Who is the author of Water Margin?

Shi Naian (1296 ~ 1371 late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty) was named Zian (one name is Ming Er), also known as Zhao (zhào) Rui, with the courtesy name Yanduan and the nickname Naian. Birthplace: Xinghua, Jiangsu. His ancestral home was Hailing County, Taizhou, and he lived in Shijia Lane, Changmenwai, Suzhou. He later moved to Baijuchang, Xinghua County at that time (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).

Identity: A famous ancient Chinese writer, born in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, and the author of the long classical novel "Water Margin".

Life: There is very little information about Shi Naian's life and deeds, and some of the records collected are also quite contradictory. Since the 1920s, some materials related to Shi Naian have been discovered in Xinghua, Dafeng, Yandu and other places in present-day Jiangsu Province, including the "Shi Family Genealogy", "Shi Family Genealogy", etc., and others The addendum to volume 13 of "Xinghua County Chronicles" contains one "Biography of Shi Naian", and the addendum to volume 14 contains one "Epitaph of Shi Naian" written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty. According to the analysis of these materials: Shi Naian is a descendant of Shi Zhichang, one of the seventy-two descendants of Confucius. The descendants of Shi Zhichang made their home in Suzhou in the late Tang Dynasty. His father's name was Yuande, who was a boat operator, and his mother was the Bian family (descendants of the Bian family also moved to Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province today). Shi Naian was smart, eager to learn, talented, filial and righteous since he was a child. He was a scholar at the age of 19, a scholar at the age of 28, and a Jinshi at the same age as Liu Bowen at the age of 36. He served as an official in Qiantang (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province) for three years. Dissatisfied with the darkness of the officialdom and unwilling to cater to the powerful, he abandoned his official position and returned to his hometown. When Zhang Shicheng revolted against the Yuan Dynasty, Shi participated in his military activities. After Zhang took control of Su, Shi participated in planning under him and had a close relationship with his general Bian Yuanheng. Later, because Zhang was greedy for leisure and did not accept honest advice, Shi, Lu Yuan, Liu Liang, Chen Ji and others were greatly disappointed and left one after another. When Shi was bidding farewell to Lu and Liu, he composed the suite "Farewell to the Autumn River by the New Water" to express his generous and sorrowful feelings. Soon, Zhang Shicheng died and the country was destroyed. Shi wandered around the world, roaming in Shandong, Henan and other places. He was friendly with Liu Shanben, the teacher of Yuncheng County, Shandong, and later lived in Xushichu, Jiangyin, where he served as his tutor. Later, he returned to Baiju and lived in seclusion. Feeling the decline of current affairs, he wrote "Water Margin" to express his feelings. He also wrote "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "The Legend of Sansui Pingyao" with his disciple Luo Guanzhong. He was also good at poetry and music, but few of his works were widely circulated. In addition to the suite "Farewell on the Autumn River", there are also poems by Gu Ti and poems by Liu Liang that have been handed down to the world. In order to avoid being drafted by the Ming Dynasty, Shi Naian lived in Huai'an, fell ill and died, and was buried on the spot at the age of 75. Decades after Nai'an's death, his grandson Wenyu (Shu Yuan), whose family was flourishing, moved his ancestor Nai'an's bones to be buried in Baiju Xiluo Lake (now Shijiaqiao Village, Xinduo Town, Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province), and invited Wang Daosheng wrote "Shi Naian's Epitaph". In the 19th year of Jiajing's reign in the Ming Dynasty (1540), Gao Ru's "Baichuan Shuzhi" recorded: "100 volumes of "Water Margin of Loyalty and Righteousness". The edition of Shi Naian in Qiantang. Edited by Luo Guanzhong." In the 45th year of Jiajing's reign, Lang Ying wrote in "The Seventh Anniversary" "Xi Lei Manuscript" said: "This book is the 'version of Shi Naian in Qiantang'." During the Wanli period, Hu Yinglin pointed out in "Shaoshi Shanfang Bi Cong": "The Water Margin compiled by Shi in Wulin is particularly popular." Today. People unanimously believe that Shi Naian is the author of "Water Margin". Some people also think that it was co-authored with his disciple Luo Guanzhong or continued by Luo Guanzhong.

