The history of Wanzhou Changping Township

1. History of Wanzhou, Chongqing

Wanzhou belongs to Liangzhou in Xia and Shang Dynasties, belongs to Ba Kingdom in Zhou Dynasty, and Quren County in Qin Dynasty. Since the 21st year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (216 AD) The county has a history of more than 1,700 years.

When the county was first established, it was named Yangqu, and later it was renamed Nanpu, Yuquan, Anxiang, and Wanchuan. In the 8th year of Zhenguan of the Tang Dynasty (AD 634), it was changed to Wanzhou. Afterwards, it was renamed several times. In the 6th year of Hongwu (AD 1373), it was demoted to the prefecture and became a county called Wanxian. During the Republic of China, it was the seat of the Ninth Administrative Commissioner's Office of Sichuan Province.

Wanzhou has a long history, outstanding location advantages and relatively developed economy. It has always been a water and land transportation hub and material distribution center in eastern Chongqing, western Hubei, northern Guizhou, southern Shaanxi and western Hunan. During the Anti-Japanese War, Wanzhou formed an unprecedented wartime economy. Together with Chengdu and Chongqing, it was called "Chengyu Wan", establishing its third place in Sichuan Province and writing a glorious page for Wanzhou.

After the founding of New China, the Wanxian area was established and belonged to Sichuan Province, with jurisdiction over nine counties and one city. In 1992, the regions were abolished and prefecture-level counties and cities were established, with jurisdiction over the three districts of Longbao, Tiancheng and Wuqiao and eight counties including Kaixian, Liangping, Zhongxian, Yunyang, Fengjie, Wushan, Wuxi and Chengkou.

After Chongqing was directly governed, Wanzhou District was established, with jurisdiction over 53 towns and streets, covering an area of ??3,457 square kilometers. At the end of 2004, the total population was 1.697 million, and the urban population was approximately 545,000. Geographical location Wanzhou District is located in the eastern part of Chongqing City, adjacent to Yunyang County in the east, Lichuan City in Hubei Province, Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County, and Zhong County in the south, Liangping County and Kaijiang County in Sichuan Province in the west, Kaixian County in the north, and 327 km from Chongqing City in the upper part. kilometers, and 321 kilometers down to Yichang City, Hubei Province. It is the heart city of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.

The Yangtze River runs through the territory from south to north. The geographical coordinates are between 107°52ˊ-108°53ˊ east longitude and 30°24ˊ-31°15ˊ north latitude. It is an important port city in the Yangtze River Basin. Area The whole region covers an area of ??3457 square kilometers. Among them, there are 95,000 hectares of cultivated land, accounting for 27.5% of the total area; and 1.204 million acres of forest land, accounting for 23% of the total area.

The entire territory is 97.3 square meters long from east to west and 67.3 kilometers wide from north to south. At present, the city has a built-up area of ??36.3 square kilometers, divided into 3 large areas and 8 major groups, with a planned control area of ??58 square kilometers.

Population status Wanzhou District has jurisdiction over 3 administrative committees (Wuqiao, Longbao, Tiancheng), 14 sub-district offices, 30 towns, and 47 townships. At the end of 1998, the total population of the region was 1.651 million, including 353,100 non-agricultural population, the urbanization level was 21.39%, and the population density was 477.58 people/square kilometer.

From 1993 to 1998, the average annual growth rate of urbanization was 1.22%. Topography The Yangtze River runs across the entire region from west to northeast, forming a terrain that is high in the north and south and low in the middle.

The landforms are dominated by low mountains and hills, accounting for 57% and 43% of the total area respectively, with intermittent river terraces, shallow hills and flat dams. Generally divided into two types.

First, there are hilly and low mountainous areas, mainly concentrated in the parallel ridge and valley areas below 1,000 meters above sea level. They are the main landforms in the area and are the main areas for producing grain and cash crops. The second is the Zhongshan District, concentrated in Qiyao Mountain, Fangdou Mountain, Tiefeng Mountain and other places with an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, which are suitable for planting fruit trees, medicinal materials and pastures.

