, the grain planting area in Yili Valley ranks second in Xinjiang, corn ranks second in Xinjiang and soybean ranks first in Xinjiang. Oil ranks first in Xinjiang; Beet ranks first in Xinjiang, flax ranks first in Xinjiang and second in the country. At present, the Ili Valley has become an important grain, oil and sugar base and a major soybean and flax producing area in China and the autonomous region. The largest beet producing area in China and the second largest flax producing area in China. The largest soybean producing area in the autonomous region, one of the three high-quality rice producing areas, and the largest red globe grape production base in China.

In 2007, the country directly planted 4.94 million mu of various crops, and the total grain output reached13510000 tons, an increase of 9 19400 tons compared with 43 1700 tons in 1978. Among them, the total output of wheat reached 366,600 tons, an increase of 42% compared with 258,200 tons in 1978, and the output per unit area increased from 89 kg/mu to 324 kg/mu; The total output of corn reached 835,700 tons, 5.5 times higher than that of 654,38+052,700 tons in 654,38+0978, and the output per unit area increased from 265,438+02 kg/mu to 803 kg/mu. The total output of sugar beet increased from 6,000 tons in 1978 to1990,000 tons, and the unit yield increased from 575 kg/mu to 4,080 kg/mu. In 2007, there were 34 pollution-free agricultural product bases recognized by the state, with an area of 1 266. 1 000 mu. The agricultural product quality and safety inspection system was gradually established, and an agricultural product inspection and testing network based on the national agricultural product quality and safety inspection center and county-level inspection stations was initially formed. "Luyuan", "Extra Green", "Yi Hui" brand vegetables, "Zhuoyou" brand peanuts and "Xilongzhu" brand grapes all have certain popularity and market competitiveness.

2. Animal husbandry

According to the development strategy of "animal husbandry big state", the agricultural industrial structure was adjusted, the animal husbandry continued to develop, and the output of livestock products was significantly improved. In 2007, the output value of animal husbandry reached 3.425 billion yuan at current prices, 30 times higher than that of 1978, accounting for 44.9 1% of the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. The output of meat, milk, wool and eggs increased from19058t,1670t, 4858t and 586t in 2007 to194000t, 427000t and1respectively. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the per capita consumption of meat, eggs and milk reached 56. 1 kg, 19.3 kg and1/9.5 kg respectively. At present, the animal husbandry in the Autonomous Prefecture has developed in an all-round way, and the output of meat, milk and eggs ranks first in Xinjiang, and the per capita possession exceeds the average level in Xinjiang. The structure of livestock products has been gradually optimized, and animal husbandry has become a pillar industry for farmers and herdsmen to continuously increase their income.

Generally speaking, animal husbandry has developed into a pillar industry of rural economy, from focusing on output growth to paying equal attention to quality and output. Strengthening market competitiveness and protecting ecological environment are gradually put on the agenda of animal husbandry development, and animal husbandry in autonomous prefecture has entered a new development period. At present, there are 14 slaughter and egg processing enterprises and 17 dairy enterprises in Zhouzhi, and related industries such as dairy industry, meat, biopharmaceuticals, leather, eggs, feed and grass industry have initially formed.

3. Forestry and fruit industry

Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with the deepening of rural economic reform and the development of the "Three North" shelter forest system, we have adhered to the principle of "adapting measures to local conditions, preventing harm and fortifying, making it easy before it is difficult, making it near before it is far, and highlighting key points", and accelerated the pace of combining arbor, irrigation, grass, net, film and belt. Especially since 2 1 century, with the full implementation of five major forestry projects, the deepening of voluntary tree planting by the whole people, the standardization of plain greening, the rise of characteristic fruit industry and non-public forestry, forestry construction has shown a rapid development momentum. By the year 2000, the farmland in the irrigation area will be fully forested, 60% of counties and cities will reach the standard of plain greening, and more than 90% of farmland will be sheltered by forests and maintain stable and high yield. In 2007, the total fruit area in Zhi Zhi has grown to 563,654.38+0.000 mu, and the total fruit production has increased from 6,543.8+0.53 million tons to 6,543.8+0.97 million tons, and the total output value has increased from 6,543.8+0.3883 million yuan to 3,226,654.38+0.426 million yuan.

