Political problems. Help me.

January 19, 26 Source: China Net

In our country, on the night of the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, the weather is warm and the plants are fragrant. This is commonly known as Chinese Valentine's Day, and some people call it "Begging for Clever Skills Festival" or "Daughter's Day", which is the most romantic festival among the traditional festivals in China, and it is also the most important day for girls in the past.

On a clear summer and autumn night, the stars are shining in the sky. A vast white galaxy runs across the north and south. On the east and west banks of the river, there is a shining star, facing each other across the river, which is Altair and Vega.

It is a folk custom to sit and watch the Petunia and the Weaver Girl on Tanabata. According to legend, this night every year is the time when the Weaver Girl in the sky and the Cowherd meet at the Magpie Bridge. The Weaver Girl is a beautiful, intelligent and ingenious fairy. On this night, ordinary women ask her for wisdom and skillful skills, and they also ask her for a happy marriage. Therefore, the seventh day of July is also called the Begging Festival.

It is said that on the night of Tanabata, people can look up and see the meeting of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in the Milky Way, or they can overhear the love story when they meet in the sky under the melon and fruit shelf.

On this romantic night, girls put seasonal fruits and vegetables in front of the bright moon in the sky, and worship in the sky, begging the goddess in the sky to give them intelligent hearts and dexterous hands, so that they can master their needlework skills, and even more, they beg for the marriage of love and marriage. In the past, marriage was a lifelong event for women to decide whether they would be happy or not. Therefore, countless sentient men and women in the world would pray for a happy marriage against the starry sky at this quiet night.

the origin and legend of tanabata

tanabata begging for cleverness, this festival originated in the Han dynasty. In the Miscellanies of Xijing written by Ge Hong in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it is recorded that "women in the Han Dynasty often wear a seven-hole needle on the seventh day of July in Kaijin Building, and everyone is Xi Zhi", which is the earliest record of begging for cleverness that we have seen in ancient literature. In later Tang and Song poems, women's begging for cleverness was repeatedly mentioned. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Jian wrote a poem that "the stars are shining with pearls, and the palace moths are busy with begging for cleverness". According to "The Legacy of Kaiyuan Tianbao", every time Emperor Taizong and his concubines had a banquet in the Qing Palace on Tanabata, the ladies-in-waiting begged for their own ingenuity. This custom was also enduring among the people and continued from generation to generation.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Qiaqiao was quite grand, and there was also a market in Beijing that monopolized Qiaqiao articles, which was called Qiaqiao City by the world. Song Luoye and Jin Ying's series "Talk about Drunken Weng" said: "On Tanabata, Panlou bought and sold gimmicks. From July 1 ST, the horses and chariots swallowed, and three days before the Qixi Festival, the horses and chariots were not allowed to pass, and they stopped again and again, and they did not get it until the night. " Here, we can infer the lively scene of Qiqiao Festival at that time from the grand occasion of buying Qiqiao objects from Qiqiao City. People began to set up articles for begging for cleverness from the first day of July, and the market for begging for cleverness was full of traffic and people. By the time of Tanabata, the market for begging for cleverness had become a sea of people, and it seemed as if it was the biggest festival-Spring Festival, which showed that the festival for begging for cleverness was one of the favorite festivals of the ancients.

The Legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl

Chinese Valentine's Day has always been connected with the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. This is a beautiful love story that has been passed down through the ages and has become one of the four major folk love legends in China.

According to legend, a long time ago, there was a clever and honest young man in Niujiazhuang, west of Nanyang City. His parents died early, so he had to live with his brother and sister-in-law. His sister-in-law Ma Shi was vicious and often abused him, forcing him to do a lot of work. One autumn, his sister-in-law forced him to herd cattle and gave him nine cows, but he didn't go home until he had ten cows. The Cowherd had no choice but to drive them out of the village.

Cowherd drove the cows into the mountain alone. On the mountain with deep grass and dense forests, he sat under the tree and was sad. He didn't know when he could drive ten cows home. At this time, an old man with white hair and beard appeared in front of him and asked him why he was sad. When he learned what had happened to him, he smiled and said to him, "Don't be sad. There is a sick old cow in Funiu Mountain. You should feed it well until the old cow gets sick."