The territory is crisscrossed by rivers, and the rivers and streams are deeply cut and distributed in branch shapes, belonging to the Yangtze River system. The highest point is Tangjiadabao in Qiyao Village, Puzi Township, with an altitude of 1,762 meters. The lowest point is on the river bank of Caofangyuan, Jinshan Village, Huangbai Township, with an altitude of 106 meters.

Wanzhou Climate Wanzhou District belongs to the subtropical humid monsoon area, with a mild climate, four distinct seasons, high humidity, many clouds and fog, and little sunshine. The annual sunshine hours are 1159.8 hours; the annual average temperature is 17.9°C; the frost-free period is 299 days; the annual average rainfall is 1227.7 mm, and the maximum rainfall in 24 hours is 199.3 mm; the annual average vapor pressure is 18.1hpa; the average relative humidity is 82% ; The annual average wind speed is 0.5 m/s; the annual maximum wind direction is n, with a frequency of 75%, the second most common wind direction is nnw, with a frequency of 6%, and the maximum wind speed is 16.7 m/s.

Natural resources The geological structure of Wanzhou District is complex, the terrain is mainly low mountains and hills, and the natural resources are very rich. Abundant water resources: There is abundant rainfall in the territory, the Yangtze River has a long transit process, many tributaries, and abundant water resources.

The region's hydropower resources can be exploited to 323,000 kilowatts, and the annual power generation can reach more than 480 million kilowatt hours. A wide range of biological resources: First, forest resources.

The forest coverage rate is 26.9%, with 1.204 million acres of various types of forest land, accounting for 23% of the total area. The second is grassland resources.

Natural pastures are abundant and of many types. There are a number of high-quality pastures and artificially grown high-quality high-yielding pastures. The third is rare plant resources.

A variety of rare plants that are listed as key protected plants by the state have been discovered and planted. Among them, the first-level protected plants include metasequoia and Davidia involucrata, and the second-level protected plants include more than 10 kinds of plants such as Heliconia spp. and Thread fern. There are many species of third-level protected plants. The fourth is animal resources.

There are 312 known species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and other vertebrates and wild animals, including 69 species of mammals, 124 species of birds, 15 species of reptiles, and amphibians There are 12 species and 92 species of fish; there are more than 20 known rare animals, including monkeys, black bears, pangolins, wolves, wild boars, etc. which are nationally protected animals. Rich mineral resources: There are many types of mineral resources in the area, widely distributed, rich in reserves and good combination.

There are 38 types of proven mineral resources in the region. Among them, energy minerals include coal, stone coal, peat, and natural gas; ferrous metals include iron and titanium; nonferrous metals include copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, gold, and nickel; dispersed element minerals include germanium and gallium; radioactive element minerals include uranium; Metallurgical auxiliary raw material minerals include refractory clay, kaolin, silica, dolomite, and limestone; chemical raw material non-metallic minerals include phosphorus, sulfur, rock salt, brine, barite, toxinite, and potassium-containing rocks; building materials and other non-metallic minerals include Gypsum, limestone, shale, clay, quartz sandstone, marble rock, sepiolite, etc., of which coal reserves are 12.78 million tons, natural gas reserves are 240 billion cubic meters, and rock salt reserves are 280 billion tons.

Potential tourism resources: Wanzhou District has a large number of tourism resources, all types, relatively concentrated, and easy to develop. It is one of the "Excellent Tourism Districts in China" with more than 130 various tourism resource units and tourist communities. 13, including 1 national forest park, 2 national AA-level scenic spots, 3 municipal (provincial) level key scenic spots, 1 municipal level key cultural relics protection unit, and 4 municipal (provincial) level forest parks. It has one of the 11 major tourist routes in the country - the Yangtze River Three Gorges tourist route, which is a new starting point for the new Three Gorges tourism.

