Historical evolution of big factories

Dachang territory was formed in the period of Liang Tian Jian in the Southern Dynasties (AD 502-5 19) and originally belonged to Kunshan County.

"Big Factory", according to legend, a saltworks was set up here in the Song Dynasty, which was named after the large saltworks.

According to the Records of Baoshan County in Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, "dachang town, located in Sanli, southwest of the county seat, was named after the saltworks in Song Dynasty".

In the existing ancient literature, the word "Dachangpu" appeared earlier, and it was named after a river in Wumen Water Conservancy Annals written by Zheng Xu in the third year of Song Xining (1070). "Nandachang" in Shaoxing and Jiading in Song Dynasty (1 1- 1224) was the name of the port and the name of the tax saltworks.

Dachang town was recorded earlier in the fourth year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (1509) and the thirty-third year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1605).

According to relevant historical records, Dachang became the mouth of the ancient Wusong River in the 7th and 8th centuries. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Dachang market town was basically formed. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, dachang town was once used as a maritime port for commercial activities, and local cotton cloth was sold to Fujian, Zhejiang and other places and overseas.

From Zhengde to Wanli in the middle of Ming Dynasty (1506- 1620), Dachang market town has been quite large.

By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the market town was more prosperous, saying that "although the field was three miles long, there were nine bridges and eighteen lanes in the town" (the nine bridges were located on the dachang town River, from east to west, namely Hu Jia Bridge, Jialian Bridge, Taiping Bridge, Shouren Bridge, Center Bridge, Heting Bridge, Yixue Bridge, Jiangjia Bridge and Li Ji Bridge, all of which were gone; 18 Lane and Lane 9 are located in Dachang Town Street, which are Douge Lane, East Lane, Shenjia Lane, Yangjia Lane, Yu Jia Lane, North Lane, Yinjia Lane, Majia Lane and Li Ji Lane in turn from east to west, and the remaining 9 lanes are located in Bangnan, Dachang Town. From east to west are Hu Jia Lane, Jia Lian Lane, Sijia Lane, Mudong Lane, Houjia Lane Lane, Wu Jia Lane, Jiangjia Lane and Nanji Lane.

Buyers from Shanxi, Shaanxi and Huizhou merchants all set up shops here to buy cotton-woven fabrics, and the market flourished until late at night.

During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, according to the economic situation, dachang town began to have the reputation of "iron yard" and became one of the four famous towns in the northern suburbs of Shanghai in history, along with Jinluodian, Yinnan Lane and Tongjiangwan.

As for the name of "Iron Yard", another said: Because there are more and more ships on Zoumatang, many blacksmiths set up stalls to work for boatmen by the river, and the sound of iron knocking on the three-mile-long river bank is endless, so it is called "Iron Yard".

Dachang was once dubbed "Qianxi" and "Ganxi".

According to the Qing Dynasty's Chronicle of Dachang, Zoumatang, also known as Qianxi, was opened by King Qian Liu of wuyue to collect fishing salt. Han Shizhong, a famous Song Dynasty soldier, stationed troops in Jiangwan, Dachang and other places, and traveled around the pond bank, so people called him "walking on a horse".

Because Dachang is located in the middle reaches of Zoumatang, Qianxi was named another name for Dachang, and "Qian" and "Gan" had the same name, but it was renamed Qianxi after a long time.

Qingyi Renzhou wrote several poems about Ganxi, and the so-called "Ganxi" refers to a big factory.

Dachang town is adjacent to the urban area in the south and the airport in the east.

China has convenient transportation.

Hutai Road runs through the north and south, Zhongchang Road and Nangong Shenyi connect things, and the real road leads to the southwest.

Rivers crisscross the territory, covering urban and rural areas. Zoumatang Waterway is the east-west main waterway, connecting Ximipu and Taopu in the north-south direction. 15 tonnage ships can reach the main rivers such as Zhuozaobang, Huangpu River and Suzhou River.

Dachang is really the hub of land and water transportation, so it has always been a battleground for military strategists, and wars continue.

During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the market became the gateway of commercial activities, and local cotton fabrics were sold to Fujian, Zhejiang and other places and overseas, thus promoting the expansion of commodity circulation and the development of cities and towns.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was a prosperous market in the west of the town called Linjiang Street. In the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1645), the Qing soldiers carried out a massacre here, all the residents were spared and the houses were reduced to ruins.

During the reign of Xianfeng and Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, Dachang became the main distribution center of cloth. Merchants from Shanxi, Shaanxi and Anhui all came here to buy cloth, and the lights were bright at night until late at night.

In the early years of the Republic of China, the neighboring areas produced more than 900,000 pieces of cloth every year, and the price was more than 280,000 yuan.

Later, due to the dumping of foreign cloth, the production and sales of domestic cloth are shrinking day by day, but it still ranks first in the county.

