Cui Hao, Yellow Crane Tower (explain \ write the background and mood at this time)

Poets in Tang Dynasty. Unknown font size. Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan) people. Xuanzong became a scholar during the Kaiyuan period. In the late kaiyuan period, he was sent to Hedong Military Curtain, and served as a servant Siqing and Sixun Yuanwailang in Tianbao.

Yin □ "He Yue Ji" says: "Hao was a frivolous poet when he was young. In the evening, he suddenly became a normal body, and his personality was awe-inspiring. He said at a glance that he had done it. " There are some colorful poems in Cui Hao's works, which are rich and frivolous, and probably written when he was young. Later, when he joined the frontier army, his poetic style changed, showing his high-spirited feelings of "being born in the frontier fortress" and "serving the country for disaster relief". For example, writing "Hunting in the Hometown" for young soldiers, bows and arrows fly fast. The ground is full of eagle and dog diseases, and the grass is deep and the fox and rabbit are fat "("The ancient ranger offered the generals in the army "); Write the scenery of the border area: "The wildfire on the mountain is cold, and the butte is wet in the rain. "I heard that there is no war in western Liaoning, and I always get drunk and lie in the inn" ("Wild Goose Gate as a Tiger Song"), all of which are masterpieces. His "Long Gan Qu" is composed of four poems, in which the love between men and women in southern water towns is written in a question-and-answer way, which is full of folk songs. One of his most famous poems is Yellow Crane Tower, which is said to be greatly appreciated by Li Bai after reading it. It is said that "there is a scene in front of us, and Cui Hao wrote a poem" (Chronicle of Tang Poetry). Song Yu Yan's Cang Lang Shi Hua said: "The Yellow Crane Tower by Cui Hao should be the first of seven-character poems in Tang Dynasty."

Cui Hao (about 704-754) was an important poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and an important figure in the military poetry family. But his fame spread far and wide, and his poem The Yellow Crane Tower is even more magnificent. Legend has it that the poet Li Bai appreciates and admires this very much. Cui Hao's life story is included in the literary biographies of two books in the Tang Dynasty, which is relatively short, and the hatchbacks are combined into one, which is not as long as that described in Biography of Talents in the Tang Dynasty.

Let's analyze Cui Hao's military poems first, and then talk about the rest later.

Cui Hao's military poems can be roughly divided into the following two categories: First, describing the situation of the enemy and ourselves and the situation of the frontier fortress. Here are two songs: 1, "Liaoxi Zuo": "Yanjiao is late, and the border town is frozen with snow. In April, the grass is green and Liaoyang is born in spring. Hu people were horse herders, and the Han Dynasty recruited soldiers every day. The heavy nod is wet, the sand is empty, and the golden drum is ringing. Who owns the spring clothes when the cold clothes are exhausted? Send a message to the Luoyang messenger to spread the feelings of the border. " The poem "Works of Western Liaoning" is also called "A Trip to Kansai". The poem begins with lamenting the landscape of the frontier fortress in the four seasons, talking about the nomadic life of the Hu people and the recruitment and preparation of the Han people, and then to the bitterness of the border environment, the hardship of military life and the yearning for their hometown. The whole poem is naturally divided into two meaning blocks: the first six sentences are about the scenery and people after spring comes, and the last six sentences are about the shapes and feelings under the chill. In the first six sentences, the poet first describes the spring in the frontier fortress through the comparison of seasons. At first, he said that the flowers and plants outside the Great Wall in the outer suburbs of Yan Di germinate late every year, and the grass and flowers in the mainland are already very fragrant, but there are still frozen snow and ice in the border town. Grass didn't grow until April, and the spring tide rippled after the glaciers in the north of Liaohe River disappeared. This season is the beginning of Hu people grazing horses and carefully managing livestock (the horses are plump in autumn, which is the time to point soldiers on the battlefield in autumn), and the Han army is also in the season of recruiting troops to prepare for the autumn war. The last six sentences were changed, and the first six sentences were suddenly abandoned. After the night shift, wet and cold dew appeared on my head. Then there was the collapse of the whole body armor