History of wine cellar

History of Chinese Wine Culture China is an ancient civilization in the Li Zhuo world, and China is the hometown of wine. In the 5,000-year history of the Chinese nation, wine and wine culture have always occupied an important position. Wine is a special kind of food, which belongs to the material, but it has also been integrated into people's spiritual life.

As a special cultural form, wine culture has its unique position in China traditional culture. In the history of civilization for thousands of years, wine has almost penetrated into all fields of social life.

First of all, China is an agricultural country, so all political and economic activities are based on agricultural development. Most of the wines in China are brewed from grain, and wine is closely linked with agriculture and becomes a part of agricultural economy.

The prosperity of grain production is a barometer of the rise and fall of wine industry. According to the grain harvest, the rulers of various dynasties regulated the production of wine by issuing or opening bans, thus ensuring the people's food. China is the kingdom of wine.

Wine has various shapes and colors; Variety and output rank first in the world. China is also a paradise for drinkers. Regardless of north and south, regardless of men, women and children, regardless of nationality. Drinking has been going on for several years.

China is the most prosperous place of wine culture, and the significance of drinking is far more than physical consumption and pleasure. On many occasions, as a cultural symbol and a cultural consumption, it expresses a etiquette, an atmosphere, an interest and a mentality. Wine and poetry have always been inextricably linked. Not only that, many famous wines in China not only give people beautiful enjoyment, but also give people beautiful enlightenment and inspiration; The development of each famous wine contains the exploration and struggle of generations of workers and their heroic dedication. Therefore, the spirit of famous wine is closely related to national pride and fearless spirit.

This is the spirit of the Chinese nation! It is equal to the "Dionysus" promoted in Europe. It seems that with famous wines, China catering can be sublimated into a boastful world food culture.

As an objective substance in the world, wine is a changeable spirit, hot as fire and cold as ice; It is lingering like a dream, vicious as a demon, soft as brocade and sharp as a steel knife; It is ubiquitous and powerful. Admirable and should be killed. It can make people transcend broadmindedness, brilliance and debauchery; It can make people forget the pain, sadness and troubles in the world and soar in absolute freedom; It can also make people recklessly and bravely sink to the bottom of the abyss, make people throw away their masks, reveal their true colors and tell the truth. Wine, in the long history of human culture, is not only an objective material existence, but also a cultural symbol, that is, a symbol of Dionysian spirit.

In China, Dionysian spirit originated from Taoist philosophy. Zhuang Zhou advocated the unity of things and me, the unity of heaven and man, and the unity of life and death.

Zhuang Zhou sang the song of absolute freedom, advocating "wandering things", "wandering around the world" and "land without things". Zhuangzi would rather be a free turtle shaking his head in a mud pond than a bound swift horse.

The essence of China's Dionysian spirit lies in pursuing absolute freedom and forgetting the benefits of life and death, honor and disgrace. There are striking similarities between world cultural phenomena. Dionysus, the god of grape cultivation and wine making, is the symbol of Dionysus in the west. In ancient Greek tragedies, the Dionysian spirit in the west rose to the theoretical level and was sublimated by the philosophy of German philosopher Nietzsche. Nietzsche believes that Dionysian spirit is a symbol of emotional catharsis, a survival experience of abandoning the traditional bondage and returning to the original state, and human beings have gained great pleasure in life in the desperate and painful cry of disappearing the unity of individuals and the world.

In the kingdom of literature and art, Dionysian spirit is ubiquitous, which has a great and far-reaching influence on literary artists and their masterpieces. Because freedom, art and beauty are trinity, art is born of freedom and beauty is born of art.

The artistic freedom gained by drunkenness is an important way for China ancient artists to get rid of bondage and gain artistic creativity. Liu Ling, a famous figure in Wei and Jin Dynasties and the first "drunkard", said in Ode to Wine Virtue: "There is a gentleman who regards heaven and earth as the sky, ten thousand periods as a moment, the sun and the moon as a moment, and eight droughts as the DPRK."

"The curtain is on the ground, which means so." "I was drunk, but I suddenly woke up. If you don't listen to thunder, you won't see the mountain shape.

