Nanjing Zhanyuan: Visit the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum

Next to the Confucius Temple scenic spot in Qinhuai District, Nanjing, there is a classical garden with the longest history in Ming Dynasty. Its name is Zhanyuan. This is the residence of Xu Da, the founding hero of the Ming Dynasty, and the office of political envoys from all walks of life in the south of the Yangtze River in the Qing Dynasty. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, it belonged to Dongwangyang. On May 25th, 2006, Zhanyuan was announced as the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units-

2019165438+1On the afternoon of October 29th, my colleagues and I came to Nanjing and stayed in a hotel next to the Confucius Temple. The next morning, I went out for a walk alone, passed by the entrance of the exhibition park and took out my work permit, so I could enter for free.

At present, Zhanyuan has been transformed into the only Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum in China, which belongs to one of the "Seven Museums and Two Museums" under the jurisdiction of Nanjing Natural Museum, and the plaque of "Jinling First Garden" is hung at the south gate. Walk into the gate and pass through the instrument gate, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Exhibition is in the three halls facing you.

1950 65438+ In February, historian Luo Ergang and others began to build the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Museum. 1 95610 June1day, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Memorial Hall was established in Tangzi Street. 1May, 958, moved to Zhan Garden and changed its name to Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum.

The historical exhibition of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom here introduces the whole process of the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in detail, which is divided into historical background, jintian uprising, Tianjing as its capital, institutional policies, persistent struggle, resistance to aggression, defending Tianjing and successors. In 2000, this exhibition was rated as "Top Ten Excellent Exhibitions in China".

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum is the museum with the largest collection of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom cultural relics and the richest historical materials in China. Since its establishment, all kinds of cultural relics and historical materials related to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom have been widely collected throughout the country.

In the most conspicuous place in the exhibition hall, there is a Tuanlong mandarin jacket, which is the official uniform worn by senior officials of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Yellow satin texture, short-sleeved fat coat, embroidered with four dragons, and decorative patterns such as peony, bat and floating seawater. 1864, Xi Baotian, an official of the Qing Dynasty, captured the young king Tianguifu Hong in Jiangxi, which was regarded as a treasure and passed on to later generations. After liberation, Xi Baotian's descendants donated it to the museum.

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, as the largest, longest and most far-reaching peasant uprising in China's modern history, lasted 18 years and swept over most of China. It not only shook the ruling foundation of the Qing Dynasty, but also greatly promoted the historical process of China's modernization.

From the end of 1850 to the beginning of 185 1 0, organizations such as Hong Xiuquan, Yang, Xiao Chaogui, Feng Yunshan, Wei Changhui and Shi Dakai launched an anti-Qing armed uprising in Jintian Village, Guangxi. At first, they took "Taiping" as the name, and later established "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom", which was established in Yong 'an Prefecture of Guangxi, forming the initial official system, ritual system and military system.

Rebel clothes

Rebel weapons

1853 65438+1October 12. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom troops conquered Wuchang, and Hubei Governor Chang Dachun committed suicide; 1853 March 19, Nanjing was captured by Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and Lu Jianying, Governor of Liangjiang, was killed.

1On March 29th, 853, Hong Xiuquan settled in Nanjing, where he officially established his capital and renamed it "Tianjing". Hong Xiuquan temporarily lived in Fan's official residence, repaired the governor's yamen of Liangjiang, converted it into "Tiangong", and formally established the peasant regime of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to confront the Qing Dynasty.

Taiping Army conquered Nanjing City.

Peacekeeper's mandarin duck knife.

Today, the Tianwangfu site is located in the presidential palace in Nanjing, and there are architectural relics such as the West Garden, the main hall, the warm ditch and the main hall. At that time, it was the political center of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, with a large scale and a circumference of more than ten miles. There were two city walls, each of which was more than twenty feet high.

The Temple of Heaven, modeled after the Forbidden City, consists of an outer city and an inner city, which are named "Sun City" and "Golden Dragon City" respectively. There is an imperial ditch in front of the main entrance of Sun City, two feet wide, with a bridge on it, and a stone archway engraved with the word "Zhong" at the southern end; Jinlong City is built along the center line, with three-story courtyards on both sides, the Golden Dragon Hall in front and the gardens with two halls and three halls behind.

Tianwangfu restoration model

Taiping heavenly kingdom new year pictures

After the capital was Tianjing, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom gradually reached its peak and promulgated the "celestial system", which played a positive role in consolidating the political power. It established the principle that "all fields in the world are cultivated by all people in the world", guaranteed farmers' right to use the land, and attacked the feudal land system. Therefore, with the support of most farmers, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement has been vigorously promoted.

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom forbids the sale of marriage and protects the families of most people. In addition, an administrative system has been established below the county level, stipulating that surplus grain and surplus grain should be turned over to the "state treasury". After deducting rations from the harvest of each agricultural sideline, the rest will be sent to the "national treasury" and then distributed according to regulations.

1859, The New Chapter of Senior Minister compiled by Hong Rengan came out, which criticized and reformed the bad habits of the Qing Dynasty and put forward new views on the system of employing people, criminal law and economy in the country. It became the first book to learn from capitalist countries and the first program of China's modernization.

The currency of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

Imperial edict of Taiping heavenly kingdom

People erected a monument to the Taiping Army.

Wall poems written by Taiping Army

In the early days of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the strategist was in charge of state affairs, and Hong Xiuquan retired behind the scenes, and the power fell to Wang Yang of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. 1856, someone tipped off the heavenly king, Yang attempted rebellion, and Hong Xiuquan ordered Wei Changhui and Shi Dakai to deal with Yang.

Wei Changhui immediately led his troops back to Tianjing, killed Yang and his family and carried out a massacre in Tianjing. The brutal behavior aroused the soldiers' anger, and Hong Xiuquan executed Wei Changhui and more than 200 of his confidants at the beginning of 165438 10. Soon, Shi Dakai returned to Tianjing, and Hong Xiuquan was suspicious of him, making his younger brother king and containing Shi Dakai everywhere. 1June, 857, Shi Dakai led the troops to leave. Since then, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom has been greatly weakened, from prosperity to decline.

1 June, 8641day, Tianwang Hong Xiuquan died of illness. On July 19, 2009, the Xiang army dug a tunnel and collapsed the wall of the emergency gate by more than 20 feet, swarming in, and Tianjing fell. The Taiping Army sacrificed its life to resist, launched a tragic street battle, and fought fiercely for more than three hours, and finally ended in failure.

Tianjing incident

The fall of Tianjin