caused by the foot tripping in the sand nest during the patrol. The cold spring in the border is deep, and all the cold clothes have been put on; I think the weather will really get warmer soon. Who should be expected to sew spring clothes at that time? There happens to be a messenger from Luoyang who can take a message. Ask him to tell us the expectations and thoughts of conveying the feelings beyond the Great Wall and protecting the people in the frontier! It seems that the border is blocked and there is not enough spring clothes. It is all up to Luoyang to make this trip back to the Central Plains and ask someone to sew it. Therefore, although great changes have taken place in the technical and tactical connotations of ancient and modern wars, the basic macro situation remains unchanged: first, it is still bitter to defend the border; Another is that the supply of goods is difficult, and it is still like this. Although resources and means have been unparalleled in ancient times, supplies in peacetime and wartime, especially border defense, are still the most important. 2. "The Song of Yanmen Hu Ren": "Shandai County meets Yan in the east, and Yanmen Hu Ren is near. You see, a conference semifinals untied the rope on the falcon's foot, let it fly out to hunt birds, and rode the local Ma Chi to hunt in the vast autumn. The wildfire on the mountain is cold and burning, and the lonely peak in the fog is wet like smoke. I heard that there was no war in western Liaoning, and I always slept in a restaurant drunk. " This Cui Hao is really interesting. Other poets wrote about the frontier fortress with wars or leisure, but the wars were mostly for both sides and the leisure was mostly for China. Even if someone writes about the enemy, it is only a sentence or two, and there is no leisure to write a whole poem about the enemy. But this song is creative, and I wrote this song "Crazy Song of My Own" coldly. The first couplet explains the location, saying that the Hu people live in the countryside near Yanmenguan. Zhuan Xu tells the story of hunting in the conference semifinals. On the one hand, falcons are released to catch birds, and on the other hand, high-spirited Hu generals chase hunting animals with their feet instead of horses. The couplet tells the story of cooking in the rain and holding a cage fire to barbecue game on the mountain in cold weather. In the fog, you can only see the lonely peaks and the smoke from the wet fire. The couplet is a peaceful sketch: if only there were no wars in western Liaoning. People are so carefree that they can drink as they like and sleep in hotels without any scruples. How wonderful peace is! Second, give gifts to friends and colleagues to express their feelings. The following are four songs: 1 "To Liangzhou Taishou Zhang": "For the Han general, Lu rode his horse to invade the south. Go out to clear the desert, and return home to worship the feather forest. The wind and frost are bitter and the years are deep. For the Xihe messenger, I know how to serve the country. " This is a five-character quatrain. It seems that Zhang, the viceroy, was transferred back to the mainland after meritorious service in frontier fortress. At the moment, he was in a hurry and went to work in the frontier again. Cui Hao, a poet, sincerely trusts and admires him. The first is praise, saying that as long as the border enemies hear that you are a general, they will not dare to invade the south again. Going to the frontier is enough to calm the desert and stop the war. When you return to North Korea, you can shoulder the heavy responsibility of General Yu Lin trusted by the king. I know the integrity of your loyal minister in the weather-beaten, and the deep affection of the king is accumulated in the long years. Please take a message to our envoy in Hexi (most people think that the "Xihe" here is the mistake of "Hexi"), and my patriotism is sincere! It seems that this Cui Hao is really in high spirits. It will be good to see a friend guarding the border, and he also has passion. It's just that his passion didn't get a chance to burn in the end What a pity! 2. "To Wang Guwei": "Thirty General Yulin was born in a common place. Spring breeze blows shallow grass, hunting and riding horses. Take care of your feathers and sing a new bow. Shoot elk into deep valleys and drink horses into Izumi. Immediately * * * pour wine, talk about wild cut fresh. You can't drink it until you see it. The bonfire never stopped, and Chen Hu hung high in the sky. The dragon drove to save the northeast, and the war settlement city was completed. Going to the country for disaster has always been * * *. " This Cui Hao has a free and easy way of writing poems. In his eyes, the feelings and things in the frontier not only make people relax a lot, but also are good at