A brief introduction to the life of Murong Chao, the last emperor of Southern Yan. How did Murong Chao die?

Murong Chao (384-4 10), whose real name was Zuming, was the nephew of Southern Yan Emperor Murong De, the son of Beihai King Murong Na, and the last emperor of Southern Yan in the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Born in Xiqiang, a ruined aristocrat from Murong family, once pretended to be crazy and sold silly, begging in Chang 'an. After the East returned to Southern Yan, he was named King of Beihai, and before his uncle died, he was named Prince. After he ascended the throne, many aristocratic families rebelled. After he pacified the country, he traveled a lot, wasted money, abused imperial clan ministers and alienated the people. Later, because of plundering the border people of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty came to attack. After losing the game, he stuck to the city and vowed not to surrender. After breaking the city, he was captured and beheaded with thousands of relatives at the age of 27.

Brief introduction of Murong Chao's life

Uncle jindaoben

Murong Chao, whose real name is Zuming, is the son of North Sea King Murong Na and the brother of Southern Yan Emperor Murong De. In the fifth year of Taihe (370 years, six years before Qin Jianyuan), the former Qin Fu Jian attacked Yecheng and the former Yan perished. Fu Jian appointed Murong Na as the prefect of Guangwu. A few years later, Murong Na resigned and settled in Zhangye (now Zhangye, Gansu). In the eighth year of Taiyuan (Jianyuan 19, 383), Murong Denan left the Golden Knife when he conquered the south. When Mu Rongchui, Murong Na's brother, established Houyan in Shandong, Zhang Ye, the former prefect of Qin Dynasty, arrested and killed both Murong Na and Murong De's sons. Murong Na's mother, Gong Sun, was saved from death because of her advanced age. Murong Na's wife, Duan, was pregnant and was held in the county prison, but she was not executed. Hu Yanping, the prison official, turned out to be a small official under Murong De, who committed a capital crime, and Murong De pardoned him. At this point, with the palace, Duan fled to the Qiang residence, gave birth to Murong Chao.

When Murong Chao was ten years old, her grandmother Gongsun died. Before she died, she gave the golden knife to Murong Chao and said, "If the world is peaceful and you can return to Dongxiang, you can return this knife to your uncle Murong De." Hu Yanping took Murong Chao and her son to see King Lv Guang of Hou Liang. After Lu Long took office, he surrendered to Yao Xing, the late Qin emperor, and Murong Chao and his mother moved to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). Murong Chao's mother said to Murong Chao, "The Huyan family saved our lives. Although Hu Yanping is dead now, I intend to marry Hu Yanping's daughter for you to repay Hu Yanping's great kindness. " So Murong Chao married Hu Yanping's daughter.

Murong Chao pretended to be crazy and begged because his uncles were in the East and worried about being arrested by Yao Xing. Qin people looked down on him in the future, only Yao Shao was surprised to see him and advised Yao Xing to use the title to contain him. Yao Xing summoned Murong Chao and talked with him. Murong Chao has been deadpan. Yao Xing despised Murong Chao very much and said to Yao Shao, "This is just an absurd statement that' a swallow's skin is not wrapped in stupid bones'." So Murong Chao can come and go as he pleases. Murongde sent someone to pick up Murong Chao, and Murong Chao took the people back without telling his mother and wife. When he arrived in Optics Valley, Murong Chao flashed his golden knife and told Murong De all his grandmother's dying words. Murong De stroked the golden knife and cried sadly.

The emperor's throne

Murong Chao is eight feet tall, with nine stripes, elegant hair and elegant appearance. Murong De treated him with great courtesy, and began to make him Murong Chao, the king of Beihai, and appointed him assistant minister, general of a title of generals in ancient times, a captain of the division, a government official and an assistant officer. Murong De has no son, and plans to build a mansion for Murong Chao in Wanchunmen with Murong Chao as the heir, and observe it all day long. Murong Chao also understand MuRongDe meaning. At home, he was very interested in serving Murong De. When he was away, he was respectful to the wise men, so both inside and outside praised him. Soon after, he was made a prince.