Land resources The total land area of ??the district is 3,457 square kilometers, including 670.83 square kilometers of cultivated land, 790 square kilometers of forest land, 3.72 square kilometers of tea gardens, 33.47 square kilometers of orchards, and 231 square kilometers of urban land. 2. History of Wanzhou, Chongqing

Wanzhou has a long history, a long history and a gathering of celebrities.

As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, the land belonged to Qin and Ba County was established. After the Qin Dynasty unified the world, thirty-six counties were divided into 36 counties, and counties were first established in eastern Sichuan. They were named after "Bihui of all rivers" and "Biji of all merchants". It is one of the ten major ports on the Yangtze River.

The western section of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River spans the parallel ridges and valleys of Daba Mountain, Wushan Mountain, Qiyao Mountain and Pendong. It is located in the hinterland of the Three Gorges Project reservoir area, where the world-famous Large and Small Three Gorges are located. It is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the east corner of the Sichuan Basin, straddling the throat of the Sichuan River and bordering the Three Gorges to the east.

It is 327 kilometers away from Chongqing and 321 kilometers away from Yichang on the waterway. It is the water and land hub in eastern Sichuan and is known as the "Gateway to Eastern Sichuan". In ancient times, our ancestors created the splendid "Daxi Culture".

The sunshine and rain here have created loyal generals such as Ba Manzi, Yan Yan, Gan Ning, and Qin Liangyu in the past dynasties, nurtured national elites such as Liu Bocheng, Lin Tie, Xue Zizheng, and Peng Yongwu, and raised Liu Shibai, Ba Talented students such as Shi Tu, He Qifang, Liu Shufang, etc. The famous mountains and rivers here attracted Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhang Xianzhong, Li Laixiang, etc. to perform tragic dramas here in the Bell and Drum Tower.

Xia and Shang belonged to Liangzhou, Zhou belonged to Bazi Kingdom, and Qin belonged to Bajun and Quren County. In the 21st year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (216 years), Liu Bei divided Quren and established Yangqu County, and governed the city of Changtan, which was the beginning of Wanzhou's establishment of a county.

In the eighth year of Jianxing of the Shu Han Dynasty (230), the provincial Yangqu was established in Nanpu County, and the city was moved to the south bank of Wanzhou District. In the second year of the Western Wei Dynasty (553) when the emperor was deposed, Nanpu was renamed Yuquan County and moved to Jiangbei (today's Huancheng Road, Wanzhou District).

During the Northern Zhou Dynasty (557-584), Yuquan County was first changed to Anxiang County, and then to Wanchuan County, which was under the same governance as Nanzhou and Wanchuan County. In the 10th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty (598), Wanzhou County was abolished and Wanchuan County was renamed Nanpu County, under the same governance as Nanzhou.

In the third year of Emperor Yangdi’s reign (607), Nanzhou and Nanpu County of the province were assigned to Badong County. In the second year of Wude (619) of the Tang Dynasty, Nanpu County was established and included Liangshan, Nanpu and Wuning counties. In the eighth year of Wude, Nanpu County was renamed Puzhou.

In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Puzhou was changed to Wanzhou. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Wanzhou was changed to Nanpu County. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), Wanzhou was restored and still governed under the same jurisdiction as Nanpu County. In the 20th year of Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty (1283), Nanpu County of the province entered Wanzhou and took over Wuning County.

In the fourth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1317), Wuning County was merged into Wanzhou. In the sixth year (1373), Wanzhou was reduced to Wanxian. In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), Wanxian Prefecture was established.

In March 1917, the British-controlled Chongqing Customs officially established a branch at Jinjiang Terrace upstream of the East Bell and Drum Tower in Wanxian City. In July 1925, the Duan Qirui government announced that Wanxian County was officially opened as a port. Since then, Wanxian County has become the second treaty port in Sichuan Province with direct customs declaration and export.

Yang Sen established the city of Wanxian in 1928 and appointed himself as mayor. He believed that "if you enter the country without plowing the fields and without cultivating the country, you cannot call it governance. When you enter the city, the roads are muddy and the mountains are covered with dust." , it cannot be called a good market.”

