The history of commercial atrium

1. Why should the mall set up an atrium? Atrium in commercial environment is a non-commercial open space in commercial environment. Because of its comfortable leisure environment, combined with entertainment activities, leisure facilities and cultural display, it has become a happy place in the city and an important place for citizens' leisure life, and is known as the "city living room". It provides a space for people to rest, communicate, visit and meet, and at the same time, it also organizes people's transportation efficiently. This kind of indoor open space has the functions of solving traffic distribution, integrating multiple functions, organizing environmental landscape, improving public facilities and providing information exchange. It is of great significance to communicate with consumers anytime and anywhere, and to convey business information and trends to people, so as to improve the efficiency of shopping activities and develop commercial value.

Atrium injects new vitality into modern commercial building space. Because atrium space is a wonderful climax of commercial building space image, and it is also an important place to create a unique commercial atmosphere. Here, the creation of space art makes the atrium form a unique and unique landscape center of the whole commercial building.

As a multi-storey courtyard with glass roof inside the building, the atrium is the transportation hub space of the whole building, with many vertical vehicles. People from different directions meet and get together here. At the same time, it is also a place for people to rest, watch and communicate, which makes the atrium form a diversified activity space. Therefore, atrium is different from ordinary indoor space, which completely changes the traditional concept of indoor space in scale, form and content.

2. The function of shopping center atrium has the functions of solving traffic distribution, integrating multiple functions, organizing environmental landscape, improving public facilities and providing information exchange. It is of great significance to communicate with consumers anytime and anywhere, and to convey business information and trends to people, so as to improve the efficiency of shopping activities and develop commercial value.

Extended data:

Characteristics of atrium in shopping center:

1, coordination, shopping center design objectives should be clear and definite, the space ratio should be appropriate, and unified. The scale of space should be unified as much as possible, especially the design around the atrium should pay more attention to the coordination of space to avoid giving consumers a sense of dispersion and disorder.

2, line of sight guidance, atrium lighting design, the purpose is to attract consumers' line of sight, guide the upward effect, and attract shoppers upstairs. The moving line design of the atrium should go straight to the top floor, and the moving line of the shopping mall space can be seen at a glance through each escalator, which better embodies the characteristics of the intersection of moving lines.

3. Diversion and convergence, the design of streamline in space should have clear guidance, and the detention space should have a sense of cohesion and enclosure. When consumers wander around the shopping area, they will lose their sense of direction more or less, so the function of atrium is displayed. It should have the characteristics of shopping center space, attract the attention of shoppers, and enable shoppers to clearly know their position in the space.

Baidu encyclopedia-business atrium

3. Why should the mall set up an atrium in the commercial environment, which is a non-commercial open space in the commercial environment?

Because of its comfortable leisure environment, combined with entertainment activities, leisure facilities and cultural display, it has become a happy place in the city and an important place for citizens' leisure life, and is known as the "city living room". It provides a space for people to rest, communicate, visit and meet, and at the same time, it also organizes people's transportation efficiently.

This kind of indoor open space has the functions of solving traffic distribution, integrating multiple functions, organizing environmental landscape, improving public facilities and providing information exchange. It is of great significance to communicate with consumers anytime and anywhere, and to convey business information and trends to people, so as to improve the efficiency of shopping activities and develop commercial value.

Atrium injects new vitality into modern commercial building space. Because atrium space is a wonderful climax of commercial building space image, and it is also an important place to create a unique commercial atmosphere.

Here, the creation of space art makes the atrium form a unique and unique landscape center of the whole commercial building. As a multi-storey courtyard with glass roof inside the building, the atrium is the transportation hub space of the whole building, with many vertical vehicles.

People from different directions meet and get together here. At the same time, it is also a place for people to rest, watch and communicate, which makes the atrium form a diversified activity space.

Therefore, atrium is different from ordinary indoor space, which completely changes the traditional concept of indoor space in scale, form and content.

4. Short answer to the history of business evolution: examine the meaning of the question and answer the main points. If you can't remember sometimes, just like asking a political question, answer the question according to its meaning. In fact, the most important thing in history is the back, such as the general course, cause and significance of historical events. It is best to know about it;

It is best to read some supplementary analysis of events that are not explained in detail in textbooks in reference books, and at least have an impression;

Also, when reading a book, you'd better make a comparison of similar historical events yourself. What are the similarities and differences? For example, you can compare the similarities of social and economic development reasons between the two dynasties (political stability, national unity, productivity development, stable surrounding environment, measures taken by rulers to promote production, and increased foreign exchanges, etc.). ), or the similarities and differences between the two reforms or reforms.

The occurrence time of historical events should be clear, even if it is difficult to remember, try to remember, at least know the sequence of events;

After a topic is finished, change your answer to whale killing cases and standards.