In the first year of Yixi (Jianping, Southern Yan, six years, 405), Murong De died, Murong Chao became emperor, and the title was changed to the Emperor's Father. Mrs Murong De Duan is the Empress Dowager. Murong Zhong was appointed as the commander-in-chief of Chinese and foreign armies, recording the affairs of ministers, Murong Fa as the military affairs commander of Zhengnan, Yanzhou, Yangzhou and Sizhou, Murong Town as the third division of Kaifuyi and Shangshuling, Fu Ren as Taiwei, Ju Zhongren, Pan Cong as Dr. Zuo Guanglu, and Song Ren as the official of ministers. Others were awarded different titles. Later, Murong Zhong was appointed as Qingzhou Pastor, and was appointed as the secretariat. On the fifth floor of Gongsun, he was appointed as General Wuwei, and concurrently served as a captain of Tunqi to participate in government affairs. Feng Fu said to Murong Chao, "I heard that the five kinds of people, Prince, Mother-in-law, Childe, Gongsun and Lai Shizhengqing, should not be stationed in the border areas, and these five kinds of lowly people with humble origins, young age, distant relationships, junior qualifications and low status should not serve in the court. Murong Zhong is the minister and patron saint of the country. Duan Hong is a consort with a good reputation, and people close to the sage pay tribute to him. These two people should participate in and assist in the handling of state affairs, and should not go far away to govern remote areas. Now Murong Zhong and others are out of the way, and the fifth floor of Gongsun is in the imperial court to assist in state affairs, and the ministers feel uneasy. " Murong Chaogang acceded to the throne, fearing that Murong Zhong's influence would be threatened, so he took this matter to ask the fifth floor of Gongsun, who wanted to be arbitrary and didn't want Murong Zhong and others to sow discord in the court many times, and Feng Fu's opinion was not adopted. Murong Zhong and both looked unfair and said to each other, "I'm afraid the yellow dog skin will eventually make up the fox hair." After hearing this sentence on the fifth floor of Gongsun, the feud between the two gradually arose.

Break the chaos and lose the government.

Initially, Murong Chao came to Fu Liang from Chang 'an, and Murong Fa was a shepherd in Yanzhou at that time. Shi Yueshou, the duke, came back from school and said to Murong Fa, "I met the son of Beihai King the other day. His talent is elegant and distinguished, and he realizes that there are many strange people in the royal family, and the forest of fairyland is all strange caves. " Murong said, "When Fang Zi pretended to be Wang Wei, no one could tell the truth from the falsehood. Is this still the royal family? " Hearing this, the Murong Chao bears a grudge against MuRongFa, and all the words and expressions are obvious. MuRongFa also great anger, Murong Chao in the living room, two people make an enemy. MuRongDe died, MuRongFa didn't mourn, Murong Chao sent someone to condemn MuRongFa. Murong Fa was often afraid of disasters, so he rebelled with Murong Zhong, Duan Hong and others. When Murong Chao knew about it, he called them together, but Murong Zhong refused to come, so Murong Chao arrested and killed their comrades-in-arms, Murong Tong, right-back Murong Gen and Feng Duan riding an ordinary horse, and smashed his servant outside the East Gate. Rong Feng, the commander of the Western Regions, defected to the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Soon, Murong Chao sent Murong Town and others to attack Qingzhou, Murong Yu and others attacked Xuzhou, and Murong Ning and Han Fan attacked Fu Liang. Murong Yu and others attacked Junan City and took it by surprise. Xuzhou secretariat of Duan Hong, defected to the Northern Wei Dynasty. Rong Feng also recruited thieves to attack Shisai City and killed General Yu Yu of Zhenxi. People in Qingzhou area are very scared, and everyone has other ideas in their hearts. Murong Ning intends to kill Han Fan and prepare to attack Optics Valley. When Han Fan knew about it, he attacked Murong Ning, who fled to Fu Liang. Han Fan annexed Murong Ningjun and captured Fu Liang. Murong Ning defected to Yao Xing, and Murong Fa fled to the Northern Wei Dynasty. When Murong Town conquered Qingzhou, Murong Zhong killed his wife and children, dug a tunnel out of Qingzhou and rode to Yao Xing alone.

