Interpreting the Tourism Development Plan of the 14th Five-Year Plan: Take Back the Punched Fist.

On February 6th, 2022,65438,2022+20221October 20th, the State Council released the 14th Five-Year Plan for Tourism Development, which is another five-year plan for tourism after the 14th Five-Year Plan for Culture and Tourism Development was released by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2002/KLOC-0. It is regarded as the action program of tourism development in the next five years.

To interpret this development plan, we need to combine it with the "Thirteenth Five-Year Tourism Development Plan" and compare their similarities and differences, thus truly reflecting three major problems:

(1) What did you reflect on?

(2) What has changed?

(3) What do you advocate?

These three issues correspond to the understanding and revision of tourism development during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and the three aspects of planning to be done in the next 14th Five-Year Plan period. The following will be discussed from the following three aspects:

First, what did you reflect on?

The original text of the 14th Five-Year Tourism Development Plan did not mention the reflection on the 13th Five-Year Tourism Development Plan, but by carefully comparing the two and combining with the common writing methods of China government documents, we can clearly see what reflections are. Reflection doesn't have to be written clearly to see what is not mentioned, or it has changed from emphasis to understatement.

So what is the embodiment of the 14 th Five-Year Tourism Development Plan to the 13 th Five-Year Tourism Development Plan? In short, it is to take back the punched fist.

First of all, it reflects on the development of sports tourism and the great expansion of tourism since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan".

The 13th Five-Year Plan for Tourism Development regards tourism as the "new engine of development" of the national economy, trying to promote the development of many industries in the national economy with tourism, and vigorously promoting the formation of a development situation dominated by "tourism+",which has greatly expanded in cultural tourism real estate, old-age leisure, PPP projects, tourist towns and other aspects, and the results have gradually emerged since 20 19. With the large-scale financing of tourism,

The Tenth Five-Year Plan for Tourism has returned to the tourism industry itself, and the development goal is to improve the "modern tourism industry system", better meet the "mass tourism consumption demand" and recover the tentacles that tourism has extended to other industries.

Secondly, it reflects the long-standing problem of "small horse-drawn carts".

Third, the "small horse-drawn cart" reflects two problems. One is whether the pony can pull the cart now, and the other is whether the pony can pull the cart in the future.

Fourthly, whether the pony can pull the cart now includes the question whether the tourism department can pull other departments to strive for a tourism goal, whether the tourism industry can become a local industry and drive the development of other industries, whether the local development needs the pony to pull the cart, and whether there are other options.

Fifth, the question of whether the pony can pull a cart in the future directly points to the tourism industry itself, that is, whether the scope and scale of the tourism industry can drive the sustainable development of a local economy. Since tourism has not been the leading industry in various places for a long time, is it a mismatch of resources or basically reasonable?

Sixth, from the perspective of departmental promotion, the tourism expansion since 20 15 has been promoted by the National Tourism Administration alone, and many departments such as industry and commerce, culture, agriculture, land and ocean are engaged in "tourism+". Although it was once in full swing, it was still difficult to control afterwards. Each department has its own basic plan and must coordinate with other departments.

Seventh, from the perspective of industry-driven, although tourism departments often talk about the multiplier effect of tourism, they also often talk about the "splendid china effect" (consumption in splendid china 1 yuan can drive the whole city's consumption 13 yuan), but these theoretical analyses lack recent event data to prove, ignoring the scale and scale. How big is the multiplier effect of administrative tourism above prefecture-level cities and how big will it play? The "cart" that drives all industries of the national economy with tourism is still struggling to move forward from the existing tourist cities.

Second, what has changed?

Since there is reflection, there is change.

Changed what? Generally speaking, the following changes have taken place in the tourism development plan of the 14 th Five-Year Plan:

(1) From Vision to Compliance

(2) From cooperation to internal control.

(3) Shift from comprehensive expansion to key development.

From Vision to Compliance

Comparing the 14th Five-Year Plan with the 13th Five-Year Plan, we can clearly find that the 13th Five-Year Plan is more far-sighted. Starting from tourism as a "strategic pillar industry" or even a "new engine for development", I have made the best assumption in the imaginable space, hoping that tourism itself can become an elevator. Therefore, the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for tourism development is a blueprint.

The tenth five-year plan of tourism highlights its conformity. In short, it is more in line with the requirements of the development plan text, more in line with terminology norms, and more focused on current problems and their solutions. It's standardized from beginning to end. For example, after 20 13, the word "hotel" is rarely used in the tourism industry, and it is generally called "hotel". However, according to national standards, the word "hotel" is more in line with the standards. According to the documents such as China Tourist Hotel Evaluation Standard and China Star Hotel Directory, we can see that the word "hotel" was used at that time.

