Historical evolution of post-Li era

1407, China destroyed the Hu of the Ming Dynasty in Vietnam and annexed Vietnam. There were many acts of disturbing the people in Vietnam in the Ming Dynasty, coupled with Vietnamese nationalism, which made anti-Ming conflicts continue. 14 18, Li Li rebelled against the Ming Dynasty in the Blue Mountains, calling himself "Ping Wang". Li Li took the advice of Captain Li Zhi, first occupied central Vietnam in 1424, and then occupied Du Dong (now Hanoi). Li Jue expelled the Ming Dynasty from Vietnam in 1427 (the second year of Ming Xuande). The Ming Dynasty abandoned its direct jurisdiction over Vietnam and renamed Chen Song, the puppet monarch established by Li Jue in 1426, as King Annan. After Li Jue expelled the Ming army, it was bad for Chen Song. There are different opinions about the cause of Chen Song's death. He said that he was caught by the court when he fled, drank poison and died. One said that he was "latent dead"; One said he was chased by Li Li when he ran away.

After defeating the occupying forces of Ming Dynasty in China, Li Jue published Wu Ping Huang Da, which declared the rationality of expelling Ming people, reviving national achievements and establishing political power. 1428 (the first year of Shuntian), Li Jue proclaimed himself emperor, which was after Li Taizu (1428─ 1433 reigned), with the title of "Da Yue" and after the establishment of the Li Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty also conferred the title of Li Jue and recognized his political power. The two countries made an example of Li Li paying tribute to the Ming Dynasty for three years. The Ming dynasty did not interfere in Vietnam's internal affairs and maintained reconciliation. Li Jue devoted himself to rebuilding the national structure, setting up imperial examinations to select officials, inviting famous teachers to carry forward Confucianism, making laws with reference to the criminal law of the Tang Dynasty, dividing the whole country into five roads for governance, distributing land to ministers who were old, weak and widowed, reducing the number of defenders in the eastern capital (that is, Hanoi) and repatriating them to agriculture. But Li Li is suspicious and kills heroes.

1428, after the Li Dynasty in Li Jianli, the capital of the Li Dynasty was Tokyo (now Hanoi), after Li Taizu. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, the Ming Dynasty refused to recognize his status and demanded that the descendants of Chen Dynasty be King Annan. 143 1 year, after Li Li showed that the descendants of the imperial clan of Chen Dynasty could not be found anywhere, the Ming Dynasty compromised and made Li Li king of Annan. After Li Jue's death, Gigi Lai Long Yuan (1433 ~ 1442 reigned) succeeded to the throne when he was only ten years old and assisted Richard. 1438, Richard was executed for abusing his power. Li Yuanlong's queen was Yang Benben, and one of his sons, LêNghiDan, was named Crown Prince. After Yang Benben was abolished, LêNghiDan was also demoted to the Langzi King, which buried the reason why LêNghiDan later launched a mutiny to kill Li Renzong. Li Yuanlong likes women. 1442, she forced Ruan Shilu, a maid who served Ruan Jian, to accompany her. Soon, Li Yuanlong died suddenly, and Ruan Jian's family was also implicated.

After Li Yuanlong's death, his son Li Bangji (1442 ~ 1459) succeeded to the throne. At that time, he was only two years old. Ruan Shiying, the queen mother of his mother Xuan Ci, was the Regent, while Ruan Shiying and Minister Zheng Ke were in charge of state affairs. nh Kh？ /Zheng Ke? ) hold. Early Vietnam was relatively peaceful and prosperous, expanding and occupying cities. 145 1 year, Ruan Shiying killed Zheng Ke, but when Renzong came to power in 1453, he pardoned Zheng Ke and gave his family official land. Renzong was only twelve years old when he nominally came to power, and Ruan Shiying was still in power. 1459, Li Yimin, king of lang son, launched a mutiny into the palace and killed Injong. In order to avoid being captured or killed by the rebels, Ruan Shiying made a servant commit suicide.

1459, LêNghiDan, Injong's younger brother, launched a mutiny, killed Injong and proclaimed himself emperor. Soon, ministers Ruanchi and Ding Lie killed LêNghiDan and made Li Si, the fourth son of Emperor Taizong, emperor. LêNghiDan has only been in power for nine months.

Li Sicheng (1460- 1497 reigned) was a man deeply influenced by Confucianism. After he ascended the throne, he took China's Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty as a sample and changed Vietnam. He believes that government affairs should be handled by people with moral qualities, not people from wealthy families. At that time, the imperial examinations in Vietnam were only held intermittently. In order to let more people outside the giants enter the official position, Shengzong restarted the imperial examination system. Three cases also conducted a census in various places, set up Confucius temples in various provinces to respect Confucianism, stopped building new Buddhist and Taoist temples, and restricted monks from buying new land.