capturing those leisurely shots to give you some chic appreciation. This song "To the King" is full of this flavor, which is similar to the "Wild Goose Gate Hutu Song" written by the Hu people in front, but the object is the enemy of the other side and this one. This king is obviously a familiar general. General Yu Lin, who became the king's confidant at the age of 30, was often stationed in the frontier. When the spring breeze blows and the grass is light green, riding and hunting are so chic and casual. I carry a feathered arrow and shoot with a bow and arrow. Hunt elk and chase them into deep valleys, and stop drinking horses in the wilderness in spring. In the excitement of lofty sentiments, drink wine at once and enjoy the freshness of game in the wilderness. Who knows, just before the wine was finished, the enemy bandits actually came to a secluded place again. There are bonfires everywhere in the border post, and the dust raised by military forces everywhere in the enemy's place. The general led his troops into the northeast and finally lifted the war and saved the border town. Going to disaster for the country and the people is a noble character and personality. This has been the case since ancient times! This chic poem is more touching than the one about Hu people, because chic leads to war, wins chic in battle and returns to peace. 3. "Send Chanyu to Peidu to Xihe": "Dance with horses, the autumn city is full. Khan is not near the traffic jam, and everyone wants to go back. Hanyi used fireworks, but Hu Sha lacked Jing Quan. Success requires success, not necessarily years. " Judging from the title of this poem, this Cui Haozhen is an absent-minded and rambling person. He wrote a poem entitled "Sending Khan from Pei Du to Xihe". If I didn't look carefully, I thought Khan had gone to Hexi with Pei Pei. That's weird. Why did the Xiongnu leader go with the Han general? Is it a negotiation or a matter of * *? In fact, the "Khan" here is not the leader of Xiongnu, but the abbreviation of "Khan Hufu" established at that time, and Peidufu is the chief of Khan Hufu. This is Cui Hao's farewell speech. What did Cui Hao say? Mainly praise, blessing and expectation. The first couplet praised Pei Duohu for his graceful demeanor and said that it was a full moon when he left. Zhuan Xu means that the news will surely make the Huns tremble with fear. The Khan who disturbed the border should stay away from our border as soon as possible. Tie is to help Pei Duohu analyze the frontier situation: it must be that our army's post station is frequently windy and smoky, and the enemy's desert water source is very difficult. On the other hand, I earnestly hope that Ma will return the good news as soon as possible after his success, instead of waiting for the news of victory one year later. How confident and heroic are you? 4. "Give a light car": "Go home from a long trip and enjoy the spring. Mulberry in Ji You is green, and silkworm in Luoyang wants to grow old. Remember yesterday's military victory, don't be careless. Bonfires come from the north, and border towns often close early. I have met few people in my life, and there is no need to show my arms. Today, I formed a beautiful friendship with you in a glass of wine. " It seems that this Cui Hao is such a problem. Isn't this the whole problem of "giving a good car"? Is it a poem given to others when they are familiar with it, or a poem that is simple for something? There are four interpretations of the word "light" in ancient times: one is the name of the ancient chariot; The second is a brisk car; The third is the abbreviation of general arrive without pomp; Fourth, the names of ancient arms, just like modern people say "motorized troops" or "motorized divisions" and "motorized regiments". After this list, it is probably clear that the poem "Give a Good Car" was originally the abbreviation of "Give a Good Car to a General". It can be seen at a glance that this poem is for the general who returned to the mainland from the border without pomp. Returning from the distant border is just a long spring day. Walking from the border to the mainland, we can see that mulberry trees are getting greener and silkworms are growing very big in Luoyang. Recalling leaving the military yesterday, it was so hasty and hasty. The smoke from the bonfire comes from the north and can be seen all the way. The border town on the border closes its gates early every day. It's a pity that the generals and teenagers don't know when they are handsome, and their hearts and ambitions for serving the country and the people have not been shown in time. Today, we meet as friends, and we very much hope to make friends with the general. The first impression that Cui Hao gave us was that he was natural and unrestrained when he talked about scraps!