Not only the wording is very compliant, but also the tourism management and promotion are very compliant. The important embodiment is that many cross-tourism affairs are solved within the department as far as possible, and can be controlled internally, rather than trying to take external cooperation. This point will be emphasized in the next section.

(b) From cooperation to internal control.

The text of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Tourism Development puts forward many visions, but many of them are difficult to realize only by the former National Tourism Administration, and multi-sectoral cooperation has become the choice. For example, in the 13th Five-Year Tourism Development Plan, "tourism+"is the highlight, including "tourism+urbanization", "tourism+new industrialization", "tourism+agricultural modernization" and "tourism+modern service industry", among which "tourism+modern service industry" includes "integrated development of tourism and culture" and "integrated development of tourism and recreation". These extensive "tourism+"are difficult to practice only through the tourism sector, so many ministries and commissions, such as the former National Tourism Administration, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Culture, the State Forestry Administration and the State Oceanic Administration, all mentioned in the article that they share responsibilities and formed a number of joint development documents with various departments around the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan.

The "14th Five-Year Plan" tourism development plan was introduced on the basis of the merger of the Ministry of Culture and the former National Tourism Administration. Therefore, it can be seen from the article that it is more the internal control and governance of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, which can be solved by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, giving priority to solving it within the Ministry. So we can see that "the integration of culture and tourism" is a very important content. However, the problems that are difficult to grasp and control within the Ministry are rarely mentioned in the 14 th Five-Year Plan for Tourism Development. Judging from the text, not only the length of "tourism+"has been greatly reduced, but also the scope of "+tourism" has been greatly reduced compared with the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Tourism Development", and most of the mentioned parts are concentrated in the current functions and powers of the Ministry.

At the same time, in the face of complicated "tourism+"and "+tourism", "integration of literature and tourism" has become the safest direction that the Ministry can control and implement. A large-scale "integration of literature and tourism" is the best embodiment from cooperation to internal control.

(3) From all-round expansion to key development

The "Thirteenth Five-Year" tourism development plan is a far-sighted development horn. In the "Twelfth Five-Year" tourism development plan, the tourism industry has moved from the traditional tourism industry category to all-round expansion. Conceptually, with "global tourism" as the core, the whole industry chain and the whole space are expanded. The whole industry chain is based on expanding the tourism industry chain, and the whole space is based on global tourism, which links real estate, environmental protection, pension, sports and education.

The focus of the Tenth Five-Year Plan is to develop the structure and capacity of tourism within its capacity. One is to see what tourism can do from the perspective of solving the contradiction between people's growing needs for a better life and unbalanced development. The other is from the perspective of what the Ministry of Culture and Tourism can do for the tourism industry to solve the aspects that can enhance the tourism industry in the future. The former is embodied in the basic principle of "tourism for the people, driven by tourism", while the latter is embodied in the basic principle of "shaping tourism by literature, displaying literature by tourism", which is refined through tourism spatial layout, tourism product supply system, mass tourism consumption system and tourism governance system. The principle is clear, the field is focused, and the overall expansion turns to key development.

Third, what do you advocate?

There are reflections, changes and, of course, advocacy in the tenth five-year plan for tourism development. What does it advocate?

(1) Return to "people-centered" and advocate development from the perspective of "what tourism can do for people";

(2) Focus on the fundamental problems of industrial upgrading and advocate innovation-driven development.

(3) Conforming to basic laws and rules, and advocating development within one's power.

(a) Advocating the development of tourism from the perspective of "what tourism can do for people"

The 14th Five-Year Plan of tourism begins with a clear statement that all development should be people-oriented, and tourism is an important way to solve the contradiction between people's growing demand for a better life and unbalanced development. Therefore, the 14th Five-Year Plan of the tourism industry advocates high-quality tourism development and supply-side reform of tourism.

Replace low-quality development with high-quality development. In the stage of tourism expansion, a large amount of capital entering the tourism industry brings about a sharp increase in tourism projects, and many of them are an increase in quantity, not an improvement in quality. A large number of shoddy projects, selling tickets around mountains and lakes, and developing real estate or other industries under the banner of tourism abound. Many tourism projects are not as good as the grass-roots level of municipal parks. This large-scale expansion has brought homogeneous low-level tourism expansion, which has not yet come on a large scale in the epidemic. 49660.68868688666

Clarify the future development direction with supply-side reform. "People's growing need for a better life" shows that people's pursuit of tourism is getting better and better, and their requirements are getting higher and higher, not at the stage of low quality and low price, nor at the original stage of closing tickets. Obviously, many old and shabby tourist goods can't meet the needs of the people at this stage, but the fares are still high. This is what needs to be abolished, eliminated, or upgraded.