At this time, Vietnam's military strength was in full swing, and it invaded the north and fought pirates, losing power and seizing the city. 147 1 year, Vietnam occupied Vijaya, the capital of the occupied city, captured the king of the occupied city, Baan La Tra Thon or Bao Kuba, and the people of the occupied city immigrated to Cambodia and Malacca in large numbers. Since then, Amarawati in the north and Pierre in the middle of the occupied city were occupied by Vietnam, and only Panduranga in the south remained partially independent and became a protectorate of Vietnam. 1479, Vietnam attacked Nanzhang (Lancang, now Laos). Vietnam captured Luang Prabang, the capital of Nanzhang (Zhenning Prefecture is located in Man Pen area), which made Nanzhang pay tribute to Vietnam. The defeat of occupying the city enabled Vietnam to expand rapidly to the south, and Vietnam allowed soldiers and farmers to cultivate fields in these newly conquered lands.

Shengzong promulgated a new law, Hunde Criminal Law (1483). Sheng zong ordered Wu Shilian's "The Complete Book of Dashiyue Collection" to become the official history. Shengzong himself also likes poetry books, and there is "Nine Songs and Qiongyuan" in the palace, which is often sung with literati. Shengzong is good at writing in southern characters and also good at Chinese. I have also written many works.

After Li Sicheng's death, his son Li Long (reigned from 1497 to 1504) succeeded to the throne. Xianzong was a monarch who kept his word, and his politics was as good as that of Taizu and Xianzong. At this time, Vietnam is in a period of peace. After Xianzong's death, his son Li Jingfu succeeded to the throne, and he was in office for only half a year. After Su Zong's death, his brother Li Zhuo (1505 ~ 1509 reigned) succeeded to the throne. Li Zhuo's debauchery, tyranny and cruelty to his people turned many people against him. Li Zhuo hired a group of guards to protect himself, one of whom was Mo Dengyong who later usurped the throne and established the Mo Dynasty. M?c· Tai T and Li Zhuo became very close, rose to the position of commander and special envoy of Tianwuwei, and began to be in power in Li Zhuo. Wei's cousin Jian Fang was bribed by Wei to escape from prison, and then sent troops to crusade against Wei with other ministers. There are different opinions about the cause of Li Zhuo's death. There are two viewpoints in Historical Records of Da Yue. One said that he committed suicide by drinking after being captured by Liu Yun, and the other said that he was killed while fleeing. The second story of the Ming Dynasty said that Ruan Zhong forced Li Zhuo to commit suicide, and made his younger brother Ruan Bosheng emperor, Li Guangzhu Ruan Bosheng, and then made Li Yun emperor.

After Li Gang's accession to the throne, after several civil strife, he loved to build large buildings, and the people were miserable and the foot soldiers were tired. Hao Chen 15 16(Tr? North Carolina? O) rebellion, minister political power? (Tr？ nh Duy S？ N) took the opportunity to kill the emperor. Li Kan was in office for 1509 to 15 16 years. 1592, Zheng Song, the general in the last years of the Li Dynasty, defeated Beimo, and the Li Dynasty returned to Shenglong. At this time, Zheng Songquan was in hot demand, and he was appointed as "the viceroy, the country manager and the king of peace". He has the power to appoint and remove officials, collect taxes, receive salaries and govern the people. His status is hereditary, so he is called "Lord Zheng". Li Di was only responsible for listening to politics and receiving envoys in recent dynasties. Later historians described this situation as "Li Wei was the emperor and Zheng Wei was the government". Southern Vietnam is controlled by the Nguyen family. As early as during the confrontation between Li Jue and the North, Ruan Huang, the son of Ruan Gan, the minister of the Li Dynasty, asked him to leave Hue. At that time, it was 1558 (God bless for two years). Ruangan actively managed in Hue, won the hearts of the people, and later developed into a "Ruanzhu" regime. Later, during the period from 1593 to 1600 (from the 16th year of Guangxing to the first year of Hongding), Ruan Huang helped Zheng Song to wipe out the Mohist forces, but he was still terrified by Zheng Song. North Korean officials invaded Zheng Song one after another. Ruan Huang lied that Zheng Song was helping thieves, took the opportunity to return to Hue, and sent troops to defend Guangnan and control the south. Ruan Huang married her daughter to her son and formed in-laws to seek reconciliation, but the opposition between Zheng and Ruan has been formed.

Zheng Ruan and Ruan fought seven battles from 1627 to 1672. The first time (1627, nine years for Yongzuo), the second time (1630 ── 1633, two to five years for Delong) and the third time (1635 ── 1643). Later, Lord Ruan launched the fifth engagement (1655─ 1660) to counter Zheng Guzhu. Ruan Jun once captured Qihua, Shihe and other seven counties south of Lancang River, and Zheng Gen, the general of Zheng, fought hard to recover the lost land. In the sixth battle (166 1─ 1662), Zheng Zhu went south with the emperor Li, but failed to win and returned with all the food. In the seventh battle (1672), Zheng Zhu led Li Jiazong south again, but he never defeated Ruan. In the end, the two sides delineated? Jiang (now contending for Jiang) is the boundary, and all sides of Zheng Ruan are determined, which is called "natural north and south."