Finally, let's take a moment to appreciate Cui Jun's famous poem "Yellow Crane Tower". The original poem says, "The old man has gone, and only the Yellow Crane Tower in Bai Yunbian is left. The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years. Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass. But I looked home, the twilight was getting thicker, and the river waves were filled with sad mist. " These seven laws can be roughly divided into two layers. The first four sentences are about the loneliness of the immortal's death, and the last four sentences are about the current melancholy of the laity. As for the explanation of myths and legends and geographical things in the poem, I won't go into details. Many other people's explanations are very detailed, which is much better than my nonsense. Readers may wish to see for themselves. I'm just saying the Shinto story handed down from this poem. This poem was widely circulated in the Tang dynasty and was regarded as the best paradigm of the seven laws. In fact, this poem is compared according to the seven commandments, and its awkward sentences and heavy words are taboo. Helpless, this Cui Hao is an expert in creating fields and meanings. The sense of frustration and loss brought by the loneliness of the immortal riding a crane makes you ambiguous. What can you manage? The next thing is that Qingchuan is vividly in front of my eyes, and the grass grows and the warblers fly, which adds to the fairy's thoughts. Then, what followed was the homesickness caused by the yearning for the immortals, and the real worries about the river continued. Aside from Li Bai's later evaluation, do you think this poem should be applauded after reading it? Really good, good lies in its artistic conception. Later, the legend of Li Bai's evaluation made this top-grade poem even better. According to the Biography of Talented Persons in Tang Dynasty, after Cui Hao's poems were written, Li Bai also boarded the Yellow Crane Tower. "When Li Bai came, he said,' I can't see the scenery in front of me, but Cui Hao wrote a poem on it.' Do nothing, gather hands for philosophers. "Cui Hao's poems actually make a poet feel ashamed, and everyone will stop here in the future, which shows the charm of poetry! Later generations textual research, think it seems to be fiction. We also believe this "textual research", let's just consider it fiction. But two things are true: first, Li Bai really swam across the Yellow Crane Tower, as evidenced by a poem: "An old friend said goodbye to the West Yellow Crane Tower, and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. The lonely sail is far from the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. " (The Yellow Crane Tower bid farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou) There is another poem with five words and ten rhymes, "Looking at the Yellow Crane Tower", which can also be used as evidence. Secondly, Li Bai really envies Cui Hao's poems, because at least two of Li Bai's poems are modeled after the Yellow Crane Tower. One is "Nautilus Island", and there is a cloud in the poem, "Parrots have been to Wujiang River, and the name of parrots is spread on Jiangshangzhou. Parrot flies to the west and returns to Changshan. The flowers on Parrot Island are overflowing. Spring breeze and warm clouds bring the fragrance of orchids, and peach blossoms fall into the river to form layers of brocade waves. At this time, the movers are very eye-catching. Who is the lonely moon in Changzhou? " The other is "Climbing the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing", which reads, "The phoenix that once played here is so named after them, but now it has been abandoned to this desolate river. Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine. The mountains are shrouded in clouds, such as blue sky, and the river is divided into two. A cloud rises between the light of heaven and me, hiding his city from my melancholy heart. " Think about it, why did Li Bai imitate Cui Hao's model to write such two songs? He must be very envious and decided to find a theme to try his hand at, so he chose Nautilus Island and Phoenix Terrace as his poem. What is the result? I think this should be two comments. One is Li Bai himself. He must think that writing like Cui Hao is not a problem, let alone a problem. It is the artistic conception of Cui Chenggong. If I had another realm, I would be better than him. Therefore, Li Bai's poems always take meaning as the guide and win in the following time. As for the evaluation of outsiders, I think this imitation of Li is really inferior, so we