During the reign of Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty, there was a desolate young man named Gao Qiu in Tokyo. He played well and was spotted by Emperor Zhezong's younger brother, King Duan, and became King Duan's confidant. Later, King Duan became the emperor, and this was Huizong. Within half a year, Gao Qiu was promoted to the rank of Taiwei of the palace commander's palace. On the first day after Gao Qiu took office, he punished his coach Wang Jin who had not arrived due to illness, forcing Wang Jin to flee Tokyo with his mother. Wang Jin came to Shijia Village in Huayin and was taken in by Shi Jin, who worshiped him as his master. Later, due to Gao Qiu's intense pursuit, Wang Jin had no choice but to bid farewell to Shi Jin and defect to Yan'an Prefecture. After the king entered, Shi Jin made friends with the leader of Shaohua Mountain. When the magistrate of Huayin County found out about this, he falsely accused Shi Jin of having an affair with the grass bandits and sent troops to burn Shijiazhuang. Shi Jin had no choice but to leave Huayin and go find Wang Jin. Passing through Weizhou, he met Ruda, the official of Weizhou Jinglue Prefecture, and the two came to a restaurant to drink. While drinking, suddenly there was a sound of crying from next door. Rudaton was reckless by nature and always good at chivalry, so he asked the bartender to bring the crying man. The Jin family's father and daughter were brought there, and the daughter cried and said: Because they had gone to Weizhou to seek relatives, Zheng Tu of Zhuangyuanqiao Butcher Shop took advantage of the crisis and wanted to take his daughter as a concubine. Now they are kicked out, so Zheng Tu wants my father and daughter to give birth to him. His money. After hearing this, Lu Da was furious and determined to punish Zheng Tu. The next morning, Luda sent the Jin family away and went to the Zhuangyuanqiao Butcher Shop. He first asked Zheng Tu to cut the meat himself. After teasing the villain, he killed him with three punches. Then he left Weizhou. Half a month later, Zhao Yuan came out and sent Ruda to Mount Wutai to become a monk, with a Buddhist name of Zhishen. Later Lu Zhishen left Wutai Mountain and managed the vegetable garden at Daxiangguo Temple in Tokyo.

One day, Lu Zhishen was practicing martial arts in the vegetable garden and uprooted a weeping poplar tree in public. He was seen by Lin Chong, who accompanied his wife to the Yue Temple to offer incense. The two hit it off and became sworn brothers. When I was happy, the maid came to report that someone was teasing my wife. Lin Chong rushed to Yuemiao and saw that it was Gao Yanei, the godson of Taiwei Gao, so he had no choice but to let him go and bid farewell to Lu Zhishen and go home. Gao Yameni saw that Lin Chong's wife was beautiful and wanted to take possession of Lin Chong's wife. Fu An, a minion, suggested a plan to Gao Qiu and tricked Lin Chong into bringing the sword into the White Tiger Hall. Lin Chong was captured and sent to Cangzhou for assassination. Gao Qiu then sent someone to bribe the officials and asked them to kill Lin Chong in the wild boar forest. Fortunately, Lu Zhishen secretly protected Lin Chong. When they arrived in Cangzhou, Gao Qiu sent his minions to burn the fodder yard again, intending to kill Lin Chong. Lin Chong couldn't bear it anymore, killed his minions and fled to Liangshanbo at night. Wang Lun, the leader of the village, was jealous of Lin Chong and asked him to go down the mountain to rob. Lin Chong went down the mountain and waited for three days before he saw someone passing by. This man was Yang Zhi, the green-faced beast. Lin Chong fought with him for a long time without winning. Wang Lun persuaded the two of them to stay and invited Yang Zhi to go up the mountain. Lin Chong joined the group and took the fourth position. Yang Zhi did not want to join the group and went down to Tokyo. Yang Zhi had nowhere to seek refuge in Tokyo, so he had to sell his ancestral sword to make ends meet. The rogue Niu Er made trouble without reason and wanted to seize the sword, but was killed by Yang Zhi. Yang Zhichong served in the left-behind department of Daming Prefecture. Liang Zhongshu, the son-in-law of Cai Jing who stayed behind, took a fancy to Yang Zhi's martial arts and asked Yang Zhi to escort the birthday cake worth 100,000 guan to Tokyo to celebrate Cai Jing's birthday. After the red-haired ghost Liu Tang heard about this, he persuaded Chao Gai to rob the ill-gotten wealth. Chao Gai asked Wu Yong, a