He "imitated European and American countries and changed customs", focused on promoting his "New Deal", started municipal construction in a drastic manner, and appointed Ren Haisi, a student studying in Japan, as an engineer. The new city was planned on the basis of the old city, and 12 roads including Ring Road, Wenming Road, 1st Road, 2nd Road, 3rd Road, Xishan Road, Orchard Front Road, Orchard Back Road, Great Wall Road, Wangjiang Road, and Telegraph Road were repaired. Mud-crushed gravel road.

Construction of Wan'an Bridge and Fuxing Bridge was started; two new markets, Bell and Drum Tower and Nanjin Street, were opened; Xishan Park was built and a tall Western-style bell tower was built, which is the third largest along the Yangtze River after Shanghai and Wuhan. The Bell Tower is still a landmark building in Wanzhou. Then the city was reorganized, the area was planned, shops and residential areas were designated, and public toilets were built. The ancient Wanzhou had a new look, and its business became increasingly prosperous. It became one of the three largest cities in Sichuan, known as "Chengdu, Chongqing, and Wanzhou".

In 1950, the Wanxian District was established and belongs to the Sichuan East Administrative District. The Wanxian Office is located in Wanxian City and has jurisdiction over eight counties including Wanxian (based in Shahe Town), Kaixian, Chengkou (based in Fuxing Town), Wuxi, Yunyang, Fengjie, Wushan, and Zhongxian.

In 1952, Wanxian District came under the leadership of Sichuan Province. Wanxian City, which was originally under the direct jurisdiction of the East Sichuan Administrative Office, was placed under the leadership of the Wanxian Administrative Office.

It governs 1 city and 8 counties. In 1953, Wanxian City was changed to a provincial city, and Wanxian County Agency was entrusted with its management.

Liangping County, which was formerly part of Dazhu District, was incorporated into Wanxian District. It governs 1 city and 9 counties.

In 1970, Wanxian District was renamed Wanxian District, and the area was located in Wanxian City. It governs Wanxian City and 9 counties including Wanxian (in Shahe Town), Kaixian, Chengkou (in Fuxing Town), Wuxi, Wushan, Fengjie, Yunyang, Zhongxian, and Liangping.

In 2005, the three immigration development zones of Longbao, Tiancheng and Wuqiao were abolished, and Wanzhou District directly managed towns, townships and streets, with jurisdiction over 13 townships, 28 towns and 11 streets, covering an area of ??3457 square kilometers. On June 24, 2005, the Wanzhou District People's Government moved from Taibaiyan Street to Chenjiaba Street (that is, from No. 82 Gaosuntang to No. 756 Tiancheng Avenue). In 2010, the relocation and resettlement tasks for the Three Gorges immigrants in Chongqing were fully completed.

Wanzhou is the largest Three Gorges resettlement area, with 263,000 immigrants, and 1/5 of the immigrants from the Three Gorges reservoir area moved to Wanzhou. As Wanzhou became the main destination for immigrants from the Three Gorges region, it expanded in size and became the second largest city in Chongqing.

Extended information: Wanzhou District is located on the eastern edge of the Sichuan Basin and the northeastern edge of Chongqing City, covering an area of ??3,457 square kilometers (1 million acres of cultivated land, including 584,900 acres of field land; 501,400 acres of slope land greater than 25 degrees, of which (324,900 acres of dry land), and the urban area is 32.5 square kilometers. The hills in the area are undulating. The highest point is Shaping Peak, Puzi Township, with an altitude of 1,762 meters. The lowest point, Huangbai Township, is on the bank of the Yangtze River, with an altitude of 106 meters. The northwest of Gaosheng Township, Fengshan Caixiao Pass, has an altitude of 1,373.3 meters. The relative height difference within the area is They are 184.5 meters and 1266.8 meters respectively.