Cowherd walked a long way over mountains and mountains, and finally found the sick old cow. Seeing that the old cow was seriously ill, he went to fetch bundles of grass for the old cow. After feeding it for three days, the old cow looked up and told him that he was a big fairy in the sky, but he was sent down to the sky because he broke the rules of heaven, and broke his leg and could not move. His injury needs to be washed with dew of flowers for a month. Cowherd took care of old Niu Yi carefully for a month, collecting flowers for the old cow during the day and sleeping next to the old man at night. When the old cow recovered, Cowherd happily drove ten cows home.

After returning home, my sister-in-law was still unkind to him. She harmed him several times and was rescued by the old cow. My sister-in-law finally became angry and drove the cowherd out of the house, and the cowherd only wanted the old cow to accompany him.

One day, the Weaver Girl in the sky played games with the fairies and took a bath in the river. With the help of the old cow, the Cowherd got to know the Weaver Girl, and they had mutual affection. Later, the Weaver Girl secretly came to earth and became the wife of the Cowherd. The Weaver Girl also distributed the wild silkworms brought from the sky to everyone, and taught everyone to raise silkworms, spin silks and weave bright silks and satins.

After the marriage of Cowherd and Weaver Girl, men plowed and women wove, and they had a boy, a girl and two children, and the family lived happily. But the good times didn't last long, and it soon made the Emperor of Heaven know that the heavenly queen herself came down to earth and forcibly brought the Weaver Girl back to heaven, and the loving couple were separated.

Cowherd has no way to heaven, or the old cow told Cowherd that after his death, he could make shoes out of his skin and wear them to heaven. Cowherd did as the old cow said, put on shoes made of cowhide, and took his children with him. When he saw that he was about to catch up, I'm afraid the Queen Mother pulled out the golden hairpin on her head, and a choppy Tianhe appeared. Cowherd and Weaver were separated on both sides, and they could only cry relatively. Their loyal love touched the magpies, and thousands of magpies flew in to build a magpie bridge, so that the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl could meet on the magpie bridge. The Queen Mother had no choice but to allow them to meet on July 7 every year.

Later, on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, it is said that the cowherd and the weaver girl meet at the Magpie Bridge, the girls will come to the flowers and the moon, look up at the stars and look for the cowherd and the weaver girl on both sides of the Milky Way, hoping to see their annual meeting, begging God to be as ingenious as the weaver girl and praying for a happy marriage, thus forming Chinese Valentine's Day.

The custom of begging for cleverness on Qixi Festival

The most common custom in Chinese Valentine's Day is all kinds of begging for cleverness activities carried out by women on the night of the seventh day of July.

Most of the ways of begging for cleverness are that girls try their best with needles, make small items and put some melons and fruits to beg for cleverness. The ways of begging for cleverness in different regions are different and have their own interests.

Begging for cleverness in Jinan, Huimin, Gaoqing and other places in Shandong Province is very simple, just displaying melons and fruits to beg for cleverness. If a spider spins a web on melons and fruits, it means begging for cleverness. However, in Juancheng, Caoxian, Pingyuan and other places, the custom of eating clever rice and begging for cleverness is very interesting: seven good girls collect food and vegetables, jiaozi, and wrap a copper coin, a needle and a red date into three dumplings respectively. After begging for cleverness, they get together to eat dumplings. It is said that they are blessed with money, skillful with needles and early married with dates.

In some places, the activities of Begging Clever Festivals are of a competitive nature, similar to the ancient custom of fighting clever tricks. In modern times, it is customary to make clever bud soup by threading needles, steaming skillfully, branding skillfully fruits, and in some places. Generally, grains are soaked in water on the first day of July, and cut buds to make soup on Tanabata. Children in this area pay special attention to eating clever buds, and decorations made of dough sculpture, paper-cutting and colored embroidery are the evolution of the custom of fighting clever buds. The shepherd boy will pick wild flowers and hang them on the horns on Qixi Day, which is called "Happy Birthday to the Cow" (it is said that Qixi is the birthday of the Cow).