wise man, to find a way. Wu Yong invited seven people including Ruan Xiaoer, Ruan Xiaowu, Ruan Xiaoqi, Gongsun Sheng, etc., and decided to rob these birthday hills in Huangnigang. When Yang Zhi and his party came to Huangnigang, Chao Gai and others pretended to be jujube merchants. While Yang Zhi's men were buying wine, they dropped Mongolian sweat medicine, knocked them unconscious, and robbed Shengchengang. Yang Zhi woke up and found that Shengchengang had been robbed. Knowing that a disaster was imminent, he went to Longshan, Qingzhou, to become a robber. Liang Zhongshu informed Cai Jing that Shengchengang had been robbed, and Cai Jing ordered Jeju Prefecture to arrest the culprits. Jeju Prefecture sent He Tao to take charge of the case. After investigation, it was found that Chao Gai and others were responsible. He Tao led people to Yuncheng County to arrest Chao Gai. Song Jiang, the prefect of the county, was a good friend of Chao Gai. After hearing the news, he immediately reported the news to Chao Gai. Chao Gai burned down his manor. He Tao was defeated and he led everyone to Liangshanbo. Wang Lun deliberately made things difficult and refused to take him in. Lin Chong was furious, killed Wang Lun, and elected Chao Gai as the leader of Liangshanbo. After Chao Gai defeated the army and stabilized Liangshan, he sent Liu Tang to thank Song Jiang with letters, gold and silver. Song Jiang returned the gold and silver and wrote the letters. On the way back to his residence, he was stopped by Yan Po, who forced Song Jiang to his home, hoping to betroth his daughter to Song Jiang to thank him for his many years of support. Song Jiang did not value women, so he reluctantly stayed at her house for one night. Unexpectedly, the letter was discovered by Yan Poxi, who insisted that Song Jiang secretly communicated with Liangshanbo and wanted to report it to the official. Song Jiang's pleas were in vain, and in anger, he killed Yan Poxi and fled back to Songjia Village. The magistrate sent Zhu Tong and Lei Heng to arrest Song Jiang, but they deliberately let him go and let Song Jiang hide in Chaijin Village. There Song Jiang met Wu Song who had fled here, and the two became brothers. Wu Song recovered from his illness, bid farewell to Song Jiang and went to find his brother Wu Dalang. Wu Song killed a tiger when he passed by Jingyanggang and was appointed as the head of the infantry by the magistrate of Yanggu County. One day, Wu Song met his brother in Yanggu County. Wu Dalang was very happy and led Wu Song home. When her sister-in-law Pan Jinlian saw Wu Song's burly appearance, she suddenly had evil thoughts and deliberately seduced him, but Wu Song reprimanded him. Soon, Wu Song escorted property to Tokyo for the magistrate. After Wu Song left, Pan Jinlian hooked up with Ximen Qing, a local tyrant who opened a drug store, and poisoned Wu Dalang to death. When Wu Song returned to the county and learned of the incident, he complained to the county magistrate but was not allowed. In a rage, he went to a restaurant to kill Ximen Qing and Pan Jinlian, and was convicted and sent to Mengzhou. Mengzhou Xiaoguanying treated Wu Song kindly and asked Wu Song for help in regaining the store in Happy Forest that was occupied by Jiang Menshen. After Wu Song got drunk, he beat Jiang Menshen and took back Happy Forest. Jiang Menshen bribed Zhang Dujian through Zhang Tuanlian, framed Wu Song for stealing treasures, and sentenced Wu Song to serve in the army. Wu Song was taken on the road, broke the shackles at Feiyunpu, killed the four men who wanted to harm him, returned to Mengzhou City, and killed Jiang Menshen, Zhang Tuanlian and Zhang Dujian who were holding a banquet to celebrate the removal of Wu Song. Escape from Mengzhou. On the cross slope, Sun Erniang disguised him as a traveler and asked him to go to Erlong Mountain to join Lu Zhishen. Wu Song met Song Jiang again at Sunjiazhuang in Baihu Mountain. Song Jiang went to join Hua Rong. The two walked together and separated in Ruilong Town. Song Jiang went to Qingfeng Village. There are two Zhizhai in Qingfeng Village. Liu Gao of Zhengzhi is a civil servant. He hates Hua Rong of Deputy Zhizhai. As soon as Song Jiang arrived, he was caught by Liu Gao, who said that Song Jiang was having an affair with the Qingfengshan grass bandits, and Hua Rong was also implicated. After hearing the news, the leaders of Qingfeng Mountain, Yan Shun, Wang Ying and others went down the mountain to rescue Song Jiang and Hua Rong. They all decided to defect to Chao Gai.