By 2003, the plantation area in Zhili area was 2,593,900 mu, and the preserved area of plain plantation was 1. 1.2 million mu. Closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation is 89 1 10,000 mu, 220 million trees are planted voluntarily, and 73 million people participate in voluntary tree planting. In 2007, the forest coverage rate in Quanzhou reached 10%.

4. Agricultural machinery

Since the reform and opening up, the total amount of agricultural machinery and equipment in Yili Prefecture has greatly increased, and the total power of agricultural machinery has reached 970,800 kilowatts, which is 5.83 times higher than that of 1978. The level of agricultural mechanization has been steadily improved, with the levels of machine ploughing, machine sowing and machine harvesting reaching 99.4%, 94.4% and 57.3% respectively. The comprehensive mechanization level of farming and harvesting reached 83.7%, which was 6. 1, 22.4, 2 1.7 and 16.7 percentage points higher than that of 1978 respectively. The whole process of wheat production was mechanized, and the level of corn harvesting and rice transplanting reached 10.2% and 25% respectively.

5. Township enterprises

Under the correct leadership of the State Party Committee and the government, the township enterprises in Yili seized the favorable opportunity of the western development, intensified the structural adjustment of township enterprises, improved the overall level of township enterprises, and realized the rapid, sustained and healthy development of township enterprises. By the end of 2004, Zhouzhi township enterprises had developed into coal, machinery manufacturing, processing of agricultural and livestock products, food, brewing, feed, textile, leather, wood processing, printing, dairy products, plastic products, cement, building materials, electric power, smelting, tap water and other industries. There are 47,005 enterprises, including collective enterprises 145, joint-stock cooperative enterprises165,438, joint ventures165,438, 50 limited liability companies, 6 joint-stock limited companies, 65,438 private enterprises, 37,358 individuals and 2 foreign-funded enterprises. In 2007, the added value of Zhouzhi township enterprises was 2.87 billion yuan, of which, the industrial added value reached 65.438+0.47 billion yuan, the tax paid was 244 million yuan, the total profit was 725 million yuan, the number of employees reached 65.438+0.39 million, and the salary of township enterprises employees was 65.438+0.58 billion yuan.

(3) Agricultural infrastructure construction was further strengthened.

Over the past 30 years, the party and the government have done everything possible to increase investment in agriculture. The investment of the national budget in agricultural infrastructure, financial support for agriculture and agricultural credit funds has increased year by year, and the utilization of foreign capital in agriculture has also taken gratifying steps. In order to improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, the state has invested in a large number of major agricultural, forestry and water conservancy construction projects that have a bearing on the overall situation. Water-saving renovation of large irrigation areas, comprehensive management of small watersheds, soil and water conservation projects, returning farmland to forests, returning grazing to grasslands, key shelterbelts and natural forest protection projects. Has played or is playing a role. Mass irrigation and water conservancy capital construction has reached a climax, agricultural production conditions have been significantly improved, irrigation and drainage capacity of farmland has been greatly improved, and remarkable progress has been made in seed engineering, animal and plant protection system and agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation system. By 2004, 89 large, medium and small reservoirs have been built in our state, with a total storage capacity of 65.438 0.9 billion m3, 654.38 0.40 sluices, 905 kilometers of dikes and 64,000 kilometers of trunk, branch, dike and agricultural canals, including 25,000 kilometers of seepage-proof channels and 654.38 drainage structures. Solved the drinking water problem of 6.5438+0.95 million people and 7.23 million livestock in Quanzhou; The area where soil erosion has been initially controlled has reached 59,000 hectares, and the total amount of aquatic products has reached 65.438+0.5 million tons, with an annual output value of 65.438+0.5 billion yuan. The comprehensive planning of two important international rivers, Ili River and Irtysh River, and a large number of professional planning on ecological security, flood control, water resources and soil and water conservation in pastoral areas have been carried out, effectively guiding the water conservancy construction in Quanzhou. All these have greatly enhanced the ability of agriculture to resist natural disasters, improved agricultural production conditions and ecological environment, improved the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, and promoted the steady growth of agricultural production.

(4) Strengthening poverty alleviation and development and accelerating agricultural development in poverty-stricken areas.