The "14th Five-Year Plan" for the development of tourism industry is to advocate "people-centered" industrial development, instead of clinging to shortcomings, being complacent and arrogant, but still fooling consumption, so that the tourism industry can truly meet people's needs and balance supply and demand.

(b) Pay attention to the fundamental problems of industrial upgrading and advocate innovation-driven development.

The Tenth Five-Year Plan for Tourism Development clearly points out that the fundamental problem of tourism is the upgrading of industry. On the one hand, this stems from the "people's growing needs for a better life", on the other hand, it is also the inevitable trend of tourism development for so many years. The old scenic spots need to be upgraded, not only because the original facilities and equipment have begun to age, but also because of new demands and new trends, which need to be upgraded in terms of themes and products. New scenic spots also need to be upgraded, because people's demand for a better life is growing and will change with the trend and times. Even the new tourism format will not match the latest demand because of the time change in the preparation process. Tourism is a process of constant pursuit, innovation and upgrading.

The tenth five-year tourism development plan advocates innovation-driven development, and deeply recognizes that science and technology are the primary productive forces and the endogenous driving force to lead the tourism reform. Special emphasis is placed on smart tourism, the application of new technologies in tourism and the research and application of tourism big data, leading the innovation of tourism industry with science and technology and improving the development level of tourism industry. New technologies such as big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, blockchain, 5G, Beidou system, virtual reality and augmented reality have all become innovation-driven, and the application of new technology scenarios has been expanded with "Internet tourism". It is a great change to fully realize the shortcomings of the tourism industry and actively seek technical empowerment instead of expanding the use of tourism to empower other industries.

(three) in line with the basic laws and rules, and promote the development of capabilities.

The "14th Five-Year Plan" for tourism development affirmed the achievements made in tourism development during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, and started from the basic laws, advocated the development according to one's abilities.

Among them, compliance with the Basic Law is mainly reflected in two aspects. The first is the basic law of industrial spatial development. Different from the "global" development in the 13th Five-Year Plan, the 14th Five-Year Plan put forward a new pattern of national tourism space and a spatial structure of "point-belt-network". On the basis of some achievements in the construction of scenic spots in the 13th Five-Year Plan, we can see that the expression of the 14th Five-Year Plan puts more emphasis on the "belt", pointing out the Great Wall, the Grand Canal, the Long March, the Yellow River National Cultural Park and the Silk Road tourist belt, the yangtze river international golden tourist belt, the coastal golden tourist belt, the Beijing-Harbin-Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao high-speed railway, the Taihang Mountain-Wuling Mountain and the Wanli Tea Ceremony. As well as the space of key development zones such as Beijing-Zhangjia Sports and Cultural Tourism Belt, Yellow River Cultural Tourism Belt, Bashu Cultural Tourism Corridor, Hanghuang Natural Ecological Cultural Tourism Corridor and Taihang Mountain Area, are all carried out under the background of the development of their respective urban agglomerations, which also conforms to the objective law of "point-belt-network" gradually developing and slowly advancing. Instead of spatial structure, it is everywhere, and it is difficult to find the key points.

The second compliance is to comply with departmental governance rules. Under the framework of government governance in China, each department has its own rights and obligations, and it is difficult for one department to exert influence on another. If it is cross-sectoral cooperation, it often needs the coordination of higher-level institutions. Therefore, during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, although the National Tourism Administration put forward many suggestions for departmental cooperation, it often requires a higher level of administrative power to coordinate at the local level, which is unconventional and difficult to last.

After the establishment of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the first thing that conforms to the administrative rules of the department is the matters that can be solved and developed within the department, which is clearly reflected in the 14 th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Tourism Industry. It can be seen that "the integration of literature and tourism" is the main means, and "promoting tourism with literature and promoting literature with tourism" is the embodiment of departmental governance. In this context, it is a very important project to promote the construction of national cultural parks, "building national cultural parks into a historical and cultural corridor that inherits Chinese civilization, a spiritual home of the Chinese nation, and a cultural tourism experience space that improves people's quality of life". It is an important foothold to build a tourist resort with profound cultural heritage and create a number of national-level tourist and leisure cities and blocks with distinctive cultural characteristics. Others include red tourism, rural tourism, research tourism, ice and snow tourism and go on road trip. , are steadily carried out in areas that cannot be promoted. These measures are in line with the basic rules of departmental governance and can be formulated within the resources provided by the Ministry.

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As the saying goes, "take back the fist you punched out for a better attack." Tourism expanded in the 13th Five-Year Plan, but contracted after catching up with the global epidemic. For the future development, the path given in the 14th Five-Year Plan for Tourism Industry Development is to take back the fist first, better develop the industry itself, better follow the laws of development and departments, cultivate internal strength, carry out supply-side reform, and take the people as the center to achieve satisfaction.

(Liu: Liu correspondent: Liu Xiaoman)