5. Where does the atrium space design of commercial complex begin? Facilities can be regarded as accessories of atrium space interface in commercial complex buildings, which is an important means for atrium space to create environmental atmosphere and form site characteristics.

Facilities include various transportation facilities, lighting facilities, customer rest facilities, service facilities, display facilities, signs and instructions. The facilities in the atrium space system of commercial complex buildings provide customers with various services, attract customers to stay and stimulate their desire for consumption, and create a good shopping environment and business atmosphere.

The design of facilities is directly related to the psychological needs of customers. In the previous point, we have made some elaboration on transportation facilities, and here we mainly analyze lighting facilities and customer service facilities.

(1) The top interface of the atrium space of lighting facilities is generally enclosed by glass, and the lighting is mostly through natural light, but it is also inseparable from the supplement of artificial lighting facilities. Artificial lighting can not only meet the lighting conditions needed by people's activities, but also be used as decoration to increase the interest of indoor environment. Generally speaking, there are three ways to arrange indoor lighting in the atrium: 1) overall lighting: in the atrium space, it has to be the lighting of the whole space; 2) Local lighting: in a small area, it is flexible to use individual lighting for various objects; 3) Lighting combined with overall lighting and local lighting: Generally, it is formed by combining weak overall lighting and local lighting. This kind of lighting has strong flexibility and is often used in the atrium of commercial buildings.

The forms of lighting lamps are classified according to different positions and functions, and different functions have different lamp shapes. Atrium space is often combined with indoor and outdoor lamps to enhance the visual effect of atrium landscape.

(2) Service facilities To attract customers to stay shopping for a long time, the necessary service facilities in the atrium are essential. It includes rest seating facilities, signs, children's games and hosting facilities.

Different requirements have different facilities. Rest facilities are extremely important for commercial complex buildings.

Shopping activities are easy to make people physically and mentally exhausted. Only by creating good conditions for people to sit down can they stay for a long time and then continue shopping, communication and other activities. Otherwise, people will come and go in a hurry and never go shopping again.

This not only means that people stay in the store for a short time, but also means that many valuable activities, exchanges and potential shopping possibilities of the sign facilities in the commercial atrium in Figure 4.25 are stifled. Therefore, the atrium space should properly ensure adequate and comfortable pictures. Source: the author takes a selfie (the rest facilities in the Far East of Singapore are reasonably distributed.

When choosing a seat, people usually need a certain sense of privacy, territory, security and subordination. In the design, the small spaces in the atrium, such as recesses and corners, should be properly considered, which can support people and provide a friendly, safe and good microclimate environment. Rest facilities are divided into two categories: basic seats and auxiliary seats. Basic seats refer to chairs and stools. On the one hand, it should be designed to provide all kinds of urgently needed customers, on the other hand, it should also prevent the depression that may be caused when the demand for seats is small; Auxiliary seats refer to appropriate settings, such as steps, low walls, flower ponds, etc. Can respond to temporary needs well and play other roles reasonably with few users.

Customers need other facilities, such as children's games and sports facilities. In the atrium of Shanghai Qiancun Department Store, children's play facilities show the good feelings of the shopping mall to customers on the one hand, and the use and appreciation of customers on the other hand.

Multiple functions. In addition, the atrium is often equipped with T-shaped platforms, booths, stages and other facilities according to the source of commercial success: the needs of commercial activities, so as to enliven the atmosphere in the commercial complex and encourage consumers' shopping behavior.

6. The course of business development (1) The development of China's ancient commodity economy: in the pre-Qin period, businessmen were good at doing business, and later generations called those who did business "businessmen"; Shang dynasty used shellfish as currency; The capital of Shang Dynasty has become a prosperous commercial city, known as "the wing of Shang Dynasty, the pole of all directions".

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, commerce was developed, and local products exchanged needed goods. In the Central Plains market, you can buy ivory in the south, horses in the north, fish salt in the east and leather in the west. Many cities have become prosperous commercial centers, such as Linzi in Qi, Handan in Zhao and Ying in Chu. Many famous businessmen appeared, such as Fan Li ("Tao Zhugong") in the late Spring and Autumn Period and Lv Buwei in the late Warring States Period. (2) Southern and Northern Dynasties: During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, many cities were destroyed by war and the commodity economy developed slowly; After the Northern Wei Dynasty, the northern commodity economy recovered. In contrast, the southern commodity economy is relatively active.

During the Northern Wei Dynasty, there were many markets in Luoyang, including a big market in Fiona Fang. Some wealthy businessmen, dajia, travel around the world or go far away. There are many Tang shops in Jiankang (Nanjing) four cities. Business travel gathered on both sides of Qinhuai River, and the transaction was prosperous.