As they approached Liangshanbo, Shi Yong brought a letter from Song Jiang's father asking him to return home under the pretense of death. Song Jiang rushed back, but was caught by the government and assassinated in Jiangzhou. In Jiangzhou, Song Jiang was taken care of by Dai Zong and Li Kui. However, because he was drunk and wrote an anti-poetry on the wall of Xunyang Tower, he was sentenced to death by Cai Jiu, the son of Cai Jing, the prefect of Jiangzhou. Just as he was about to be executed, the heroes of Liang Shanbo came and robbed Song Jiang. Afterwards, the 29 heroes gathered at Bailong Temple in Jiangzhou and returned to Liangshanbo in great force. Song Jiang took the second place in the village. Not long after going up the mountain, Song Jiang picked up his old father, and Li Kui also went home to pick up his mother. On the way, he encountered a man named Li Kui who robbed him. After he was caught, he found out that the man's name was Li Gui. He said that he had a 90-year-old mother who had no one to support him, so Li Kui sent her to him. 10 taels of silver to persuade him to change his ways and do good. Later, Li Kui found out that he had been deceived and killed Li Gui, but Li Gui's wife escaped. When he returned home, his mother was blind. Li Kui coaxed his mother and said: I will become an official and take my mother to enjoy her happiness. Carrying my mother on my back, I set out on the road. One day, while traveling to Yiling, Li Kui fetched water for his mother. When he returned, he found that his mother had been eaten by a tiger. Li Kui was so angry that he killed four tigers in a row and was welcomed into Cao Taigong's village by the hunters. At this time, Li Gui's wife, who had fled here, recognized Li Kui. Cao Taigong and others were preparing to plot against Li Kui. Fortunately, Liang Shanbo sent Zhu Gui and others to help, and Li Kui escaped and returned to the village. Yang Xiong, Shi Xiu, and Shi Qian who came to seek refuge in Liangshanbo were bullied by Zhujiazhuang Hotel. The two sides fought and Shi Qian was arrested. In order to save Shi Qian, Chao Gai and Song Jiang sent troops to attack Zhujiazhuang three times and annihilated Zhujiazhuang. The nearby Lijiazhuang and Hujiazhuang, which were allied with Zhujiazhuang, surrendered to Liangshanbo. Liangshan Bo's reputation spread far and wide, and heroes from all over the world flocked to it. Soon, Li Kui came down the mountain to Chai Jinzhuang, and met Chai Jin who had received a letter from his uncle, saying that Yin Tianxi, the uncle-in-law of Gao Qiu's brother Gao Lian, wanted to seize Chai's garden. So Chai Jin and Li Kui rushed to Gaotang Prefecture. Seeing that the garden had been taken away, Li Kui made a big fuss in Gaotang Prefecture and beat Yin Tianxi to death. The prefect Gao Lian ordered troops to arrest Chai Jin, and Chai Jin's uncle's house was ransacked. Li Kui fled back to the mountain village to report the news. Chao Gai ordered Song Jiang to lead 22 leaders to attack Gaotang Prefecture, kill Gao Lian and rescue Chai Jin. The imperial court sent Lieutenant Gao Qiu to suppress the enemy, and Gao Qiu ordered Hu Yanzhuo to attack Liangshanbo. Hu Yanzhuo was severely defeated by Song Jiang's army and fled to Qingzhou, where he also served for the rebel army of Murong Prefecture who attacked Taohua Mountain, Erlong Mountain and Baihu Mountain. Lu Zhishen gathered people from three