Seeking the answer of art

There are many views on the origin of art, including representative theories put forward by ancient Greek philosophers democritus and Aristotle, game theory put forward by German writer Schiller and sociologist Spencer, religious magic theory put forward by German archaeologist Lellak, witchcraft theory put forward by British anthropologists Edward, Neller, Fraser and American psychoanalyst Fromm, and mind expression theory put forward by Austrian psychopath Freud and Russian Marxist theorist plekhanov.

The characteristics of Egyptian art are:

A. Strengthening the hierarchical concept of imperial power and the mutual penetration of service and the religious spirit of the soul constitute the motivation of artistic creation in ancient Egypt.

B. Modeling rules combining rational factors and fixed procedures

C. emphasize the geometric form of rules and pursue decorative flavor.

D. bold, grand, solemn, concise and clear artistic style

Major achievements:

Architecture: Pyramid-Pharaoh's tomb, obelisk.

Sculptures: The Sphinx (the pyramid of Hafra), Menkoala and his wife, Kaye, the scribe, the portrait of the village chief (actually the statue of Prince kapal) and so on.

Relief and painting:

Representative relief works in the ancient kingdom period include: Namir slate and hippo hunting.

Tomb murals from the ancient kingdom: the number of remains is small, and the representative work is "Flying in a Wild Goose", which is realistic, vivid and harmonious in color.

The development of ancient Greek art;

1: Aegean cultural period (3 1 century BC-0/3rd century BC)

2. Homer era (BC12nd century ~ 8th century BC)

3. Antique period (7th century BC ~ 6th century BC)

4. Classical period (5th century BC ~ 4th century BC)

5. Hellenistic period (5th century BC ~ 4th century BC)

Christianity, Islam and Buddhism are called the three major religions in the world.

The religious building of Christianity is the Christian church; The religious building of Islam is a mosque; Buddhist religious buildings are pagodas or temples.

14 ~16th century, Italian painting reached maturity during the Renaissance, and its representative painters were called "three outstanding artists" (three outstanding artists after the Renaissance), namely: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.

Leonardo da Vinci's representative works: The Last Supper, Mona Lisa and Our Lady of the Rock.

Michelangelo's masterpiece: mourning for Christ

Other sculptures include David, Moses, day and night and dying slaves.

Murals include Genesis on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and Doomsday on the altar.

Raphael's masterpiece: The Sistine Madonna

El greco (Stylistism, Early Baroque Style)

Caravaggio (Baroque Period)

Rubens (baroque style)

Zindirac (Baroque period)

Pu Sang (Baroque period, classicism)

Velazquez (Baroque period)

Anthony Van Dick (Baroque period)

Claude (Baroque period, landscape painter)

representative works

1600 "Jesus kicked the vendors out of the temple" El greco (1541-1614).

160 1 year dinner in Caravaggio (about 1573- 16 10 year)

Simon and Delilah Rubens (1577- 1640)

About1612-1621year Judith Slaughterer Henfenny Zindirac (1593- 1653).

About 1635 "Charles I is Hunting" Van Dick (1599- 164 1 year).

About 1638- 1640 The Shepherd of Pu Sang, Acadia (1594- 1665).

About 1640 "the shepherd's pilgrimage" Quito Reni (1575- 1642)

The voyage of the Queen Claude of Sheba

1656 "maid-in-waiting" velazquez (1599- 1660)

Alexander lebrun of Babylon (16 19- 1690)

Representative painter

Gerald tebo

He was an important Dutch custom painter and portrait painter in the17th century. He joined Harlem Guild of Saint Luke on 1635, and then went to Germany, Italy, Britain, France, Spain and many other countries. He has learned a lot in his travel and work, and he can learn from others to enrich himself. In his early years, he liked to paint soldiers and officers to show military life, but later he turned his life to citizen life. He painted a small genre painting in the 1940s and formed his own style in the 1950s. He has a lot of interiors in the studio, and the characters often engage in some activities quietly: women dress up, play the piano, engage in elegant recreation or chat, and also have a delicate description of the characters' psychology. The outstanding performance of the texture and luster of silk fabrics, carpets and silverware has become a major feature of his paintings. Later works are more colorful than before, and the movements of characters are more lively. Representative works include Music Class, Young Girl Reading Letters to a Woman, A Boy Catching Fleas for Dogs, etc.

Pieter de Hooch

/kloc-0 was born in Rotterdam in June 29, and/kloc-0 died in Amsterdam in June 684. Most of his early works show the life of soldiers and scenes in hotels, and he also created some genre paintings depicting the lower classes. From 65438 to 0655, he joined the painter's association in Delft, and was influenced by Rembrandt student fabricius and Delft painter Vermeer, and created many important works. It was during this period that he turned to indoor genre painting. Delft school pays great attention to the expression of natural light and describes indoor scenes full of soft sunshine. Hoch's indoor scene also has this feature. Light enters from the outside or out of the window and falls softly and evenly on rooms and people. He tries to show a vibrant and happy atmosphere, likes to use bright colors, and the picture has a warmer tone. In front of the wine cellar, the atrium and the yard of a Dutch family are all his masterpieces. The Dutch women in his works are very simple and dignified, and his painting style inherits the characteristics of traditional Dutch painting. In his later years, influenced by the court art of Louis XIV of France, he turned to depict the upper class people in the gorgeous hall.