At that time, Murong Chao didn't care about politics and loved to go out hunting, and the people suffered greatly. His servant Han protested bluntly, but Murong Chao didn't accept it. Murong Chao intended to restore corporal punishment and the nine-rank official system, so he issued an imperial edict at home, saying, "Bad luck is more entangled, and Yongkang suffers more disasters. Since the fall of the northern capital, the laws have been reduced and the laws have not existed. Governing the world is fundamental. Since people cannot be induced by morality, they must be purified by punishment. Besides, the Great Sage like Yu Shun ordered the thief to be an official, and the punishment could not be abolished! The first emperor was revived, the great cause was launched, there were more wars, and it was too late to amend the code. I was ashamed of virtue, inherited the throne, and lacked a good strategy of appeasement and control, which led to brothers killing and constant disputes, and finally led to rural war and the abandonment of laws and regulations. Now there are no worries on all sides, and the code should be modified. Shangshu can call or agree. For a disloyal and unfilial person like Song Feng, beheading in public is not enough to express his hatred. He should be given the criminal law of boiling and chopping cars, or he can be attached to the provisions of the law and put under the death penalty. Corporal punishment is the norm of ancient saints and cannot be changed. After the reform of Emperor Wendi, the severity was out of control. Now more people commit crimes and more people die. Corporal punishment is widely used in education, relief and parenting, and the punishment is particularly severe. When I was young and successful, both my ancestors and my ancestors considered restoration, but they died before it could be implemented. People with a doctor's degree or above are asked to refer to the past, increase or decrease according to Lu's punishment and the laws of Han, Wei and Jin dynasties, and negotiate and formulate strict laws. There are three thousand kinds of five punishments, and nothing is more serious than unfilial. Confucius said, "Those who are not saints cannot, and those who are unfilial have no relatives. This is a chaotic practice. "The two punishments, chopping and cooking, are not in the five-product regulations, but they have been implemented since ancient times. Qu Mi's Car Crack was written in Spring and Autumn Annals. Cooking punishment for mourning for the public originated in the Middle Ages. Sejong, whose capital is Qi, also lamented the loss of his sentence, eating and sighing while sleeping. The emperor has a criminal law, just like a man has a right hand. Therefore, Confucius said,' The punishment is inappropriate, and most people don't even know what to do with every move.' Therefore, Xiao He was rewarded for making laws, and Uncle Sun Tong was respected for making etiquette. Since ancient times, we have attached importance to architectural achievements. It is hoped that the increase or decrease of laws and regulations can be clearly discussed in order to formulate a generation of good laws. There were Gong Shi in the Zhou Dynasty and Han Dynasty, and Wei Jianli established the system of selecting nine categories. Which is better can also be played in detail. "Most of the princes disagree, and Murong Chao will forget about it.

Welcome mother and wife back.

Murong Chao's mother and wife were originally in Chang 'an and were detained by Yao Xing. Yao Xing made Murong Chao submit to him, demanding a too happy showgirl. If not, he will send someone from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to send 1,000 people. Murong Chao issued imperial edicts to ministers, demanding a thorough discussion of the matter. The left servant shot Duan Hui and said, "Liu Taigong was imprisoned by Xiang Yu, but Liu Bang did not change his mind. Since your majesty has inherited the throne, he should not lower the dignity of the emperor because of his relatives. Besides, Le Tai's showgirls are all performers of the previous generation, so we can't leave them to change their customs. It is best to rob them of gold. " Zhang Hua, a senior minister, said: "If we invade the border of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it will definitely constitute the resentment of neighboring countries. Since we can invade them here, they can invade us there, and constant war disasters are not the well-being of the country. In the past, Sun Quan put human life first and wronged himself to submit to Wei. Hui Shi Reiko's life, abandon ambition and respect. Besides, your majesty's mother is still in the later Qin Dynasty. So she should temporarily lower her title to show her sincerity and filial piety. The way of contingency is praised by the classics. Han Fan's ingenuity can change the situation, and his machine argument is enough to dump the other side. Once upon a time, he and Yao Xing were the princes of the former Qin Dynasty. You can send him to send a message, demote and seek reconciliation. As the saying goes, one person bends down and ten thousand people stretch up. " Murong Chao was very happy and said, "Zhang Shangshu understands my heart." Let Han Fan find Yao Xingtong to fix it.