mountains and went to Liangshanbo to ask for help. Song Jiang led his army and the Sanshan Rebel Army to attack Qingzhou. Hu Yanzhuo surrendered, the prefect Murong was killed, and the leaders of the three mountains defected to Liangshanbo together. Afterwards, Shaohuashan Shijin was captured by the government, and Song Jiang led his troops to cause chaos in Huashan Mountain and killed the prefect. A few days later, the five tigers of the Pu family in Zengtou City, Lingzhou intercepted the hero who had defected to Liangshanbo and slandered Liangshanbo. Chao Gai was furious and personally ordered 5,000 troops to attack Zengtou City. During the battle, Chao Gai was shot by a poisonous arrow and died when he returned to the mountain stronghold. Song Jiang was promoted as the master of the cottage, and the Juyi Hall was renamed the Zhongyi Hall. In order to avenge Chao Gai's death, Song Jiang remembered Lu Junyi, the famous jade unicorn in Beijing. He knew that he was superb in martial arts and had unparalleled sticks in the world. He wanted to invite him to join the gang in the mountains and avenge his death. So Song Jiang sent military adviser Wu Yong to Kyoto, pretending to be a fortune teller to tell Lu Junyi's fortune, saying that Lu Junyi would be dead and dismembered within a hundred days. He deceived Hu Junyi into Liangshan Po, where he was captured by Zhang Shun. Song Jiang persuaded Lu Junyi to join the gang, but Lu Junyi refused. Two months later, Song Jiang sent Lu Junyi down the mountain. After Lu Junyi left home, the housekeeper Li Gu colluded with Lu's wife and committed adultery. When Lu Junyi returned home, they actually set up an ambush and tied Lu Junyi to Liang Zhong's office. Lu Junyi was assassinated and sent to Salmon Island. Lu Junyi's domestic servant Yan Qing killed two anti-sent officials on the way to Salmon Island, and fled to Liangshanbo with Lu Junyi. Lu Junyi was captured again on the way. Yan Qing went to Liangshanbo alone to seek help. On the way, he met Shi Xiu and Yang Lin who were about to defect to Liangshanbo. The three decided to let Shi Xiu go to Beijing to inquire about the news first, while Yan Qing and Shi Xiu went to Liangshanbo to report the news. Shi Xiu arrived in Beijing. After Shi Xiu arrived in Beijing, he found out that Lu Junyi would be beheaded the next day. On the day of execution, Liangshanbo hero Shi Xiu robbed the execution ground and rescued Lu Junyi, but because he was alone and outnumbered, the two were captured. In order to save Lu Junyi and Shi Xiu, Song Jiang sent troops to attack Beijing. Liang Zhongshu asked Grand Master Cai Jing for help. Cai Jing adopted the tomb offered by Guan Sheng to besiege Wei and save Zhao, and led 1,500 troops to attack Liangshanbo. After Song Jiang heard the news, he retreated back to the mountain, captured Guan Sheng with a trick, and defeated the official army. Then Song Jiang appointed Guan Sheng as the vanguard to attack Beijing again. The battle lasted for several months until the Lantern Festival party conquered Beijing the following year. Liang Zhongshu escaped from the south gate, and Lu Junyi and Shi Xiu were rescued. Soon, Cai Jing sent Shan Tinggui and Wei Dingguo to attack Liangshanbo, but they were all defeated. Song Jiang and Lu Junyi led troops to attack Zengtou City, killed the five tigers of the Zeng family, and returned to the mountain to pay homage to Chao Gai's spirit.

