Why is Mount Tai honored as "the statue of five mountains"?

Songshan Mountain was first called "the statue of five mountains", and until now no other famous mountain has been called "the statue of five mountains". Although "the statue of five mountains" is similar to "the statue of five mountains", the two famous mountains are thousands of miles apart: "the statue of five mountains" is called Songshan Mountain in Zhongyue and Taishan Mountain in Dongyue. Perhaps "the respect of the five mountains" and "the respect of the five mountains" are really similar. Songshan later transferred the "respect of the five mountains" to the "exclusive respect of the five mountains" in Taishan, but he rarely mentioned the "respect of the five mountains" himself. "the respect of the five mountains" to create a public opinion to close Zen Mountain and Songshan Mountain. That was the biggest politics in the era of Wu Zetian, and of course there was no room for ambiguity. After Songshan Mountain was designated as "the statue of five mountains" by Wu Zetian, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty vowed to restore Li Tang and worship Mount Tai, so he had to create public opinion and called Mount Tai "the uncle of five mountains". The concept of "exclusive respect for five mountains" was first put forward by Shijie, a native of Tai 'an, Shandong Province, in the poem Taishan in the early years of Zhao and Song Dynasties. After Shijie said that "all mountains are known for their preciseness, and the five mountains are the only ones", the hat of "the five mountains are the only ones" gradually fell on Mount Tai's head. Shi Jie's "Respecting Five Mountains Alone" only sings the mountains and rivers of his hometown privately, which is obviously based on the imperial performance table of Chen Ziang, a pioneer of poetry innovation in the early Tang Dynasty-"Chixian County Persuades the Elderly Table". The "respect of five mountains" initiated by him can be described as "before me, where did those lost years go?" Behind me, are the future generations? " As his poem "Youzhou Tower" said. Up to now, the Happy Dictionary hosted by Sichuanese Wang cannot continue the proposition put forward by her fellow villagers. In "Persuading the elders in Chixian County to Accept the Zen Table", Chen Ziang wrote: "However, I came to Zen in the hope of jade. Immortals in the sky, driven by gold and worshipped by seals. The heyday of true talent and practical learning (Fengchan Mountain) was a great success. Shen Du is the pole in all directions, and Taishi Mountain is the first of the five mountains. Your Majesty hangs above the Wei Zi (the residence of the Ming and Qing emperors was called the Forbidden City, hence its name, and it originated in Wei Zi. The historian "Official Book" named the constellation "Zhong Gong" in the sky as "Zi Gong", including Taiyi Star, Sangong Star, Zheng Feixing and warlord Star. "Historical Records" said:' The word purple is here, and the word palace is here. ), Huang Yun, a big factory (there is the ecliptic in the sky, there is it in the sky, Songshan is not in the sky, it is underground, the ecliptic is in the north of Songshan, the Antarctic Arctic, and the hub of the sky is relatively motionless in Songshan), respect morality and ask the gods to help. It's really in this place, you should go down smoothly, be elegant in spirit, have a picture of the emperor, and be rich and glorious. "Zen was a grand ceremony of" providence "and" harmony between man and nature "in the imperial era-not to mention three emperors and five emperors, but judging from the later astronomical structure of China, Songshan Zen was also the best choice for emperors. Wu Zetian was very disdainful when he accompanied Emperor Gaozong to seal Mount Tai by mistake, saying that their attempts to seal Mount Tai were nothing more than "seeking longevity", "doing things for themselves", "saving the customs at the right time" and "pursuing fame with affection", and they just did whatever they wanted for fame and fortune. Wu Zetian has always encouraged Emperor Gaozong to seal Mount Tai and Mount Song, which is more important than moving the capital. Of course, there must be a "transition"-"the respect of the five mountains", "the uncle of the five mountains" and "the respect of the five mountains" are the marks left by this "transition" process. If it hadn't been for Wu Zetian and Tang Gaozong's closure of Songshan Mountain, this "relocation of the capital" might have been successfully completed, and there would have been no later "restoration" of Mount Tai-two later emperors closed the temple, one was Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, who announced the restoration of Li Tang, and of course Mount