When he arrived in Chang 'an, Yao Xing said to Han Fan, "When Feng Kai came, the Prince and I used to be polite to each other. You have come, but naturally you have attachment. Is it because of the principle of big things and small things in Spring and Autumn Annals, or because of filial piety? " Han Fan said: "There were five titles in the Zhou Dynasty. The tastes of princes and kings were different, and the etiquette of small things was great." Now your Majesty is a famous emerging emperor, who owns the Western Qin Dynasty. This dynasty inherited the achievements left by its ancestors, and established Wang Ye in Eastern Qi, sharing the world equally with your majesty. * * * is the king and the emperor. The prince reconciled with his majesty and advocated humility and righteousness. If he is arrogant and humiliated at will, it is much like Wu and Jin vying for the position of the leader and Teng and Xue vying for the high position. Afraid of hurting the prestige of Daqin and the beauty of Emperor Yan, both sides are useless. I feel uneasy about this. "Yao Xing said angrily," if you really like what you said, not just because this is a small matter. "Han Fan said:" Although it is because of the principle of minimizing major issues. It is also because our monarch has more pure filial piety than Yu Shun. I hope your majesty will abide by the principle of filial piety and show more compassion. Yao Xing said, "I haven't seen Jia Sheng for a long time." . I thought I was ahead of him, but now I can't. "So I arranged the etiquette of an old friend for Han Fan and chatted about his life experience. Yao Xing said to Han Fan, "I met him when I was a prince. He is good-looking, but he is not good at cleverness and debate. "Han Fan said:" The debate is too slow, which is praised by the sage. Besides, the prince has not yet become an emperor, and he is waiting for the opportunity. If he walked leisurely in the sun and moon, he would not inherit the great cause. Yao Xing smiled and said, "You can say that you are here to spread praise. "Han Fan took the opportunity to lobby, and Yao Xing was very happy to give Han Fan a daughter and promised to return Murong Chao's mother and son.

Murong Ning came to Yao Xing from Fu Liang and said to Yao Xing, "The prince's intention is not to support Gao De and Mingjun, but to fall for his mother. The ancient emperor also wanted to launch an army to take hostages, how could he send his mother back for nothing! As soon as his mother comes back, Murong Chao will definitely stop being a vassal. He should be ordered to send the geisha back to his mother. " Yao Xing changed his mind and sent messengers to meet Murong Chao. Murong Chao sent his servant Zhang Hua and Yuan to Chang 'an and gave them to Yao Xingtai's 120 musicians. Yao Xing was very happy and hosted a banquet for Zhang Hua. After drinking the wine, the song and dance began. Yin Ya, assistant minister of Huangmen, Yao Xing, said to Zhang Hua: "I thought that when the Yin Dynasty was about to die, the musicians returned to Zhou; Now the morality of the emperor and the Qin dynasty is booming, and Le Yan came to the court. Signs of decline and prosperity are seen at this point. " Zhang Hua said: "Since ancient times, Emperor Wang Zhidao is different, and his cunning and cunning lies in his political achievements. So Lao Tzu said,' If you want to possess it, you must give it up first.' Now, if you always go to the west, you will definitely go back to the East like a worm, which is a sign! Yao Xing said angrily, "Once upon a time, Qi and Chu fought against each other, which led to years of war. You are a courtier of a small country, how dare you contradict your courtier! " Zhang Hua said modestly: "I was ordered to be an envoy because I sincerely hope to make friends with the upper countries." Since the kingdom abandoned the courtiers of the small country and insulted our monarch and country, what else can I think of? I can't even reply to you! Yao Xing was very happy, so he returned Murong Chao and her son. "。

Exclusive rights on the fifth floor

On the first day of the first month, Rong Chao called a large group of ministers in Dongyang Hall. Hearing the singing and dancing, he lamented that the music and dancing were incomplete, regretted giving the geisha to Yao Xing, and discussed the invasion. The Han general remonstrated, saying, "The first emperor was lost in old Beijing, and was hidden in the March 7th. If fate doesn't allow it, smart people won't consider taking action. Now your majesty abides by the rules, so he should close his doors and raise his troops and wait for a godsend opportunity. He can't make enemies with his southern neighbors and make enemies widely. " Murong Chao said, "I've made up my mind. I won't talk nonsense with you." So he sent generals Hu Guti, Gong Sungui and others to lead the cavalry to invade, capture Su Yu alive, capture Liu Qianzai and Xu Ruan, the satrap of the rising tone, and leave after looting. Jane chose 2,500 men and women and gave them to Mrs. Yue to teach singing and dancing.

At that time, on the fifth floor, Gongsun was an assistant middle school official and minister, General Zuo Wei, who specialized in handling state affairs. His younger brother, Gongsun, was the top scholar and Changshan Gong, and his uncle, Gongsun, was a martial artist and a happy man. The kinsmen and brothers on the fifth floor of Gongsun were all around Murong Chao to assist the national politics, and there was no one inside and outside the maharaja who was not afraid of Gongsun's fifth floor.