should warn future generations that imitation is a taboo. But I always feel that apart from this one, Cui Hao's poems are really not excellent. How can it be compared with Li Bai? Later, it was not as good as Li Bai. Was it Cui's arrogance, or was it not always inspired? In fact, one of Cui Hao's poems is only a momentary "accidental realization", while Li Bai's life is a "thorough realization" of magnanimity, and this is the difference between them. So I think of a saying that is often said in Buddhism and Taoism, "wisdom root". I think the root of wisdom is innate, but only the cultivation of the day after tomorrow can stimulate wisdom-that's what I'm talking about. I am thinking about the conditions for the formation of wisdom: newborn children are similar to each other, and it should be said that they all have a good source of wisdom. The remaining question is how to stimulate wisdom. There are two methods in religious circles, one is specialized and the other is qigong practice. The former lies in the realization of wisdom after meditation, while the latter lies in the sublimation of wisdom after meditation. Some friends may ask, how can you become a monk after all this trouble? Don't! I wonder if you have paid attention to the present situation of painters and painters. That kind of concentration is similar to the quietness of Qigong, so they are inspired when drawing books, so they are not only inspired, but also live long. What we call wisdom of Huigen is this kind of inspiration, but the wisdom born under Qigong is a relatively continuous process, while focusing on the inspiration of an event is a short process, and the difference is nothing more. It is probably clear here that learning and writing everything must be accompanied by wisdom or inspiration. With this kind of thing, you can become a saint and reach the realm of Li Bai and Du Fu in poetry. Poets with such internal strength in poetry should also include Wang Wei, Bai Juyi, Li Shangyin, Su Shi, Lu You, Xin Qiji and Li Qing in order. The so-called kung fu is beyond poetry, which is another solution. Whether this analysis and understanding is appropriate or not depends on the reader's own thinking and understanding, so I won't ramble any more.

Now consider the talent, temperament and character of this Cui Hao. Regarding the evaluation of his talent, Old Tang Shu said that he was "brilliant"; The saying in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty is "Words without deeds", which is stuck in virtue and difficult to break. But in any case, we have to believe that Cui Hao's talent is true, because there are poems to prove it. As for how high it is, it seems that it can't surpass Wang Zhihuan and Wang Changling. Only the biography of gifted scholars in the Tang Dynasty said more: "Teenagers are poems, but they are full of gorgeous meanings and often fall into frivolous ways. In the evening, they suddenly became normal, which was awe-inspiring. At first glance, it looks like a fortress, which often drives away rivers and abalone. After visiting Wuchang, board the Yellow Crane Tower and express your feelings. " This is not to say how excellent and high his talent is, but to describe the style characteristics of his poems. As a teenager, his poems were elegant and frivolous. In the later period, the style of writing changed greatly. Not only did he have a noble and upright character, but he also observed the frontier situation in detail, and he had a lot of poems about Rong Travel, which could almost be compared with Jiang Yan and Bao Zhao. And the later poems of the Yellow Crane Tower are taken as evidence, showing a lofty style. In addition, Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty also tells an example of how Cui Hao painstakingly wrote poems, saying that Cui Hao was very thin after his recovery, and his friends joked that he was not ill, which was caused by the pain of poems. Other than these, there is no other record. When it comes to temperament and character, we can only put them together, because there is no difference in historical materials. "Old Tang Book" said: "There are talents, but no scholars. Good Pu Bing, drinking, visiting the capital. Wives and concubines are all good-looking, and they leave if they feel a little uncomfortable. Count four before and after. " The saying in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty is "Words without deeds, people are addicted to alcohol. They only chose beauty when they got married, and Russia abandoned beauty. " The saying in Biography of Talented Talents in the Tang Dynasty is, "However, if you swim