"There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and how many towers are in the mist and rain." What does this sentence mean?

"There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasty, and many towers are shrouded in smoke and rain." It means: the temples left over from the Southern Dynasty are all shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain.

“There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasty, and many towers are in the mist and rain.” It comes from "Jiangnan Spring" by Du Mu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The poem is as follows: Jiangnan Spring

Du Mu of the Tang Dynasty

Thousands of miles away, the orioles sing and the green reflects the red,

The wine flags in the mountains and rivers in the water village are blown by the wind.

There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasty,

How many towers are in the mist and rain.

Translation

The vast south of the Yangtze River is full of orioles, dancing swallows, green trees and red flowers, and wine flags are flying everywhere in the villages near the water and in the city walls at the foot of the mountains. The temples left over from the Southern Dynasties are all shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain.

Notes

(1) Yingwei: That is the language of orioles and swallows. (2) Guo (guō): outer city. This refers to towns. (3) Wine flag: a small flag hung in front of the door as a mark of the hotel. (4) Southern Dynasties: refers to the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen regimes that successively confronted the Northern Dynasties. (5) Four Hundred and Eighty Temples: The emperors and big bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties loved Buddhism and built large Buddhist temples in the capital (now Nanjing City). According to "Southern History·Xunli·Guo Zushen Biography": "There are more than 500 Buddhist temples under the capital." The four hundred and eighty temples mentioned here are imaginary numbers. (6) Pavilion: Pavilion and pavilion. This refers to the temple building. (7) Misty Rain: The drizzle is misty, like smoke and mist

Introduction to the work

"Jiang Nanchun" is a poem written by Du Mu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The poem not only depicts the bright spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also reproduces the misty and rainy terrace scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, making the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River more magical and confusing, and has a special interest. The charming Jiangnan, dyed with the poet's wonderful pen, becomes even more heart-stirring. The whole poem uses brisk words and very general language to depict a vivid, colorful and powerful Jiangnan Spring picture, presenting a deep and beautiful artistic conception and expressing wisps of implicit and profound emotions.

Appreciation of Works

"Jiangnan Spring" has been well-known for thousands of years. The four lines of the poem not only describe the richness of the spring scenery of Jiangnan, but also describe its vastness, Deep and confusing.

In the first sentence, "Thousands of miles away, the orioles are singing and the green is reflected in red." The poet opened his eyes and imagined the entire Jiangnan land from the spring scene in front of him. Thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, there are singing and dancing birds everywhere, peach red and green willows, a scene full of spring. At the same time, the poet also expressed the lively scene of singing and dancing birds in the spring of Jiangnan from the perspective of sound and hearing. The "thousand miles" in the poem is very subtle and weighty. It not only expands the aesthetic realm of the poem in space, but also lays the foundation for the subsequent description.

The second sentence "Shui Cun Shan Guo Wine Flag Wind" means that in villages near the water and in cities near mountains, there are wine flags fluttering in the wind everywhere. Here, the poet uses the rhetorical technique of Liejin to describe the objects that come into view, such as water villages, mountains and wine flags.

The third sentence "Four Hundred and Eighty Temples in the Southern Dynasties" "Southern Dynasties" refers to the four dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen after the Eastern Jin Dynasty and before the Sui Dynasty, all of which had their capitals in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). , known as the Southern Dynasties in history. This sentence means that there are more than 480 ancient temples left in the Southern Dynasties.

The fourth sentence "How many towers are in the mist and rain" "Misty rain" refers to the misty drizzle like smoke. This sentence means that countless buildings are shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain. Here, the poet appreciates the natural beauty of Jiangnan Spring with an aesthetic eye; the poet uses profound thinking to travel through time and space and comprehend the aesthetic significance of history and culture.

"Jiang Nanchun" reflects that the aesthetics in Chinese poetry and painting transcend time and space, are indifferent and free and easy, and contain the "sudden enlightenment" thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Zen, and most of them express nostalgia for the past. , Huaiyuan, seclusion, freehand poetry.

Creative background

This is a well-known landscape poem. The small page depicts a broad picture. It does not focus on a specific place, but focuses on the unique scenery of the entire Jiangnan, so it is titled "Jiangnan Spring".

About the author

Du Mu (803-852), courtesy name Muzhi, also known as Fanchuan Jushi, Han nationality, was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), and is the grandson of Du You. An outstanding poet and essayist in the Tang Dynasty, he is the author of "Collected Works of Fan Chuan". His poems are famous for their seven-character quatrains, and he is good at chanting history and expressing feelings.

Du Mu is upright, informal, and disdainful of flattery. He prides himself on his talents as a manager and is famous for his poetry and writing. "A Fang Gong Fu" is the most famous of his works. His poems are bright and meaningful, and his quatrain poems are especially praised. He is known as Xiao Du in the world.

He is as famous as Li Shangyin and is collectively known as "Little Li Du". His representative works include "Po Qinhuai", "Jiang Nanchun", "Red Cliff", "Ti Wujiang Pavilion", etc., which are very popular. When he was young, he was fond of reading military books, and he once annotated thirteen chapters of "The Art of War" written by Cao Cao. He also wrote essays on contemporary military affairs such as "Sin Yan", "On War", "Shou Lun", and "Original Sixteenth Guards". In the third year of Huichang (843), Zhaoyi's army was in chaos. He wrote to Li Deyu about the use of troops, which was adopted by Deyu. He is the author of "Collected Works of Fan Chuan". In 1978, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House published "Annotations to the Collected Poems of Fan Chuan" and "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".