Murong Chao's contribution to Su Yu, Hu Guti and other people's attacks is to seal counties. Murong Zhen remonstrated: "I heard that those who have meritorious deeds are rewarded, but those who have no merit are not rewarded." Now Sun Gui is in trouble, sending troops to fight and killing people. Your majesty rewarded him, which probably won't work! Advice is hard to listen to, and people who are not close will not say it. Although I am ignorant and decadent, I will try my best to be the king of a country. I hope your majesty will consider my words. "Murong Chao was very angry and didn't answer. From then on, all the officials did not speak or dare to say anything.

Shangshu made Wang Shiyan flatter Gongsun on the fifth floor, promoted him to Shang Shulang, became the prefect of Jinan, and later became Zuo Cheng, a Shangshu. At that time, people commented on him: "I want to seal the marquis and serve the fifth floor."

Store and treat the enemy

Murong Chao sent Gong Sungui and others to invade Jinan with 3,000 cavalry, captured Zhao Yuan, the magistrate of Jinan, and took away more than 1,000 men and women before leaving. Emperor Wu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty prepared to lead an army to crusade against Murong Chao, and Murong Chao convened his ministers in Dongyang Hall to discuss the anti-gold issue. On the fifth floor, Sun said, "A quick victory is good for fighting. At first, he was brave and clever, so he couldn't compete with them. We will occupy the big cave, keep them out, stall with them and ruin their spirit. Then you can slowly select 2,000 elite cavalry, go south along the seashore, cut off their grain and grass transportation, and order Duan Hui to lead Yanzhou's army to attack eastward along the hillside and slam them in the back. This is the best policy. Order the local officials to stick to it by the dangers and obstacles, calculate the materials to be stored, burn all the rest, eradicate the crops in the field, and leave no supplies for the enemy. It is the middle policy to stand firm and clear the field and wait for the opportunity. Put the thief in the big hole and let's go out of the city to fight. "

Murong Chao said, "Kyoto is rich and has a large population, so we can't station troops immediately. There are young crops everywhere in the field, so we can't eradicate them all. I can't defend the capital by rooting out seedlings to save my life. Now it has occupied the territory of five States, with mountains and rivers, chariots and horses. Even if the enemy is allowed to climb over the mountains and reach the flat ground, we will attack them slowly with elite cavalry, and they will become prisoners. " Murong Chao didn't listen to He Lailu's advice. After he retired from the DPRK, he came to the fifth floor of Gongsun and said, "Without my plan, the emperor will soon perish." Murong Zhen said: "If the imperial edict says that it is convenient to use war horses on the plains, we should go out to fight. Even if we can't win, we can still retreat. You shouldn't put the enemy in a cave and ask for embarrassment. Cheng was finally surrendered by Han Xin because he couldn't keep Jingxing Pass. Zhuge Zhan did not occupy the pass, and was finally captured by Wargo. I think sticking to Daxian is the best policy, because the weather is not as good as the right place. " Murong Chao wouldn't listen. When Murong came out of the town, he said to Han, "Master, don't cut the grass, don't guard the pass, and don't move people to avoid the enemy. Really like Liu Zhang. This year, the country will perish, and I will definitely die for it. You China men have to get tattoos like Wuyue people again. " Murong Chao was very angry after hearing these words. He arrested Murong Town and put him in prison. Murong Chao gathered defenders from Jun 'an and Fu Liang, built a moat, chose simple military force and waited for the arrival of the enemy.