Low mountains and hills account for about a quarter of the area, and low and mid-mountain mountains and intermountain flatlands account for about a quarter. There are very few flat dams and platforms, and they are scattered sporadically. There are crisscrossing rivers in the territory, and the rivers and streams are deeply cut, have large drops, and are distributed in a branch-like manner. They all belong to the Yangtze River system.

The Yangtze River enters the Shicao River in Changping Township (118 meters above sea level) at the junction of Shizhu and Zhong counties in the southwest, traverses the hinterland to the northeast, and flows into Yunyang County via Baishuitan in Huangbai Township (106 meters above sea level). The process 80.4 kilometers. The rivers with a drainage area of ??more than 100 square kilometers in the territory include Zhuoxi River, Duhe River, Shiqiao River, Ruxi River, and Puli River in the north of the Yangtze River, and eight rivers in the south of the Yangtze River: Nixi River, Wuqiao River, and Baishui River. 93, with a total water area of ??163,000 acres (108.66 square kilometers).

The geological age of the exposed strata within the territory is mostly found in the Mesozoic, Triassic and Jurassic periods. 3. Major land surface changes that occurred in Wanzhou in history

Wanzhou District is located on the eastern edge of the Sichuan Basin and the northeastern edge of Chongqing City, at 107°55'22''~108 53'25'' east longitude. North latitude 30°24'25''~31°14'58''. It borders Yunyang in the east, Shizhu and Hubei Lichuan in the south, Zhongxian and Liangping in the west, Kaijiang and Kaixian in the north, with an area of ??97.25 kilometers from east to west, 67.25 kilometers from north to south, and an area of ??3,457 square kilometers (cultivated land area of ??1 million acres, including farmland 584,900 acres; 501,400 acres of slope land greater than 25 degrees, including 324,900 acres of dry land), the city area is 32.5 square kilometers, and the straight-line distance from Chongqing is 228 kilometers. The hills in the area are undulating. The highest point is Shaping Peak in Puzi Township, with an altitude of 1,762 meters. The lowest point is Huangbai Township, on the bank of the Yangtze River, with an altitude of 106 meters. The northwest of Gaosheng Township, Fengshan Caixiao Pass, has an altitude of 1,373.3 meters. The relative height difference within the area is They are 184.5 meters and 1266.8 meters respectively. Low mountains and hills account for about a quarter of the area, and low and mid-mountain mountains and intermountain flatlands account for about a quarter. There are very few flat dams and platforms and they are scattered sporadically.

There are criss-crossing rivers in the territory, and the rivers and streams are deeply cut, with large drops, great height differences, and branch-like distribution. They all belong to the Yangtze River system. The Yangtze River enters the Shicao River in Changping Township (118 meters above sea level) at the junction of Shizhu and Zhong counties in the southwest, traverses the hinterland to the northeast, and flows into Yunyang County via Baishuitan in Huangbai Township (about 106 meters above sea level), with a journey of 80.4 kilometers. The rivers with a drainage area of ??more than 100 square kilometers within the territory include Zhuxi River, Duhe River, Shiqiao River, Ruxi River, and Puli River in the north of the Yangtze River, and eight rivers including the Nixi River, Wuqiao River, and Xintian River in the south of the Yangtze River. 93, with a total water area of ??163,000 acres (108.66 square meters).

The geological ages of the exposed strata within the territory are mostly found in the Triassic and Jurassic periods of the Mesozoic Era. They were formed between 230 and 137 million years ago. The Jurassic period is the most widely distributed, followed by the Triassic, and locally There are Paleozoic Permian strata dating back 285 to 230 million years ago, and Cenozoic Quaternary strata dating back 2.5 million years ago. The geological structure line within the territory belongs to the western edge of the Wulingshan fold belt, the third giant uplift belt of the Neocathaysian system. The Sichuan diamond-shaped structural basin controlled by the Dabashan arc-shaped fold belt extends out of the country in the northeast and three-northeast directions and disappears on the northwest side of the Qiyaoshan anticline structure, forming a Wanxian arc-shaped structural line that projects to the northwest.