Gabriel Medici

1629 was born in Leiden, 1667 died in Amsterdam. Most of his early works are based on religion and fairy tales. 1655 and then turned to indoor genre painting to show the life of Dutch citizens. He often depicts the scenes of women dressing up and playing musical instruments, and is good at showing the glitter of gorgeous clothes, carpets and silks and satins, from which we can see that he was influenced by Tibao. The work praises the warm family life of the citizens, and the room is clean and bright. He likes to use soft diffuse sunlight, close to Hoch and Vermeer, and the color is warmer than the former. His masterpiece is Young Women in Morning Makeup Disturbed by Gentlemen.

Johannes Vermeer

He is an excellent custom painter and is often regarded as the representative painter of "Dutch small painting school". Throughout his works, there is a fresh and quiet poetry. Although he belongs to the Dutch small painting school, his work style is different from other painters of the "small painting school". He does not draw attention to the plot, nor does he describe too many details of life, but gives people beautiful enjoyment with lyrical artistic conception. There are nearly 40 masterpieces handed down from ancient times (34 to 38), of which only two are landscape paintings, Delft Landscape and Alley. Although the number is small, they show the beautiful and peaceful scenery of the painter's hometown. 1632 Vermeer was born in this town. He joined Guild of Saint Luke on 1653 and became a formal painter. 1675, died at the age of 43. He was poor all his life, but most of his works showed comfortable and leisurely middle-class family life, showed familiar women around him, and liked to poeticize ordinary housework. The picture is very simple, with few characters, and most of them only depict one woman. The characters look relaxed and natural, and their clothes are simple and generous. Painters especially like to use blue and lemon yellow to form a very harmonious tone, giving the picture a quiet and elegant atmosphere. There is often an open window on the picture, and the bright sunshine shines through the window, which makes the room full of soft and warm natural light. Vermeer describes the subtle changes of scattered light very well, and the picture is vivid and full of quiet and comfortable life. The Maid Who Pour Milk, The Girl Who Read Letters in Blue, Miss Lace, and The Girl with the Headscarf are all his outstanding masterpieces.

There are also important folk painters in this period, such as Adrian Bruwell, Adrian van austad and Jan Sting, who also belong to the Dutch small painting school. But mainly facing the life of the lower class, many farmers' genre paintings have been passed down from generation to generation.

Adrian Brewer

Adrian Brewer was a student of hals in Harlem in his early years. He worked in the portrait master's studio for several years, then went to Amsterdam and joined the St. Luke's society, where he became famous and recognized by the public. He moved to Antwerp in Flanders in 163 1 and died there in 1638. He inherited the tradition of peasant genre painting of old Peter Bruegel, and was good at expressing the life of peasants. In addition to describing their work in the fields, they especially like scenes full of dramatic conflicts, such as farmers singing, quarreling or drinking in small hotels. They use dark colors and like brown. His representative works are Jianghu Doctor and Drunken.

Adrian van austad

16 10 was born in Harlem, and 1685 died here. There are many works, including more than 800 oil paintings and 50 prints. He is also a student in hals. 1634 joined the painters' association and has been working in his hometown of Harlem. Most of the early works were peasant genre paintings, depicting scenes of farmers drinking or fighting, and the characters were lively and rough. Most of the paintings in the early 1930 s were light tones and rich in color. In the late 1930s, influenced by Rembrandt, it turned to warm brown. In his later works, the characters and movements tend to be peaceful. Farmers in Inn, Farmers for Entertainment and Fisherman are all his representative works.

Jane sting

Born in Leiden about 1625, he studied in Leiden university for a short time in 1644, and later decided to engage in painting for life. 1648 Join the Artists Association. Later, I moved to The Hague and went to Delft. 166 1 year settled in Harlem and experienced the art of hals. 1670 Return to Leiden. There are many works, including more than 800 oil paintings, some of which choose religious and mythical themes, but most of them are genre paintings. Most of the early works are outdoor scenery, depicting some humorous characters and lively scenes; Most of his later works are peasant genre paintings, and The Happy Family, written in 1668, is his masterpiece. On the screen, people of different ages communicate with people around them with smiles in their own way, which is full of sincere joy and constitutes a very active and warm scene. Others such as Saint Nicholas's Day and The Sick Woman are also masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. The later works after 1670 reflect the exquisite and flat painting style, and reveal the influence of French Louis XIV's court art in some noble and elegant images. In the works of the above three painters, there are many social contents, such as doctors treating patients, rural teachers attending classes and sympathizing with vagrants. They also exposed the ugly phenomena of alcoholism, fighting and gambling, which reflected the poverty and depressed life of the lower class to some extent. However, this description seems to be only aimed at the phenomenon itself, without revealing the social reasons, which is not profound enough.

work of art

Leading the people freely, the French Revolution.

Representative painter

Delacroix, Ji likes it

Courbet and Miller, the flag bearers of realism.

Impressionism is a painting school that was born in France in the second half of19th century. Its representative figures are Monet, Manet, pissarro, Renoir,? Sisley, Degas, Koro, Mo Lisuo, Bachillo and Paul Cézanne.

Masterpieces: MANET's Lunch on the Grass and The Piper Boy.

Monet-Sunrise Impression, Water Lily and Rouen Cathedral

Renoir-Moulin Rouge's Ball

Cezanne Estek's Bay and Still Life Apple Basket

The boat in the flood.

After impressionism, another artist, Zhang, represented by Cezanne, Van Gogh and Gauguin, appeared, which was called "post-impressionism".

? Masterpieces: Cezanne's masterpieces include Still Life and Mount Saint Victor Neil. Prison in Guldang (1906) is one of his last works.

Van Gogh's representative works include: The Potato Eater in his early works, Sunflower, Starry Night and Postman in his later works.