almost, you will be addicted to alcohol, choose a beautiful wife, and abandon it if you are not satisfied." As long as you pay a little attention, you can see that all three books are saying that Cui Hao is talented but has no action. There are two examples: First, he likes gambling, drinking and traveling; Second, judge a person by his appearance and take it off repeatedly. These two things should be treated dialectically, even if they are bad deeds. It's definitely not a good thing to have money and drink. There seems to be nothing wrong with a pleasant trip. Should I follow Wan Li Road when reading thousands of books? This should be a good thing. As for choosing a wife by appearance, it seems that it is not the patent of the ancients. Nowadays, many people are looking for wives exclusively by their looks. You can judge freedom of love and marital autonomy, but you can't. Even if you judge, you should go behind others' backs, otherwise you will be suspected of interfering with human rights and freedom. Therefore, as long as it is consensual, it is people's own business to choose each other by what criteria. Besides, in the ancient patriarchal society, how high can we expect Cui Hao to be? Even if he is a little realm, it is impossible to have any practical constraints. But there seems to be one thing to pay attention to. It won't change for a while, will it? Too frequent changes are not conducive to mental health and children's growth. This only refers to China people. Westerners don't seem to care much about the influence of adult remarriage on their former children, because foreigners pay more attention to their own personality and less sacrifice their freedom for the next generation. In their view, the freedom of the next generation is created by themselves, not given and accommodated by the older generation. The mention of Cui Hao judging a book by its cover also makes people suspect that she is lewd. It is said that when Cui Hao was young, one year, Li Yong, a famous scribe and bureaucrat, heard that he would be summoned. When Cui Hao arrived, he even gave him a five-character poem, which read "Marry Wang Chang on 15th". Li Yong was so angry that he left and cursed "children are rude!" At that time, this poem was included in Cui Hao's poetry collection. After reading it, we can know that this is not an obscene poem, but a description of the situation of a married little lady. The title of this poem is Young Women of the Wangs. The original poem said, "Marry Wang Chang on the 15th, and Yingying will enter the painting hall. Be proud of your least years and rely on your husband, A Lang. Love the green of Qianxi and sing Reiko Long Night. If you are idle, you can't make up. " Although the married person is a young woman, she still looks naive and lively because she is still young. There seems to be nothing wrong except the suspicion of early marriage. Therefore, in the end, it is considered that this kind of story probably comes from the legend of the novelist and is not sufficient by analyzing Tang Caizi's biography of school notes. In fact, some individuals are like this. They like to watch the wind and grass, especially those who are easily involved in the erotic news. They are informative, curious and extravagant. Perhaps this is the result of the oriental habit of discriminating against women and the lack of scientific sports health education popularization.

Finally, let's talk about Cui Hao's views on war and military affairs. From the perspective of Frontier fortress and intonation, Cui Hao's views on war and military affairs are not radical. He doesn't want a war in the frontier fortress, nor does he want to be invaded by foreign enemies. What he wants most is a peaceful place without war. This can be seen from the stylistic features of his two poems, Song of the Wild Goose Gate and For the King. Because he is such an attitude that he likes watching frontier fortress rather than war, most of his frontier fortress poems are full of cheerful and stable chanting, which often turns cruelty into sorrow, bitterness into meditation and homesickness into sustenance. This sad and relaxed narrative lyric way should be desirable, but it is not the same. Otherwise, where is the status of Zhang Xun's elegy? Gu summed up this article with a poem: military poetry is late and thick, and its style is light. Bian Rongda's only smile is cold bitterness, and the world is cold Yellow Crane Tower. Family affairs were reported to be unsightly, and Wang Changfu's works were imprisoned. After listening to the rain, the frog is bitter, and the Liao water flows by itself.