Tai was restored; One is Song Zhenzong. Of course, he doesn't want to worship Songshan after women. In fact, Wu Zetian was only an executor, but the "highest instruction" came from Emperor Taizong: "I often think that Gao Song is a Zhongyue, so why thank Taishan? "Intellectuals called on Guanshan to meditate. In 682 AD, Emperor Gaozong built the Fengtian Palace in the sun of Songshan Mountain, aiming at closing the mountain for meditation. An emperor, Mount Tai, closed the Zen Mountain and then closed it, which is unprecedented. There must be an excuse to shake the myth that Qin Huang, Hanwu and Guangwu only sealed Mount Tai. Emperor Gaozong's excuse is to "seal all the five mountains"-"After emperor Gaozong sealed Mount Tai, he wants to seal all the five mountains", so no one can think of any reason against him sealing the Zen Mountain to Songshan Mountain. He didn't start with Huashan Mountain in Gyeonggi, but preferred Songshan Mountain. Zen is the most luxurious national ceremony in the imperial era, which needs the support of national strength. I'm afraid the Olympic Games can't compare with it. In the second year of Linde (665), the coach set out from Chang 'an in February and arrived in Luoyang in March. 10, Bing Yin set off from Luoyang again. "Self-driving wenwu ceremony is endless. Set up tents in the camp, stretching all the way to vilen. From Korea (including Japan, etc. ) east to Persia and Uzbekistan (including India, etc. ) In the west, all courtiers (through "rate") belong to retinue, dome, cattle, sheep and camels, occupying the road. When the s were richer than the s, the rice bucket reached five dollars, and the wheat beans were not listed (don't say that people eat people, even the wheat beans are nobody's business, so it seems that the empire is really going to hold a big event to spend). In November, Wu Zixu went to Puyang, and Dou Dexuan rode from it. He asked,' Puyang is called Dizhong. Why not?' Dexuan can't be right. Xu Jingzong jumped up from behind and said, "Zhuan Xu used to live here, so it is called Diqiu." Call it good. Zunzong retired, and people said:' I can't be without learning; I am really ashamed to see that Dexuan can't be right. "Dexuan listened and said,' Everyone has his own abilities, but I am not strong enough to know everything. This is all I can do. Li Yue:' Respect the Sect and listen more, and believe in beauty; Good words are also good. "Shouzhang (now in Taiqian County, Henan Province) lived with Zhang Gongyi IX, and Qi, Sui and Tang Dynasties all showed their doors. I was lucky enough to be in Shouzhang's family, so I asked why I could live in * * *, and the word' forbearance' in the public art book was more than 100 words. If you are kind, you will get silk ... "In December, the Zen army arrived in Mount Tai, and the Zen martial arts ceremony was held in the first month of the following year. Back and forth, a meditation, the empire will toss for the first half of the year. Not to mention that. After meditation, officials were promoted and made a fortune, and the people didn't pay taxes for a year (even now, which country dares to be so tax-free), and the world reveled. "The twelfth lunar month (696), JOE, the empress dowager (the day at that time) is a god; Shen Jia, sealing the gods; Forgive the world, change the yuan to Dengfeng, and the people of the world will have no tax this year; Nine days. Ding Hai, small room Zen; I was ugly and congratulated on the altar of pilgrimage; In Zi Tong Zhi Jian, Sima Guang exempted Luozhou from two-year tax, while Dengfeng and Gaocheng counties were exempted from three-year tax, which was a trivial matter and refused to record. There is also the fact that the first ceremonial ceremony of the closing ceremony has arrived in the sun of Songshan, and the subsequent ceremonial ceremonies are still waiting for departure in the southern suburbs of Luoyang ... These leaked documents are only one aspect of the closing ceremony. Who dares to believe that the emperor's "sealing five mountains" is not a political excuse? In other words, for fun. He may just want to find a balance between the "new thinking" that advocates worshipping Songshan and the "old forces" that only worship Mount Tai, so as to achieve his appeal of worshipping Songshan. Whether Emperor Gaozong had the desire to merge the Buddhist temple (build its capital) and "relocate the imperial palace" can only be guessed. However, the voice of intellectuals opposing Mount Tai and supporting Songshan has never stopped since Wei and Jin Dynasties. Why does Mount Tai enjoy the privilege of closed meditation? Mr. Gu Jiegang said in "The alchemists and Confucian scholars in Qin and Han Dynasties": During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Mount