Zhucheng, Tengxian and Zouxian call the rain on Tanabata "acacia rain" or "acacia tears" because it is caused by the meeting of cowherd and weaver girl. Legend has it that there are very few magpies in Jiaodong and southwestern Shandong, and they all went to the sky to build a magpie bridge.

Today, there are still similar begging customs all over Zhejiang. Such as Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou and other places, on this day, all kinds of small objects are made of flour, which are called "proper fruit" after frying in oil, and proper fruit, lotus, white lotus root and Hong Ling are displayed in the courtyard at night. The girl puts a needle on the moon to pray for the weaver girl to give her a clever skill, or catches a spider and puts it in a box. If the box is opened the next day, it is called clever.

In the rural areas of Shaoxing, there will be many young girls hiding under the flourishing pumpkin shed that night. If you can hear the whispers of the cowherd and the weaver girl when they meet in the dead of night, the girl to be married will get this eternal love in the future.

In order to express people's wish that the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl can live a happy family life every day, in Jinhua, Zhejiang, every family will kill a chicken on July 7th, which means that the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl will meet on this night, and if there is no cock to announce the dawn, they will never be apart.

In the west of Guangxi, it is said that on the morning of July 7th, a fairy would come down to the earth to take a bath, and drinking its bath water could ward off evil spirits and cure diseases and prolong life. This water is called "Double Seven Waters". When chickens crow on this day, people scramble to get water from the river, and then take it back and put it in a new urn for future use.

Guangzhou's Begging Festival is unique. Before the festival comes, the girls prepare colorful paper, medulla tetrapanacis, string and so on in advance, and weave all kinds of fancy gadgets. They also put the seeds and mung beans in a small box and soak them in water to germinate them. When the buds grow to more than two inches, they are used to worship the gods, which are called "worshipping the immortals" and "worshipping the gods". From the sixth night to the seventh night, for two nights in a row, the girls put on new clothes and jewelry. After everything is arranged, they burn incense and light candles and bow down to the stars, which is called "welcoming the fairy". From the third night to the fifth watch, they have to worship seven times in a row.

After worshipping the immortals, the girls hold colored threads in their hands and thread them through the pinholes. If they can wear seven pinholes in one breath, they are called skillful hands, while those who can't wear seven pinholes are called skillful hands. After Tanabata, the girls gave each other small handicrafts and toys to show their friendship.

When you are in Fujian and Chinese Valentine's Day, let Weaver Girl enjoy and taste the fruits and vegetables, so that she can bless the fruits and vegetables harvest in the coming year. The offerings include tea, wine, fresh fruit, five seeds (longan, red dates, hazelnuts, peanuts and melon seeds), flowers, pollen for women's cosmetics and a incense burner. Generally, after fasting and bathing, everyone takes turns to burn incense and worship at the altar and pray silently. Women not only beg for cleverness, but also beg for children, longevity, beauty and love. Then, while eating fruit, drinking tea and chatting, everyone plays the game of begging for cleverness. There are two kinds of begging for cleverness: one is "divination", that is, asking yourself whether you are clever or stupid with a divination tool; The other is clever match, that is, whoever goes through the needle quickly gets clever, and the slow one is called "losing clever". The "losing clever" should give small gifts prepared in advance to the skillful one.

In some areas, "Seven Sisters' Clubs" are also organized, and the "Seven Sisters' Clubs" in various areas gather in Zongxiang Guild Hall to lay down all kinds of colorful incense tables, which are all paper-pasted, filled with flowers, fruits, rouge powder, paper-made small flowered clothes, shoes, daily necessities and embroidery. The "Seven Sisters' Clubs" in different regions will work hard on the incense table to see who makes it exquisitely. Today, this kind of activity has been forgotten, and only a few ancestral halls still set up incense tables on this festival to worship the cowherd and the weaver girl. The incense table is usually prepared on the seventh day of July, and in the evening, it begins to beg the Weaver Maid.

proper fruit is the most famous festival food for the Qixi Festival. Proper fruit, also known as "Kiki Kiki Fruit", has many styles. The main materials are oil, flour, sugar and honey. "Dream of China in Tokyo" refers to it as "laughing at children" and "fruit eating patterns", while the patterns include holding incense and winning. During the Song Dynasty, proper fruit was already sold in the market. proper fruit's practice was: first, put the white sugar in a pot and melt it into syrup, then mix it with flour and sesame seeds, spread it on a table, cool it, cut it into long squares with a knife, and finally fold it into spindle-shaped proper fruit embryos, and fry it until golden. Handy women will also create various patterns related to the legend of Qixi.