Wanzhou District belongs to the subtropical monsoon humid zone, with four distinct climate seasons, warm and foggy winters; hot summers with frequent droughts; early spring, rapid and unstable temperature rise; long autumn, continuous rain, and sunshine Sufficient rainfall, mild weather, long frost-free period, and scarce frost and snow. The multi-year average temperature within the territory is 17.7°C, the highest annual average temperature is 19.0°C (1982), and the lowest average temperature is 17.6°C (1974); the multi-year extreme highest temperature is 41°C (August 26, 1972), and the extreme lowest temperature is minus 3.7 ℃ (January 27, 1955, December 15, 1975), the multi-year average annual sunshine hours are 1484.4 hours, the maximum annual sunshine hours are 1713 hours, and the minimum annual sunshine hours are 924 hours, according to data from the Datankou Hydrological Station in the territory According to statistics, the average annual precipitation is 1243 mm, and the maximum annual precipitation is 1549.6 mm (1982).

The lowest annual precipitation is 981.9 mm (1976), the multi-year average annual water surface evaporation is 620 mm, and the total annual evaporation reaches 1.085 billion cubic meters. 4. The history of the Tan family, please answer if you know it, thank you

1. Comes from the surname Si.

According to legend, floods occurred in the Central Plains during the Yao Dynasty. Yao sent Gun to control the floods. Gun used blocking methods, but failed. It is said that Gun's wife ate coix in a dream, and when she woke up, she became pregnant and gave birth to Yu.

After Shun came to the throne, he appointed Gun's son Yu to control the floods. Yu adopted the dredging method and it was successful. After Yu succeeded in controlling the floods, Shun gave Si the surname Yu.

When the feudal lords were enfeoffed in the early Zhou Dynasty, a branch of the Si family was granted the title of son in the state of Tan (today’s west of Zhangqiu County, Shandong Province). In the early Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Huan of Qi dominated the princes and annexed the state of Tan in the fourth year of King Zhouzhuang (683 BC).

The son of the king of Tan State fled to Ju State (today's Ju County, Shandong). The descendants took the country as their surname and called it the Tan family. In history, it was called the authentic Tan family, which was the Shandong Tan family.

2. From the ancient southwest ethnic minorities. According to the textual research of "Tonggu Genealogy of Ten Thousand Surnames", the six surnames in Banan (today's Yunnan and Guizhou areas) include the Tan family. They claim to be descendants of Pangu. Looking out of Hongnong, they are the Tan family of Yunnan and Guizhou.

Extended information: Tan family tree: Shandong: There is a Guotan village in Yuncheng County. The whole village has the surname Tan. There are also other villages and towns with families surnamed Tan in the village. There is a village called "Tanjiaqiuyu Village" in Anqiu City, Weifang. All the people in the village have the surname "Tan" and exclude other surnames. They are the true descendants of the Tan family.

During the Hongwu period, there was a severe drought and plague in Shandong, so they moved here. There is a "Tan Family Genealogy" hidden in the village. Its original whereabouts are unknown, but later generations have added it. Jiangsu: Genealogy of the Tan family in Pilinggxiang, Wujin Zhejiang: twelve volumes of the genealogy of the Tan family in Xiaoyi, Xiaoshan, ten volumes of the genealogy of the Tan family in Jiaxing, the first volume of ten volumes of the family genealogy of the Tan family in Jiaxing Hubei: four volumes of the genealogy of the Tan family in Xinzhou , Thirteen volumes of the Mianyang Tan family genealogy (revised in the 9th year of the Republic of China) have photocopies in the Hubei Provincial Library, six volumes of the Mianyang Tan family genealogy (revised in 1989), and Tianmen Tan family genealogy (revised in the 15th year of the Republic of China) have four extant volumes. Set in Shaanxi: Chencang Tanjiabao Tan family genealogy is hidden in three volumes of genealogy. Jiangxi: Nanfeng Tan family genealogy is continued in the first volume of twenty volumes.