Then they took advantage of the victory and captured Dongping and Dongchang prefectures, and the army returned in triumph. At this time, there were exactly 108 leaders, big and small, in Liangshanbo, which combined with the number of demon kings released by Lieutenant Hong back then. Everyone gathered in the Zhongyi Hall, Song Jiang took the first place, and set up an apricot-yellow flag that said, "Walking for Heaven." After the cottage prospered, Song Jiang had the plan to "hope that the King of Heaven would issue an edict and recruit people early", but Lin Chong, Wu Song, Li Kui, and Lu Zhishen were all firmly opposed. At the end of the year, Song Jiang was going to Tokyo to watch the lights of next year's Lantern Festival. Chai Jin and Li Kui accompanied Song Jiang to Tokyo. By chance, Song Jiang entered Li Shishi's residence, and Emperor Huizong was also present. Just when Song Jiang was about to ask Huizong for an imperial edict, Li Kui beat people outside and set fire to them, causing chaos in the city. Song Jiang and three others escaped. When Li Kui went to Jingmen Town alone to stay, he heard that the owner of the village, Liu Taigong, said that Song Jiang had robbed her daughter and went up the mountain. Li Kui was extremely angry and ran back to Liangshanbo. He cut down the Xinghuang flag and wanted to accuse Song Jiang. Later, after cross-examination, it was found that the bad things were done by the Niutoushan bandits under their false names. Li Kui went to Niutoushan to plead guilty, killed the culprits, and rescued Taigong Liu's daughter. The growth of Liang Shanbo shocked the government and the public. Huizong sent Chen Shanbao, the grand lieutenant in front of the palace, to recruit troops. Gao Qiu, the grand master, and Cai Jing, the grand master, each sent new soldiers to follow Chen Shan to Liangshan. Because he was so domineering, Li Kui took the imperial edict and tore it into pieces. The recruitment failed. The imperial court also sent Tong Guan to attack Liangshanbo. The mountain village was ambushed from all sides and thwarted Tong Guan's two attacks. Tong Guan fled back to Tokyo, and Gao Qiu dispatched ten troops to attack Liangshanbo. Song Jiang defeated Gao Qiu three times and captured him alive on the mountain. He treated him with courtesy and asked Gao Qiu to convey his desire to the court to recruit him. After Gao Qiu left, Song Jiang sent Yan Qing to Tokyo. Yan Qing obtained Huizong's edict through Li Shishi. Within a few days, Su Yuanjing, the Taiwei in front of the palace, came up the mountain to read out the edict. Song Jiang led all the heroes to accept the recruitment, and under the guise of The "Shuntian" and "Guoguo" flags went to Tokyo to be inspected by Huizong. After the Liangshan Boyi Army accepted the recruitment, they were invaded by Liao soldiers, and Song Jiang was ordered to break up the Liao army. So the army marched north, captured Tanzhou, recaptured Jizhou, outsmarted Bazhou, occupied Youzhou, surrounded Yanjing, and the Lord of Liao surrendered. Song Jiang's squadron returned to China and, in accordance with Hui's purpose, returned the captured prefectures and counties to Liao State. Returning to the capital, Huizong issued an edict, ordering Song Jiang to pacify Wang Qing in Huaixi, and then transferred him to pacify Tian Hu in Hebei and La in Jiangnan. In the process of pacifying Fang La's army, the rebels suffered heavy losses. Although Fang La was finally captured and their victory was successful, 72 heroes were killed in the battle. On the way back to the army, Lu Zhishen died in Liuhe Temple in Hangzhou (the monk died peacefully while sitting cross-legged in meditation). The disabled Wu Song did not want to return to Beijing, so he became a monk here. After leaving Hangzhou, Lin Chong became paralyzed, Yang Xiong, Shi Qian, and Yang Zhi died of illness, and Yan Qing left quietly. When they arrived in Suzhou, Li Jun, Tong Wei, and Tong Meng left again. When the army returned to Beijing and stationed at Chenqiaoyi, there were only more than 20 leaders left. After the four treacherous ministers Cai Jing, Tong Guan, Gao Qiu, and Yang Jian waited for Song Jiang and others to be appointed officials, they designed mercury to kill Lu Junyi, and mixed poison into the royal wine medicine to kill Song Jiang and Li Kui. In this way, a vigorous peasant uprising ended in tragedy.

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