Since the mid-1980s, the state has defined the poverty-stricken areas, identified the poverty-stricken counties supported by the state and the province, and started a planned and large-scale rural poverty alleviation and development work, thus realizing a major shift in the poverty alleviation strategy from relief poverty alleviation to development poverty alleviation. The state increases investment in poverty alleviation year by year, supports the construction of basic farmland in poverty-stricken areas, improves production conditions, develops agricultural production and enhances self-development ability. Especially since 1993, the national "eighth seven-year plan" has been fully implemented to solve the problem of food and clothing for the surplus and poor people in rural areas. After years of hard work, the agricultural infrastructure in poverty-stricken areas has been strengthened, the production and living conditions of the broad masses have improved significantly, and agricultural production has developed rapidly.

Two. Remarkable achievements have been made in industrialization.

After 30 years of reform and opening up, Yili's industry has developed by leaps and bounds. From scratch, from small to large, it has formed more than 30 industries such as textile, sugar, leather, dairy, food, beverage, cigarette, coal, gold, electricity and building materials. It has cultivated a number of famous brand enterprises with high technology content, large scale and good benefits, such as Honghe Cigarette Factory, COFCO Sifang Sugar, Kangyoumei Soybean, Kangda Grain and Oil, Kuitun Xilong Geotechnical Engineering, Xinjiang Kuikai Electric, Nangang Cement, Wusu Beer, Shake Dairy, Sauerbrak Wine and Yili Iron and Steel. In 2007, the state's direct GDP reached 23.56 billion yuan, an increase of 65.438+08.9 times over 65.438+0978; The general budget revenue of local finance reached 65.438+0.47 billion yuan, an increase of 29.9 times over 654.38+0.978; Investment in fixed assets was 65.438+00.898 billion yuan, an increase of 342 times over 654.38+0978.

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the average annual growth rate of industry was 16.52%, which was 6. 15 percentage points higher than the average growth rate during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. Especially since 2005, the country has seized the opportunity of developing the western region and vigorously promoted the process of new industrialization, and the industrial economy has made great progress. The gross output value of the secondary industry reached 610.43 billion yuan, accounting for more than the primary and tertiary industries. The adjustment of industrial internal structure has changed obviously, new breakthroughs have been made in the three industrial restructuring, and the contribution of industry to GDP has been increasing.

1. Vigorously promote infrastructure construction to make the investment structure more reasonable.

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 24.549 billion yuan, which was 3.92 times of the total investment in fixed assets during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period and 2. 18 times of the total investment in fixed assets since the establishment of Yili Prefecture 45 years ago. With the completion of a number of major transportation infrastructure such as railways and expressways, the conditions in all aspects have changed fundamentally. The construction of China-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center and the integration of China-Kazakhstan railway will raise the opening up of Ili to a new level, and Ili Prefecture already has the conditions and foundation for large-scale development, opening up and development.

2. The industrial structure was further optimized, and the comprehensive strength was significantly enhanced.

In 2005, the national GDP reached1651600 million yuan, which was 68.6% higher than that in 2000 at comparable prices. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the average annual growth rate was 10.2%, especially in the two years after the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the GDP growth rate reached L4%, which was the best in history. The adjustment of industrial structure was further optimized, and the proportion of three industries was adjusted to 26.3: 37.2: 36.5. The industrial economy runs rapidly and efficiently, and the added value of the secondary industry reaches 61.43 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 1.7%. Cultivate a number of leading agricultural industrialization enterprises with competitive advantages, create a number of emerging industries, and transform and upgrade a number of traditional industries.

3. The pace of reform and opening up has been accelerated, and the vitality of enterprise development has been enhanced.

Since the second round of contracting in September 1990, enterprise reform has entered the stage of system innovation, and large and medium-sized enterprises directly under the state have undergone technological transformation, which has promoted the development of a number of key enterprises. By the end of 200 1, the enterprise restructuring has reached 97%. Enhance the vitality and vitality of enterprises, and promote the sustained, rapid and healthy development of industrial economy in Autonomous Prefecture.

Through the implementation of the strategy of large enterprises and large groups, a number of well-known large enterprises and large groups at home and abroad, such as COFCO, have been introduced, which has promoted the rapid improvement of the comprehensive strength of the direct industrial economy in Yili Prefecture. Accelerate the implementation of the strategy of transforming superior resources and the pace of new industrialization construction, further enhance the vitality of enterprise development, and the leading enterprises play an obvious role.