After Qin asked for help,

In the summer of the same year (five years in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, five years in Southern Yan, 409), Emperor Wu of Song's troops entered Dongguan, and Murong Chao sent Zuo Jun Duan Hui, Fuguo and Lailu to lead 50,000 infantry cavalry into Linqu. Soon, the Jin army crossed Daxian, and Murong Chao was afraid. He led 40,000 soldiers to Linqu, approached Duan Hui and others, and said to the fifth floor of Gongsun, "It's time for us to enter the Sichuan Academy. After the Jin army arrived, there was no water, so we couldn't fight. " On the fifth floor, Gongsun Sheng led the cavalry to quickly occupy Chuanyuan. Meng, the former general of Emperor Wu of Song, has arrived in Chuanyuan, and Gong Sun won or lost on the fifth floor. Emperor Wu of song sent people to discuss joining the army, and Tan Shao led the elite military forces to break through Linqu. Murong Chao was so scared that he rode alone and fled to the south of the city. Duan Yu's army was defeated again, and Emperor Wu of Song's army killed Duan Yu. Murong Chao once again fled back to Optics Valley, moved all the people out of town into the small town, and sent his Shang Shulang Zhang Gang to Yao Xing for reinforcements. Released Murong Town, promoted to Shangshu, commander-in-chief of Chinese and foreign military affairs. Murong Chao summoned ministers and apologized to Murong Town, saying, "I inherited the great cause initiated by our ancestors, but I acted willfully because I failed to appoint a sage. The spilled water can't come back. I regret it! Wise people must show their strategies in times of crisis, and loyal officials must establish ethics in the face of disasters. I hope you will try your best to come up with unexpected ways to tide over the difficulties together. "

Murong Yan said to him, "The heart is only in your majesty. Now your majesty personally led the army and fled first, and the ministers lost confidence. Scholars and people are discouraged, and the internal and external situation is no longer reliable. If the late Qin Dynasty had its own internal worries, I'm afraid it would be too late to divide our forces and rescue others. We're just fighting for our destiny. Now thousands of stragglers are back. You can reward everyone with all the gold silks and ladies-in-waiting, so as to guide and order everyone to fight. If God helps us, it will be enough to break thieves. If you don't succeed, death is worth it. You can't close the door and wait for the enemy to surround you. " Stuart Murong Hui said, "Otherwise. Now 8 jin j victory after victory, momentum like a rainbow, how can we these defeated generals resist! Although the end of Qin Dynasty was at loggerheads with Helian Bobo in summer, it was not enough. Besides, Qin Yan and the two countries joined forces to resist the enemy, which has become an interdependent situation. Now that we have a foreign invasion, the later Qin will definitely come to the rescue. However, since ancient times, people have asked for something, and they can't send ministers or invite heavy troops. Therefore, Zhao's junior ministers invited them three times, but Chu did not send troops; No sooner had Ping Yuanjun gone out than reinforcements came and cleared the way. Shangshu gave Han Fan a high moral prestige. He is a respected person of Yan Qin Dou. It is suitable to be sent to ask for help to tide over the current difficulties. " So he sent Han Fan and Wang Pu to Yao Xing for help.

The besieged golden army

Soon, the army of Emperor Wu of Song besieged Guanggu City and surrounded it. Someone secretly told Emperor Wu of Song's army: "If you let Zhang Gang attack the city, the city can attack." That month, Zhang Gang came back from Chang 'an and defected to Emperor Wu of Song. Emperor Wu of Song asked Zhang Gang to shout around the city, saying, "Helian Bobo has broken Qin Jun, and no reinforcements have come to save us." Mr. Murong was furious and shot him with a dark arrow before Zhang Gang retreated. Zhang Hua, the right servant, and Feng Kai, Zhong Cheng, were both captured by Emperor Wu of Song's army. Emperor Wu of song asked Zhang Hua and Feng Kai to write to Murong Chao, urging Murong Chao to surrender as soon as possible. Murong Chao wrote to Emperor Wu of Song, asking him to be a vassal, taking Daxian as the edge and offering a thousand horses for peace. Emperor Wu of song disagreed. Jiangnan reinforcements followed. Senior minister Zhang Jun came back from Chang 'an and surrendered to Emperor Wu of Song. He said to Emperor Wu of Song: "The reason why Yan people are still sticking to it now is because they rely on Han Fan outside and hope to get help from Qin people. Han Fan is not only a prestigious person, but also an old friend of Yao Xing. If Helian Bobo is defeated, Qin people will definitely come to save Yan people. We should write a secret letter to seduce Han Fan and promise to pay a heavy profit. When Han Fan surrenders, Yan people will despair and naturally surrender. "