Tai was the boundary wall between Qi and Lu. The alchemists of Qi and Lu did not travel far. They regarded Mount Tai as the highest peak in the world. Assuming that the highest emperor in the world is going to climb the highest mountain to worship the highest god in the sky, he expanded the hope of the latter country into the hope of the empire and named it "Fengchan". However, with the passage of time, since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it has been generally believed in the intellectual circles: Since Zen is a matter of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, why didn't it appear in the classics (Five Classics)? Following this line of thought, they began to suspect that "this is the extravagant heart of Qin and Han Dynasties". Zhun Yuan, a scholar in Wei and Jin Dynasties, strongly questioned this in Zheng Lun: "There are only three articles about Zhou Guan, which are the words of Guan Chan. Qi Huangong wanted to end the Zen, but when he heard Guan Zhong's words, he stopped. Burning Liao to worship heaven is a matter for kings, not governors. Is based on the suspicion of scholars. After the Qin dynasty, one master, two kings of the Han dynasty, practiced Zen. Its system is to seal the soil and the abbot, worship Mount Tai (Mount Tai), and not see the scriptures. Things in the Qin and Han Dynasties cannot be specialized. Guan Zhongyun: Yu Zen can remember, but it is the same to tell heaven, and the place of worship must be different. You can meditate in the meeting, and all four mountains can be closed. Luoyang, heaven and earth; Takamatsu, Liuhe also. Today, in the middle of heaven and earth, I tell you, Takamatsu can do it, and Xi is in Mount Tai? " Xu Mao, a Confucian scholar in the Southern Dynasties, suggested to Ji Mountain, "My business is for hunting. ..... (Feng Chan Tai Shan) This song by Shu Wei is not serious. " The questioning of Mount Tai Zen in the ideological circle formed a force that can not be ignored in the Tang Dynasty, and even "shaken" Emperor Taizong: "I often thought that Gao Song was a Zhongyue, so why should I thank Mount Tai?" "In order to prepare for the closure of Songshan Mountain, Emperor Gaozong built Fengtian Palace between Songyang Academy and Qimushi, and built Dengfeng altar at the top of Songshan Mountain." Mr. Lu, director of Dengfeng Shi Zhiban, said, "Emperor Gaozong and Zetian were fortunate to be in Fengtian Palace, but after the death of the emperor, Fengtian Palace was only abandoned for one year; In the second year of Yongchun, the Dengfeng altar with a diameter of five feet and a height of nine feet was built. From time to time, a nursery rhyme says,' There are several floors in Song Dynasty, and you are not afraid to climb, but you are afraid to climb. The presents are ready. In October of that year, Emperor Gaozong returned to Los Angeles due to illness. It is expected that 1 1 month meditation will stop. 14 years later, Wu Zetian boarded the Dengfeng altar and completed the sealing of Zen and Songshan led by her. Today, the Fengtian Palace and Dengfeng altar, which add luster to Songshan Mountain, have already been destroyed, and even the ruins are hard to find. Taoist priests in Songshan Mountain are good at spying on political trends. Wu Zetian sealed the Zen Mountain, which broke the political pattern that men dominated the Zen Festival and Mount Tai was the only one. She is not only the only female Zen master in the history of Zen in China, but also the only Zen master outside Mount Tai. Therefore, it is easy to focus on Wu Zetian's female role-"From Horse to Dragon" and "2002 Dengfeng Wu Zetian International Symposium"-and many articles included in Wu Zetian and Songshan are not limited to this. Because you are a woman, you can be different? "The kings of the past three generations have been between Heluo." But "when Qin proclaimed himself emperor and Xianyang was the capital, the five mountains and four blasphemies were all in the east. From the Five Emperors to the Qin Dynasty, it flourished and declined. The famous mountains and rivers were not emperors, and their gains and losses were unique and invincible. " After the establishment of the unified empire in Qin and Han Dynasties, for security reasons, the capitals were successively located in Guanzhong, and the Luo Song area lost its position as the political center of three generations-since "the five mountains and four blasphemies are all in the east", it depends on their mood under the background of "the ritual collapses and the mountains and rivers are sacrificed". The fairy tales of the Shenshan Mountain in the East China Sea created by Qilu alchemists can "entertain" Qin Huang Hanwu who is keen on finding immortals. Therefore, it