What is the history of Yijia in Yicheng County, Shanxi Province?

The word "Qi" was first seen in Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The use of Chinese characters as surnames was later than that of Qin and Han Dynasties, starting from the Wei and Jin Dynasties in the Middle Ages and continuing to this day. In Hundred Surnames, which has been popular in the Northern Song Dynasty, some officials have records of multiple surnames, but there is no record of single surnames. Many dictionaries and surname classics in ancient and modern times say that the single surname Qi originated from the compound surname. According to Zhang Shiguo's Tracing the Origin of Hundreds of Surnames: "The compound surnames are mainly official surnames ... Confucius 19 years old married an official daughter of the Song State. In ancient times, officials took their official names as surnames and became compound officials. This surname is rare, and later it was changed to a single surname. " It is also early to see Qi surname in literature classics, such as Yang Ahou's Qi surname in Han Dynasty; Tang Dynasty deputy envoys Qi Shi, Qi Zhishao and General Wei Boda; There is also the yuan dynasty's investment in others and the degree of writing.

The Qi family in Laiwu began in the Ming Dynasty. His ancestor Qi Shibo (1333- 1368) moved to Laiwu from Huai 'an, Jiangsu Province to avoid the mutiny. The Pei family originally lived in Dongguan. As the war subsided, they moved to Fangxiabao and Wennanbao.

According to Qi's Genealogy, Qi Changzhi returned to Fuyang, Anhui Province from the army after coming to Lai, with a population of more than 10,000. Most of the descendants of the two courtiers lived in Lai, and a few moved out. Three descendants live in Pingyin, Dongping, Yuncheng, Yanggu and Liangshan. Most of the descendants of Qi Shineng lived in Lai; With a total population of more than 100,000, the Qi family has developed into a big clan in Laiwu. The four generations of Qijia (mainly among Lai Shineng's ancestors and Binzu's descendants) are divided into one, two, three, four and three doors respectively. Nansanmen is a descendant of Hakka. Qi Zhen, Qiduan, Zheng Qi, Qishou and Qi Jun are one door; Qi Hui and Qi Xiong are the second door; Qi Hao is three doors; Qi was promoted to four doors. The lineage is clear and the tribe is clear. No matter where the family goes, you will know who his ancestors are by saying a few doors.

The textual research on the evolution of Qi family shows that Qi family did not move from Shanxi to Hebei, but directly came from Huai 'an, Jiangsu. According to Qi's Genealogy, it was used by the father of Qi Shibo. When Emperor Shun was in the Yuan Dynasty, he lived in the town hall and gave birth to three sons, namely Shi Xiang, Shi Bo and Shi Yu. Shi Bo is the son-in-law of Prime Minister Mao Shoujie. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the flood (Hongwu) crossed the river and moved from Huai to Lai in order to avoid the chaos. The birthplace of the Qi family is the ancient Song Dynasty, which is in the same strain as the official family of Confucius. In the Tang dynasty, in order to sinicize the Hu people, the court ordered that the compound surname be changed to the single surname. There used to be hundreds of compound surnames in China, but now there are only a dozen. There is no doubt that Laiwu's surname evolved from Guan Qi's surname.

Qi moved here not only because the refugees were defeated, but also because they had a certain material foundation, which made the clan develop rapidly in the future. There used to be such a legend: "Laiwu Qijia, Xintai Xujia", which is enough to show that Qijia is a big family. Judging from the development history of Qi family, apart from being an official in the imperial court, the most important thing for Qi people is to do business. In the past, there were neat banks, wineries, pharmacies, hotels and inns in the old street of Laicheng. Its business scale is huge. In addition to cities, commercial shops and manufacturing workshops of Qi descendants such as Luxi, Pocaowa, Daguanzhuang also have a certain scale, which laid a material foundation for the development of Qi clan.

In the imperial examination era and the social environment dominated by Confucianism, fame and official position have always been important resources for local elites to consolidate their wealth and social status, and Qi family is no exception. It is not uncommon for the Qijia people to become famous because of the imperial examination. According to the statistics of Qi's Genealogy, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Qi's family has obtained two to seven titles 127, and eight to nine titles 100. Their titles were all obtained from the imperial examinations, including Jinshi Poetry, Qi Wei, Xu Qi and Xu Qi. Wu Jinshi Qi Jian, Qi Shiying and Qi Jiugong 7 people; Only 20 people are waiting for the winner; There are more than 200 scholars.

Qi poetry teaching, the word can be said, the number Jingchu, a branch of nine generations long. In the twenty-sixth year of Wanli, he was an official in Jingzhou and Huai 'an successively, an envoy of the Ministry of Rites, an imperial envoy of Duchayuan, a magistrate of Siyige in the Hanlin Academy, an imperial envoy of Henan, and a military attache in charge of the river.

Qi Zhiwei, with frank words and unusual numbers, is the second director. Xu Ke (1622), a scholar from the Apocalypse, has served as the magistrate of Cheng 'an, the magistrate of Xun County, the director of the official department of Guangxi, the minister of Shanxi, Yuan Wailang, the magistrate of Hejian, the garrison road of Yanghe in Shanxi and the chief secretary of Shanxi, respectively guarding the garrison road of Shuozhou in Datong Prefecture.