4. The development conditions have improved obviously, and the industrial development is ready to go.

In 2000, the installed power capacity of Yili Prefecture was only 1.88 MW, and the power generation was only 680 million kWh. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Yizhou increased its investment in the electric power industry, with a total investment of 2.8 billion yuan. The total installed capacity of direct electricity in Yili Prefecture is 6.5438+0.02 million kilowatts, and the annual power generation can reach more than 3 billion kWh. Around the development and utilization of energy resources, Yili Valley has become an important energy base in Xinjiang.

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, projects such as Nanjing Steel's Big Chemical Industry, Jardine Mining and Yineng Silicon Carbide were started and put into production one after another, and the development scale of superior resources expanded rapidly. Emerging industries such as green product processing and biopharmaceuticals have developed rapidly. Cooperate with the tenth five-year technical transformation project of Xinjiang cigarette factory; Yining Angel Yeast Project with an annual output of 8,000 tons of high-activity dry yeast; A number of large and medium-sized industrial projects with large production scale, advanced technology and high technology content, such as 4,000 tons of dry yeast and 4,000 tons of fresh yeast, have been completed and put into operation one after another. Newly started projects have played an outstanding role in stimulating the economy and promoting the rapid development of new industrialization in the country.

5. Increase investment in technological transformation and accelerate the adjustment of traditional industrial structure.

Since the reform and opening up, by increasing investment in technological transformation, traditional industries have been comprehensively transformed by using high-tech and advanced applicable technologies, and the technical equipment level of existing enterprises has been improved. Xinjiang Cigarette Factory, COFCO Sifang Sugar Industry, Golden Eagle Flax, Kangyou Meiyou, Yunsen Textile, Shuerbulake Wine Industry, Nangang Building Materials and other traditional industries have been transformed and upgraded. A number of major industrial projects, such as coal chemical industry of Shandong Xinwen Mining Group and Yili super-large chemical industry, are being actively promoted. Through the combination, cooperation and grafting transformation with large enterprises and groups at home and abroad, the structural adjustment of traditional industries such as steel, cigarettes, textiles, dairy products, grain and oil, feed and specialty product processing has been accelerated, with remarkable results and increasing enterprise strength. It shows great development potential.

6. The construction of China-Kazakhstan cooperation center has been accelerated, and the development prospects of export-oriented industries are broad.

Yili Prefecture has grown from a foreign trade enterprise in 1989 to more than 60 foreign trade import and export enterprises in1989 by the end of 2005, and the scale of the enterprises has been continuously expanded, forming a number of large-scale foreign trade circulation enterprises such as Longhua, Xingbian, Xinlian and Yixin. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Yili's foreign direct trade achieved rapid development, with the total import and export volume reaching US$ 65.438+96.4 billion, with an average annual increase of 654.38+0.000.3%. In 2005, the import and export volume of state direct investment in foreign trade was the fastest growing year during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, reaching the highest level in history. * * * The total import and export volume of foreign trade was $963 1.8 million, an increase of 1.654.38+0.6% over the previous year. Border small-scale trade accounts for more than 80% of foreign trade.

1989, Yili foreign trade company signed a130,000 yuan sheepskin processing contract with Kazakhstan, which opened the curtain of Yili's foreign direct processing trade. Since 2003, the state's export-oriented industries have developed rapidly. At present, it has basically formed an export-oriented industry facing the Central Asian market, and a number of powerful enterprises have settled in Yili. By the end of 2005, there were 29 export-oriented enterprises registered in China Branch, with a registered capital of 560 million yuan and a total investment of 2.28 billion yuan, and the export volume accounted for 13% of the total export volume, forming a number of export-oriented enterprises. There are 19 foreign trade enterprises that have registered 26 trademarks, such as "Feiji" (tomato sauce) and "Hengde", overseas with the international market development funds of SMEs. The structure of import and export commodities was further optimized, and the pattern of market diversification was basically formed. In 2005, the dependence on foreign trade was 23. 1 percentage point higher than that in Xinjiang, and it was in a leading position in Xinjiang, and the embryonic form of export-oriented economy appeared.