Later, according to market changes, businessmen mainly engaged in rice, flowers and food. During the boom, there were more than 300 firms, especially the catering industry developed rapidly. The town once had the saying of "ten shops and three pavilions".

Famous old shops include Ding Sheng and Dahua Restaurant; Hengshun, Hongtai Mihang; Henggan Cat, Daren and Shengchangxiang Cloth Shop; Weidong, Pusongji, Daoxiang Village Food Store; Kangyu, Wan Yi Sauce Garden, etc.

Wan Yi Sauce Garden was born in Qing Dynasty, with a history of 150 years.

It is as famous as Wusong Wansheng, Jiangwan Yuan Yu and Luodian Seven Souls, and is also called the Four Official Sauce Gardens.

Wan Yi Sauce Garden is located at the tip of Dachang Town West City, covering an area of about 5 mu.

The annual purchase of soybeans (raw materials for sauce making) increased from several hundred tons to three thousand tons, the number of employees increased from more than 10 to more than 30, and the number of sauce jars increased to 800.

Wan Yi Sauce Garden is famous for its reputation first and quality first.

His production method is to use 1000 kg of high-quality fresh soy sauce, put it in a vat, and expose it to the sun and night in the dog days. It takes about 40 days to concentrate to 700 Jin. Only when soy sauce is covered with a thin layer of salt and ice can it be qualified. This is the origin of drying oil in dog days.

This product is thick but not salty, mellow and fresh, and does not mildew after long-term storage. Therefore, villagers who are dozens of miles away from the town have taken pains to go to the town to purchase.

In 2 1 (1932) of the Republic of China, the 19th Route Army fought bloody battles here and suffered heavy casualties.

After the war, local residents raised funds to build a memorial square in Dachang.

In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), during the "August 13th" Sino-Japanese War, China's army fought fiercely with the Japanese invaders for half a month. In this war, the Japanese army dispatched 150 sorties and dropped 160 tons of bombs on the township, making the whole stadium a scorched earth.

194 1 year, the Japanese and puppet authorities set up a card in Tangqiao to "clear the countryside", blocked traffic, controlled materials and commodities, and the market was depressed.

The business in Dongjie area plummeted because the Japanese army built an airport in the north of the town, demolished a large number of houses and drove away the residents. In addition, with the rise of pengpu town, there are fewer shops.

After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, refugees returned to the stadium one after another, which restored and developed dachang town's business, reaching more than 300 shops at most.

Later, due to the dumping of foreign goods, currency devaluation, inflation and exorbitant taxes, commercial operations were in trouble and many shops closed down. On the eve of liberation, there were only 226 merchants left in the town.

Dachang's education can be traced back to Dongyang Yishu, which was founded by local people in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 13 15), and it is also the earliest school with history to be tested in Baoshan area.

In the 31st year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1905), Dachang public primary school (now the predecessor of Dachang Town Primary School) was the earliest new primary school in Dachang area. Since then, Dachang has successively established five primary schools.

In 2 1 (1932) of the Republic of China, Mr. Tao Xingzhi, a people's educator, founded the Shanhai Engineering Corps in Mengjiamuqiao, Dachang, advocating "education of workers and peasants", "combination of work and study" and "Mr. Xiao" advocating civilian education, which had great influence in China, and was later affected by the war, especially ".

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, education was restored. First, Shanhai Engineering Group was rebuilt and renamed as Shanhai Rural Experimental School, and seven branch schools were successively restored and developed. Later, the Yucai School founded by Tao Xingzhi in Chongqing was moved to Zhaojia Garden in Qing Yu Bridge, a big factory, and the "Shanghai Youth Village" initiated by Zhao Puchu, a Buddhist society in China, aimed at accommodating and educating street children.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), with the strong support of the Party and the people, the education of big factories has been further developed.

Xingzhi Middle School 1978 was listed as the municipal key middle school, and Shanhai Engineering Group 198 1 was rebuilt again.

Dachang is also the earliest area of preschool education.

In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1934), with the support of Mr. Tao Xingzhi, a rural kindergarten was established in Xiajiazhai, the first one in China. After the "August 13th" Sino-Japanese War broke out, kindergartens were closed.

In 36 years of the Republic of China (1947), Chen Heqin, a child educator, founded the first rural nursery in China-Dachang Rural Nursery. In May of 38, the nursery was occupied by the remnants of * * * and was forced to close down.

To commemorate Tao Xingzhi's contribution to education in China, 195 1 At the beginning of the year, Premier Zhou Enlai of the State Council personally instructed that Shanhai Rural Experimental School was renamed Xingzhi Primary School, and later developed into Xingzhi Primary School and Xingzhi No.2 Primary School; Yucai School has been renamed Xingzhi Art School and Xingzhi Middle School. 198 1 year to rebuild the socialist shanhai engineering group; 1984, Tao Xingzhi Memorial Hall was built in the original site of Shanhai Engineering Group and opened to the public in 1986.