Grass market (rural market) began to appear, which has two meanings: one is the market selling horse feed; The second is a city composed of grass and grass. (3) Sui and Tang Dynasties: the commercialization of agricultural products increased, especially the market of tea was extensive, and the government began to levy tea tax in the middle of Tang Dynasty; The four characteristics of commerce in Sui and Tang Dynasties are as follows: first, the traffic is developed (there are private shops on the main road to receive businessmen and "post donkeys" for businessmen to ride; Water transport, mainly canals and the Yangtze River, is also very convenient; Chang 'an, Dengzhou, Yangzhou and Guangzhou are also well-developed in external transportation); Second, currency unification (from five baht to Kaiyuan Bao Tong); Third, the market is developed (fixed location-city; Official management-prices and taxes, etc. ; Didian counter store-Didian also operates hotels, warehouses and trading places, and counter stores specialize in currency deposits and loans; Store limit-business area; Time limit-the trading hours of the city; Night market grass market-there are night markets in prosperous big cities and grass markets held regularly in remote rural areas); Fourth, there are many businessmen (big businessmen, Chinese businessmen, small businessmen, Hu businessmen and foreign businessmen).

(4) Song and Yuan Dynasties: There was a new turning point in commerce in the Northern Song Dynasty. Its performance is as follows: ① the restrictions on the time and space of commercial activities have been lifted.

(2) The government allows businessmen to "buy officials with capital", and the status of businessmen is improved, forming a trend of gradual integration of landlords, bureaucrats and businessmen. (3) The proportion of business tax revenue in the government revenue structure has greatly increased.

(4) develop the market in the town and expand the urban business district to the outside of the city. ⑤ The development of urban leisure culture, such as the appearance of diaosi and the development of Song Ci.

Among the financial measures of Wang Anshi's political reform, there is a "market exchange law" set up by the government, which is conducive to stabilizing prices and commodity exchange and increasing national income. (5) Ming Dynasty: In the early Qing Dynasty, the planting area of cash crops such as cotton, sericulture, tea and oil was expanded, and some specialized production areas were formed, which promoted the commercialization of agricultural production.

Prosperity of domestic commerce (large market-expanding domestic market with many varieties-more than 200 kinds of agricultural products and handicrafts, fast trafficking-rapid development of long-distance trafficking between regions, many cities-Beijing and Nanjing are national commercial cities, dozens of big cities appear in the country, commodity economy extends to rural areas, and famous industrial and commercial towns in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces flourish); Difficulties in foreign trade (closed door policy, restrictions on foreign exchange). 2. Evolution of ancient currency in China (1) Pre-Qin: merchants were good at doing business and used shellfish as currency; During the Warring States period, iron coins appeared in various countries, and Qin used round square hole coins, which were called half Liang (Qi used knife-shaped coins, Zhao used shovel-shaped coins, and Chu used ant-nose-shaped coins).

(2) Qin and Han Dynasties: it is stipulated that the round square hole money is the currency that passes through the whole country. In the Han dynasty, gold coins and copper coins were the main currencies.

The weight of copper coins in the Han dynasty changed several times, and it was not until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty cast five baht that it stabilized. (3) The Three Kingdoms: At that time, money was reduced, and cloth and grain became the main means of circulation.

Cao Wei once abolished copper coins in the form of decrees and used physical transactions, and will abolish them in the future. (4) Sui and Tang Dynasties: Five baht is still cast, and it is forbidden to use old coins of different sizes from the previous generation, which is conducive to the development of trade.

In the early Tang Dynasty, when the currency system was reformed, Tang Gaozu ordered "abolishing five baht and using Kaiyuan Bao Tong instead". The newly minted "Kaiyuan Bao Tong" became the common currency of the Tang Dynasty, and later it was widely circulated.

It is a model of all currencies in later dynasties. The establishment of counter shops specializing in currency deposits and loans is the earliest prototype of banks in China, which is six or seven hundred years earlier than financial institutions in Europe and the Mediterranean.

(5) Song and Yuan Dynasties: During the Northern Song Dynasty, the world's earliest paper money "Jiaozi" appeared in Sichuan. The development from metal currency to paper money is the inevitable result of social and economic development.

The popularity of paper money reduces the burden of merchants carrying metal money, which is conducive to commodity exchange and reflects the high development of commerce. (6) Ming and Qing Dynasties: In the early Ming Dynasty, the main currency was paper money, and the auxiliary currency was copper money. People were forbidden to use gold and silver for trading.

By the middle and late Ming Dynasty, silver had become the main currency in general circulation. I hope it will help you and be adopted. Your adoption will be our motivation to answer questions.