China-Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center is a demonstration project of economic cooperation and exchange between China and Kazakhstan under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. It is the first cross-border cooperation project in the world. According to the master plan, the construction area of the central area project will reach 2.52 million square meters, and the total investment will reach 654.38+0.5 billion yuan. Up to now, 10 single planning and design projects have been completed in the cooperation center area, 20 factories have settled in the supporting area, and the construction of roads, water supply and drainage, electricity and other facilities has started one after another. The construction of the center provides a broader and faster platform for attracting investment and strengthening bilateral and multilateral economic and trade cooperation.

Third, new achievements have been made in culture, education and health.

By the end of 2007, there were 3,795 college students in Quanzhou, including 1 1753 students, 9,484 students in secondary specialized schools, 56 students in vocational middle schools, 99 ordinary high schools, 29,800 students and 85,654,380 students. Colleges and universities directly under the state have enrolled 530 students, including 1 123 students. Secondary specialized school students 702 1, vocational middle school students 3115; There are 58 ordinary high schools with 1.68 students and 47,200 students.

There are 3 junior high schools16 in Quanzhou, with students172,800, and 7 primary schools18, with students 35 19. The enrollment rate of primary school-age children is 99.58%, and the enrollment rate of primary school graduates is 97.29%; The enrollment rate of school-age children in junior high school is 9 1. 16%. Junior high schools directly under the state 167, with students 107500. There are 437 primary schools with 226,900 students. The enrollment rate of primary school-age children is 99.77%, and the enrollment rate of primary school graduates is 97.82%. The enrollment rate of school-age children in junior high school is 90.2%, and the dropout rate of ordinary junior high school students is reduced by 0.62 percentage points. The enrollment rate from junior high school to ordinary high school is 48. 1%.

There are 1 1646 students in Quanzhou adult colleges, 377 students in adult secondary specialized schools, and 4,569 illiterate young people were eliminated throughout the year. There were 3,780 students in adult colleges and universities, 220 students in adult secondary specialized schools, and 832 illiterate young people were eliminated throughout the year.

There are 25 performing arts groups, 3 mass art galleries, 27 public libraries and 4 museums in the whole state. There are 12 performing arts groups, 1 mass art museum,1public library and 3 museums in the whole state. There are 1 radio stations (prefecture-level radio stations) and 262 radio transmitting stations and relay stations in the whole state, with a coverage rate of 92.77%. There are 1 TV station (prefecture-level TV station), 275 TV transmitting and relaying stations and 9692 satellite receiving and transmitting stations, and the TV population coverage rate reaches 90.82%. There are 1 radio stations (prefecture-level radio stations) and 84 radio transmitting stations and relay stations in the whole state, with a coverage rate of 90%. There are TV stations (prefecture-level stations) 1 station, 93 TV transmitting and relaying stations, and 3,984 satellite receiving and transmitting stations, and the TV population coverage rate is 9 1. 17%.

At the end of 2007, there were 13600 beds in health institutions in Quanzhou. Professional health technicians 18500. 9600 beds in the whole state; Professional health technicians 1.45 million.

At the end of 2007, the total population of Quanzhou was 4,342,200, including 2,474,700 ethnic minorities, accounting for 57% of the total population of Quanzhou. The birth rate is 18.82‰, the death rate is 4. 12‰, and the natural growth rate is 14.7‰. At the end of the year, the total population of Autonomous Prefecture was 2,702,300, of which the minority population was1645,700, accounting for 60.9% of the total population of Autonomous Prefecture. The birth rate is 22. 19‰, the death rate is 4.45‰, and the natural growth rate is 17.74‰. The planned fertility rate of Quanzhou population is 99.86%, of which Quanzhou is 99.88%.

Looking back on the 30 years of reform and opening up and looking forward to the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, Yili will become an important fulcrum and growth leader of Xinjiang's economic growth in the 2 1 century. In 20 10 and 20 12, the GDP reached 35 billion yuan and 45 billion yuan respectively, and the industrial added value maintained a growth rate of more than 30%, and the industrial added value exceeded1400 million yuan and1850 million yuan respectively. From 20 10 to 2020, the average annual growth rate of the national direct GDP will reach 15%. By 2020, the GDP will reach129.6 billion yuan, the industrial added value will reach 56 billion yuan, and the per capita GDP will reach 4 1806 yuan, which is higher than the western average level.