Zhengzhu in the north and Ruanzhu in the south are both committed to managing their own separatist regions. In order to stabilize the source of troops, Zheng Zhu adopted "elite soldiers" and "one soldier system" to adjust troops to defend the capital, promote dragons and towns respectively, which is an important cornerstone of Zheng. In terms of official system and criminal law, it was adjusted according to the post-Li Dynasty system. In education, Confucianism is still emphasized, the imperial examination rules are redefined and "martial arts" are set up. Economically, it was revised according to the tenancy adjustment law of the Tang Dynasty, and a variety of taxes were set up to mine minerals and coin, and unified measurement was made. Zheng wiped out the separatist forces in the north. 1677 (the third year of Yongzheng), the separatist of Gaoping did not participate in the anti-Qing movement in Wu Sangui, Yunnan, and Zheng took advantage of the situation to attack Gaoping. At the same time, Xuanguang was responsible for the uprising against Wu Gongjun. "People on one side are excited." 1689 (the tenth year of Zheng He), with the assistance of the governor of Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty, Zheng captured Wu. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, there were many anti-Zheng incidents in the north, including imperial families, courtiers and farmers in the post-Li dynasty, but they were all suppressed by Zheng Zhu. Externally, Zheng Zhu established a vassal relationship with the Qing Dynasty, replacing the Ming Dynasty. In A.D. 1660, the two sides began to send envoys to each other. Zheng Zhu sent envoys to the Qing Dynasty to pay tribute, and the Qing court conferred Li Guojun as "King Annan". After that, the two sides continued to get along well. Emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty successively presented Li's court with inscriptions such as "Loyalty and Filial Piety to Protect the Family", "Japan's South China is the World" and "South China's Pinghan" to show their importance to Vietnam relations.

Nan Ruan created his own ruling structure. Its political power includes "three divisions" (differential division, general lawsuit and historical division) and magistrate; Ruan set up the imperial examination and presided over it personally; Establish armed forces, rectify the army, and set up artillery foundries, shooting ranges and other structures; Establish taxes, mining taxes, import and export taxes, etc. Maintain Ruan's main finance. Externally, Ruan regime expanded in Indo-China Peninsula, 1697 (in the 18th year of Zheng He and the 7th year of Ruan Fu), and took a little land left by the people, set up Pingshun House, and the city-state perished. 1698 (in the 19th year of Zheng He and the 8th year of Ruan Futong), General Ruan Youjing seized the Mekong River Delta under the jurisdiction of the Khmer (also known as Khmer, Khmer, Khmer), established Jiading as the ruling place, and Saigon (also known as Chai Gun, now Ho Chi Minh City) and other places entered Vietnam. 1708 (the tenth year of Yongsheng and the eighteenth year of Ruan Futong), the leader of the Khmer state and county (also known as Hexian, now Jianjiang Province) surrendered to Ruan Zhu. In addition, in 1702 (the 23rd year of Zhenghe and the 12th year of Ruan Futong), Ruan Zhu sent an envoy to Guangdong to request conferring the Qing Dynasty, but it failed. Catholic Jesuit missionaries went to Vietnam for about 200 years from the beginning of the 7th century A.D./KLOC-0, with Alexandre Rhodes as the representative. Missionaries used Roman characters to make and use Vietnamese national characters, which is an important writing system in Vietnam in the future. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/7th century, European Catholics were there? Xi 'an (impromptu Ancheng), Hui 'an and other places traded and preached, but both Zheng Zhu and Ruan Zhu resisted missionary activities. At the same time, due to Ding Ge in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of China immigrants flooded into Vietnam. In his area, Zheng Zhu asked China immigrants to abide by Vietnamese laws and customs and not to change their residence at will. In the south, Ruan Zhu is more relaxed, allowing immigrants to live, do business and enjoy autonomy, so Hue and Hoi An have "Ming Township Society".

Ruan Ji's political corruption in the south in the second half of the18th century. 177 1 year (thirty-two years of Li Jingxing and seven years of the French king), Ruan Yue, Ruan Lu and his brothers revolted in Xishan Town of Guiren (known as Xishan Uprising in history), which hit the Ruan regime. Xishan Ruan joined in 1776 (in the thirty-seventh year of Jingxing and the twelfth year of PHC), and the following year (in the thirty-eighth year of Jingxing 1777), he killed the King PHC of Ruan Tai and the King PHC of the New Deal, subverting Ruan's regime, and in 1778 (at this time, the Zheng regime in the north also showed signs of decline. " Zheng Jiezhi committed suicide, and Shenglong fell into Ruan's control in Xishan. Zhuo Zhen succeeded to the throne as the last ruler of Zheng, but he fell in love with Emperor Li Zhao (reigned 1787─ 1789), and fled after only one year in office, and the regime of Zheng ended. The restoration of Emperor Zhaotong failed, and he fled to China in 1789 (the third year of Zhaotong), after which the Li Dynasty perished.