Cause analysis of earthquake collapse of 74 buildings in Shandong plain

Shear wave and longitudinal wave of earthquake. Seismic waves are divided into shear waves and longitudinal waves, which cause the building to shake back and forth and up and down respectively. When the building is subjected to forces in different directions, the load-bearing changes, the force is uneven, and then the amplitude expands, leading to collapse. However, the wall has no toughness, which leads to extremely weak deformation resistance and leads to cracking and collapse of the wall.