Reading selected classical Chinese texts from Zuo Zhuan

1. Extracurricular classical Chinese reading The answers to Yan Zi’s clever advice are selected from "Zuo Zhuan·The Third Year of Zhao Gong"

Yan Zi advised to kill Zhu Zou Jinggong Haoyi, making Zhu Zou master the bird, and died Of. The public was angry and ordered the officials to kill him. Yanzi said: "Zhu Zou is guilty of three crimes. Please count them and kill them for their crimes." The Duke said: "Yes." So he called the Duke to count him and said: "Zhu Zou! You will die for my lord. This is the first crime; it is the second crime to cause my lord to kill people because of birds; it is the third crime to cause the princes to hear about it and think that my lord favors birds and despises men. "The sin of Zhuzhu Zou has been completed. Please kill him. The duke said: "Don't kill, I have heard the order."

Notes: ① Qi Jinggong, surnamed Jiang and given name Chujiu, was the king of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. ② Zhu Zou, a servant of Qi Jinggong. ③弋(yì): tie the rope to the arrow and shoot.

Qi Jinggong liked to shoot birds and used Zhu Zou to control the birds, but the birds ran away. Jinggong was furious and ordered the officials to kill him. Yanzi said: "Zhu Zou has three crimes. I would like to list his crimes and then kill him." Jinggong said: "Yes." So he summoned Zhuzou and listed all these sins in front of Duke Jing. Yanzi said: "Zhuzou, you were in charge of the birds and lost them for the king. This is the first sin. Making our king kill people because of the lost birds is the first sin." The second crime: Let the princes know about this and think that our king values ??birds and despises scholars. This is the third crime." After listing Zhu Zou's crimes, Yanzi asked for instructions to kill Zhu Zou. Jinggong said: "Don't kill me. I understand your advice." 2. Famous ancient articles from "Zuo Zhuan"

The article "Zuo Zhuan" included in "Gu Wen Guan Zhi" *** 18 articles, these are all outstanding representative works in "Zuo Zhuan", such as "Zheng Bo's Duan Yu Yan", "Zhou Zheng's Conversation", "Zang Xi Bo Admonishes Guan Yu", "Cao GUI's Debate", "Jie Zhidui Bu Yan Lu" , "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Master" and so on.

1. "Zheng Beke Duan Yu Yan"

It mainly tells the story of Zheng Zhuanggong and his younger brother Uncle *** in the first year of Lu Yin (722 BC) A life-and-death struggle between paragraphs to seize the throne of the king. The language of the full text is vivid and concise, the characters are full of characters, and the plot is rich and tortuous. It is a historical prose with a rich literary color.

2. "The Conversation between Zhou and Zheng"

It tells that after the fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the princes welcomed the emperor and moved eastward. After King Ping of Zhou moved eastward, Zheng State actively served the Zhou royal family. In the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty, He established a good monarch-minister relationship with the Emperor of Zhou, but because King Zhou Ping later favored others, the relationship between the Zhou royal family and the state of Zheng began to deteriorate, so that later Zheng Zhuanggong and King Ping of Zhou exchanged hostages. This prose is full of quotations from classics, and its diction is both horizontal and elegant.

3. "Zang Xibo Admonished to Watch Fishing"

It narrates that Zang Xibo used the etiquette of the society at that time to dissuade Duke Yin of Lu from going to Tangdi to watch fishing, which reflects the "etiquette" at that time. "The idea of ??control is that the king cannot treat fun and leisure as a trivial matter. Therefore, Zang Xibo believed that every move of the monarch was related to the country's "politics", so he tried his best to dissuade Duke Lu Xi from "watching fish". This prose is short and concise, and the reasoning is advanced layer by layer. It is straightforward and cannot be argued.

4. "Cao GUI's Debate on the War"

It tells about Cao GUI's comments on the war during the Battle of Changshao, and his use of "one big move at a time and then another decline" during the war. The historical facts of defeating the powerful Qi army based on the principle of "three and all". The article explains how to correctly apply the principle of strategic defense in war - only by "gaining the trust of the people", implementing the correct policy of "attacking when the enemy is tired", and choosing favorable opportunities for counterattack and pursuit can we defeat the strong with the small and the weak. .

5. "Jie Zhidui Don't Talk About Remuneration"

The article talks about Jie Zhidui following Jin Wen Gong in exile and returning to China. Jin Wen Gong rewarded the meritorious officials, but he was the only one left out. He did not He praised his merits and did not ask for rewards, but instead lived in seclusion in the mountains with his old mother, and finally died.

6. "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Army"

It tells that in 630 BC, Qin and Jin jointly attacked Zheng State on the pretext that Zheng State had been rude to Jin Wengong and was close to Chu State. In the face of danger for his own country (Zheng State), Zhu Zhiwu went to the enemy country to negotiate. In front of the powerful Qin, he was neither humble nor arrogant, and was eloquent, and finally made Qin withdraw its troops from Zheng State.

Extended information:

The literary achievements of Zuo Zhuan

Judging from the evolution of ancient Chinese literature, "Zuo Zhuan" is also unique in the field of history books and important historical position.

Generally speaking, the main performances are as follows:

1. "Zuo Zhuan" shows an important leap from simply recording history to focusing on tailoring historical materials, being good at planning chapters, and being good at telling stories. It is unprecedented. It eye-catchingly increases the image and vividness of the narrative (particularly the narration of some wars is the most distinctive), thereby reflecting the significant accumulation of literary elements in early history books. In the history of pre-Qin literature, the emergence of "Zuo Zhuan" heralded that the development of prose was facing a broader world.

2. In the process of telling the story, "Zuo Zhuan" for the first time shows a group of historical figures with their own experiences and different personalities. Although this is not entirely intentional, there are also exaggerations and exaggerations from time to time. His writing objectively accumulated valuable experience in image creation, and provided rare inspiration and important reference for the subsequent emergence of biographical literature and historical novels.

3. The language of "Zuo Zhuan" is concise and accurate, vivid and expressive, pays attention to detailed description, is good at using metaphors, has achieved high achievements, and is often regarded as a certain standard by future generations; its characteristics The unique literary color and literary value are also rare in previous narrative texts.

4. Overall, "Zuo Zhuan" has profound thoughts, simple writing style, wonderful and diverse narratives and descriptions, leaving behind many excellent works that have been passed down for a long time, many of which have become Later generations called him a model of literature. In the early Qing Dynasty, Wu Chucai and Wu Tiaohou compiled and selected outstanding ancient texts from all dynasties that could be called "Guan Zhi". This can be seen from the fact that they collected as many as thirty-three chapters (sections) of "Zuo Zhuan".

In addition, the rich content and colorful historical stories of "Zuo Zhuan" have also been used as an important creative material for future generations' novels and operas. This is also an important step in the development history of ancient Chinese literature. Not common.