Emperor Wu of song listened to his suggestion, recommended Han Fan as a regular attendant of Sanda, and wrote a letter to Han Fan to attract him. At that time, Yao Xing had sent general Yao Qiang to lead ten thousand infantry cavalry to Luoyang with Han Fan to join general Yao Shao and rescue him together. As Helian Bobo defeated Qin Jun, Yao Xing returned to Chang 'an with Yao Qiang. Han Fan sighed: "The sky will destroy the swallow!" Han Fan just received a letter from Emperor Wu of Song and surrendered to Emperor Wu of Song. Emperor Wu of Song said to Han Fan, "If you want to be as successful as Shen, why did you leave empty-handed?" Han Fan said, "My ancestors are dead, and I owe it to the Prince of Yan forever, so I went for help to save Yan in from the mire. It happened that many changes have taken place in the Qin dynasty, but my sincerity has not received any effect. It can be said that God wants to destroy Yan and help Gong Ming. Smart people play it by ear, how dare I not come! " The next day, Emperor Wu of song took Han Fan around the city, and the Yan people dispersed, afraid, and no longer had persistent thoughts. Emperor Wu of Song said to Han Fan, "Go downtown and tell Murong Chao about life and death." Han Fan said, "Although I appreciate your extraordinary kindness, I still can't bear to conspire." Emperor Wu of song praised this, without reluctance. People around him advised Murong Chao to kill all the Han Fan families, in case there were any traitors in the future. Murong Chao knew that he would soon fail, because Han Fan's younger brother Yan Hanzhuo was loyal and unfaithful, so he didn't blame him. There was a bloody rain in Donglai this year, and ghosts cried at the gate of Guanggu.

How did Murong Chao die?

The following year (six years in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, six years in Southern Yan, 4 10), on the first day of the first month, Murong Chao went to Tianmen, summoned the ministers in the city, killed horses and rewarded soldiers, and promoted officials. Mrs Wei, Murong Chao's favorite concubine, followed Chengtou, saw the strength of 8 jin j, took Murong Chao's hand, and they both cried. Han Zhuogui remonstrated, "Your Majesty is in trouble. It's time to do your best, but it's too vulgar to cry at the woman! " Murong Chao wiped away her tears and apologized to Han. Ministers ordered Dong Rui to persuade Murong Chao to surrender from the city. Murong Chao was so angry that he arrested Dong Rui and put him in prison. It's not good for Helailu and Gongsunwu to dig tunnels and go out to fight the imperial army. Hejian people say to you, "Once upon a time, Zhao attacked Cao Ben, but those who watched the gas thought that the backwater besieged the city and could not attack it. If wulongkou is blocked, the city will naturally fall. Shi Hu listened to this suggestion, and as a result Cao Ben demanded surrender. Later, Murong Ke besieged Duan Xiaosheng and did the same. Duan Xiaosheng surrendered. Not long after the surrender, wulongkou was shaken off again. Now that the old base is still there, it can be blocked. "

Liu Yu listens to metaphysics. At this time, more than half of the men and women in the city suffer from foot weakness. Murong Chao climbed to the top of the city in a chariot, and Shangshu Yueshou said to Murong Chao, "Heaven and earth are heartless, helping the enemy and bandits to abuse, and the soldiers are ill. Weakening day by day, trapped in an empty city, hopeless foreign aid, right time and right place, we can know from now on. If the national luck dries up, Yao and Shun give way, turn disaster into joy and worship saints. It is best to follow the footsteps of Xu and Zheng to save the heirs of the clan. " Murong Chao sighed and said, "Rise and fall are destiny. I would rather die by the sword than surrender to survive. " At that time, Zhang Gang made a car for Emperor Wu of Song. The car was covered with boards and leather, and all kinds of ingenious organs were set up at the same time. Flint bows and arrows are useless in the city; He also made flying towers, hanging ladders, wooden curtains and the like, and approached Chengtou as soon as possible. Murong Chao was so angry that he hanged Zhang Gang's mother and dismembered her. People in the city came out to surrender. Emperor Wu of song attacked from all directions, killing and injuring many enemies. Yue Shou opened the gate to accept Emperor Wu of Song's army. Murong Chao and dozens of people around him fled the city and were caught by Emperor Wu of Song's army. Emperor Wu of song said Murong Chao didn't surrender, Murong Chao smiled and said nothing, only entrusted his mother to Liu. Murong Chao was escorted to Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and Southern Yan perished. Murong Chao was beheaded at the market at the age of 26. After Murong Chao's death, there was no posthumous title or temple name. Historians called him the last Lord of Southern Yan. At the same time, besides Tuguhun, Murong Chao was the last emperor who originated from the Murong Department of Xianbei during the period of Wuhu and Sixteen Countries.