is an elegant and natural choice of the times to close the Zen ceremony in a high-sounding manner and visit the immortals in a sneaky way. However, since the Eastern Han Dynasty and Wei and Jin Dynasties, especially after Yang Di and Wu Zetian moved to Luoyang, the political status of Songshan has risen again. Emperor Yang Di moved the capital, and the imperial edict praised: "Luoyi has been the capital since ancient times. Within the capital, the heavens and the earth are connected, the yin and yang are connected, the three rivers are controlled together, the four blockades are fixed, the land and water are connected, and tribute is paid. So Han Zu said,' I am prosperous in the world and only look at Luoyang'. ..... When I was in the early years of the Sui Dynasty, I wanted to create Zhuan Xu Luo, day after day, and today there are more and more. "In the Tang Dynasty, he reigned for 33 years, in Luo 1 1 year; The emperor died, Wu Zetian reigned for 2 1 year, and Luo reigned for 20 years. After she changed her life to the Tang Dynasty, she took Luoyang as the "God Capital" and surpassed Chang 'an. "Wei Song Zhongyue, Luoyang Xiadu, the rise of three episodes, and the five roads set each other off, which is really heaven and earth." Songshan Mountain, as a "sacred mountain" that connects the territory of God and is the center of the town, naturally becomes the inevitable choice of Zen rites in this era. Of course, as a religious national ritual system, Guanchan ceremony can "move" Songshan Mountain, and it is also inseparable from the interaction between the emperor and the Taoist priest. "Emperor Gaozong and Tianhou traveled all over the mountains, flying into the sky, creating secluded places repeatedly ..." The emperor was closely related to Songshan Taoist who was good at observing political trends and was also influencing political trends. Maoshan School is the mainstream of Taoism in Tang Dynasty. He landed in Songshan because of his tradition of being keen on politics. Maoshanzong was founded in Jiangnan by Tao Hongjing, a Taoist priest of the Southern Dynasties. "Most grandmasters have strong political activities", and Tao is the famous "Prime Minister in the Mountain". Wang, the first 10 grandmaster of Maoshan School, was also keen on politics. He integrated the northern and southern Taoism in Shi Tian, laid the foundation for the prosperity of Taoism in the Tang Dynasty, and introduced Maoshan School into the Central Plains. Politically, the king is honored as the emperor. After the tip-off, he was ordered by Gao Zu Li Yuan to find a new backer. Li and the contradiction escalated, and he predicted to be the son of heaven; In his later years, he placed his bets on Emperor Gaozong and Zetian. Before he died, he arranged two things: First, he ordered his son Shao Ye to say,' See the son of heaven at the age of 65 and a woman at the age of 70.' Second, he lied that he had an indissoluble bond with Songshan. His last words were that Pan, a disciple who had followed him to practice in Songshan, said, "I met Xiange and missed a boy's kiss when I was young, so I couldn't ascend to heaven during the day. I'll see you soon. "The next day, he bathed, crowned, changed clothes, burned incense and went to bed." He died at the age of 126. "What is complementary to Wang's active use of the world is that Pan Shiyi is abstinent, aiming at alchemy and cultivation, and is at arm's length from politics. He became a monk in Xiaoyao Valley of Songshan Mountain for more than 20 years, eating the leaves of pine trees and drinking the spring water in the forest. Emperor Gaozong summoned him and asked, "What do you need on the mountain?" He replied, "There are many pine trees in the mountains." His "inaction" repeatedly alarmed Emperor Gaozong, and then ascended to heaven, but he still said to his disciples on his deathbed: "I am hiding here silently, but I have returned to my old master, disturbing Yue Ling, and I really committed a crime. Never tire of learning. " Perhaps "deep fear" won "the great respect of Emperor Gaozong and Tianhou" and created a worship of the Tang Dynasty for him. Even the Fengtian Palace built by Emperor Gaozong to worship Songshan was adjacent to him: "The emperor ordered our company to open a special gate in Xiaoyao Valley, nicknamed Xianyou Gate; Also in the north of the park, I set up a door to find the truth, all of which are teachers' names. I often play new music, and the emperor named it "Pray for Immortals", "Look at Immortals" and "Become Immortals". "From Qin Huang, Hanwu to Emperor Gaozong, Zetian, and even Song Zhenzong, the last one was in meditation. Who didn't worship Zen for self-help? The immortal of Songshan Mountain is a call. Respondent: Baima Xiaoxifeng 198.