In addition, there are many changes in the melons and fruits used for begging for cleverness: either the melons and fruits are carved into exotic flowers and birds, or the surface of the melon skin is embossed with patterns; This kind of melon is called "flower melon".

to this day, Qixi is still a romantic traditional festival. However, many customs have weakened or disappeared, and only the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, which symbolizes loyal love, has been circulated among the people.

Chinese Valentine's Day's Poems

One of the nineteen ancient poems

(Han) Anonymous

Far away, Altair, Jiaojiao River, Han female.

touch your hands with fine fibers, and work on the loom.

I cry like rain all day long.

the rivers and rivers are clear and shallow, which is quite different.

there are plenty of water, and the pulse is speechless.

Chinese Valentine's Day

(Five Dynasties, Later Tang Dynasty) Yang Pu

If you don't care, you must invite the Weaver Girl to make a golden shuttle.

begging every year is clever with the world, but there are many clever people.

Tanabata

(Tang Dynasty) Quan Deyu

Today, the crossing of the Queqiao Bridge by Yunqing should be different from the distance.

My family likes to open the makeup mirror and wear needles for nine nights under the moon.

Chinese Valentine's Day

(Tang) Xu Ning

A bridge of magpies is vast, and a thousand sounds of Yu Pei cross Lingling.

There are old guests who leave, and it's not as good as a river drum star to look down.

queqiao fairy

(Song Dynasty) Qin Guan

Thin clouds are clever, flying stars spread hatred, and silver and Han people cross the river in secret.

when the golden wind and the jade dew meet, they win over countless people.

tenderness is like water, ritual is like a dream, and you can take care of the magpie bridge and go home!

if a relationship is long-lasting, it's still going on and on!

drunken answer to Jundong (Ming) Tang Xianzu on Tanabata

Jade Hall opens in spring, and new words are sung in Peony Pavilion.

I beat my heart out all over the place, and I pinched Tan Mark to teach Xiao Ling.

the tanabata in Han Zhuang Zhazhou

(Qing) Yao Xie

Mulan paddles lotus flower country, and the hall is red and the air is cool at night.

The smoke is out of the water outside Liusi Lake, and the mountain eyebrows are blue and the moon eyebrows are yellow.

Lantern Festival

January 19, 26 Source:

Lantern Festival is a major traditional festival in China, also called Yuanxi and Yuanye, also known as Shangyuan Festival, because it is the first full moon night in the New Year. Because this festival has the custom of watching lanterns in past dynasties, it is also called the Lantern Festival. The formation of Lantern Festival custom has a long process. According to general data and folklore, the fifteenth day of the first month has been paid attention to in the Western Han Dynasty. The activities of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to sacrifice "Taiyi" in Ganquan Palace on the night of the first month are regarded by later generations as the first sound of offering sacrifices to the gods on the fifteenth day of the first month. However, the fifteenth day of the first month was really a folk festival after the Han and Wei Dynasties. The introduction of Buddhist culture in the Eastern Han Dynasty is of great significance to the formation of the Lantern Festival custom.

During the Yongping period of Emperor Hanming (58-75 AD), when the Ming Emperor advocated Buddhism, it coincided with Cai Cheng's return from India to seek Buddhism, saying that on the 15th day of the first month in India, monks gathered to pay tribute to Buddhist relics, which was an auspicious day to participate in Buddhism. In order to promote Buddhism, Emperor Han Ming ordered "burning lamps to show Buddha" in the palace and temple on the fifteenth night of the first month. Therefore, the custom of burning lanterns on the fifteenth night of the first month has expanded with the influence of Buddhist culture.