I can't feel the feeling of cutting muscles in cold weather and summer. Looking down on everything is like duckweed in Jianghan. "

This "people-oriented" realm is a typical embodiment of China's Dionysian spirit. "Li Bai has hundreds of poems about fighting wine. Chang 'an went to a restaurant to sleep, but the son of heaven didn't get on the boat, claiming to be Brewmaster. "

(Du Fu's Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking) "Drunk is a guest, and poetry becomes a god." (Du Fu's "Poem of Self-management") "Do what you like and become a poem of wine."

(Su Shi "Drinking with Tao Yuanming" "A cup of unfinished poetry has been finished, and the poem is shocking." (Yang Wanli's Biography of Going to Wanhua Valley in February after the Ninth Festival).

Zhang Yuannian, a political poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "Flowers fly after the rain, and the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine." In the history of China's poems, examples of drunken poems handed down from generation to generation abound.

Not only poetry, but also the Dionysian spirit is more vivid in the paintings and artistic calligraphy unique to China culture. Among the painters, Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy and painting are hard to get, and those who seek them treat each other with dog meat and wine, while those who seek calligraphy and painting can get what they want.

Zheng Banqiao also knew the painter's tricks, but he couldn't resist the temptation of wine and dog meat, so he had to write a poem to laugh at himself: "Look at the moon, you might as well go all out, only hate the wine coming late. Laugh at him and ask for a book, and ask his husband to get drunk. "

Wu Daozi, the painter of The Wind in Five Dynasties, must get drunk before painting, and then start painting when he is drunk. Huang in Yuan Sijia is also "too drunk to draw".

Wang Xizhi, a "book saint", wrote the Preface to the Lanting Pavilion when he was drunk, saying that he was "charming, extremely healthy and unparalleled", but when he woke up, he "read dozens of books, but failed to reach it". Li Bai wrote Huai Su's "Drunk Monk": "My teacher was drunk and slept in bed, sweeping thousands of copies in a moment.

The waterfalls are shaking and the falling flowers and snow are boundless. Self-narration of "Huai Su was drunk and splashed ink, leaving his ghosts and gods stunned".

Zhang Xu, the sage of the grass, wrote "every drunk calls for madness", so he has his "four ancient poems".

Chinese wine culture has a history of several thousand years, and it has a history of more than three thousand years.

China has a long history of wine-making, which has a history of more than 3,000 years since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

According to Zhu Yizhong's Wine Classic, in early summer, an official named Yidi made wine with mulberry leaves as a gift to Dayu. After dinner, Dayu felt very sweet and said with emotion, "Some descendants will die because of drinking." Therefore, it is forbidden to make wine, but this method of making wine is still circulated in secret in the palace. According to Shuo Wen Jie Zi, "Gu Qing Shao Kang made brooms and wine first, and Shao Kang and Du Kang also made them."

Since ancient times, literati have loved drinking because; Wine has many elegant names, such as "golden syrup", "wanye" and "Qiongjiang", and some of them directly enter poetry. Wine has become an important part of literati's life art, and wine has become a part of literati culture in "Hundred Poems of Li Bai Fighting for Wine".

In China people's daily life, wine is not regarded as a simple drink, but as a "lubricant" of interpersonal relationship and a "courage agent" of personal character, which plays a role in regulating interpersonal relationship, cultivating and inspiring people's character.

There is a saying in China that "no wine is a feast", and wine is everywhere in our social life; Throughout history, the people of China have always cherished friendship. When friends meet, whether they meet after a long separation or are invited to meet, they should talk about wine, get together and leave.

In China, people call wedding banquets "wedding banquets", full moon wine when children are born, calamus wine in chong yang wine and Dragon Boat Festival, toasting to celebrate success, toasting lovers and making friends. In addition, people should also drink alcohol when they worship gods, ancestors and start business.

Extended data:

Wine Types and Wine Culture in China

About19th century BC, it is said that Shao Kang, the monarch of Xia Dynasty, invented the brewing technology at that time.

Thus, wine, a poetic, legendary, heroic and tragic drink, began to accompany all China people. Perhaps we have overlooked another achievement of Shao Kang: leading the people of China to defeat the cruel Han Nuo and realize the revival of the Xia Dynasty.

In fact, according to archaeological findings, China ancient wine appeared as a beverage earlier than Shao Kang's Xia Dynasty. Besides Shao Kang's wine-making, there are some sayings in ancient China, such as "ape-made", "barbarian-made" and "wine-star-made", which fully shows that Chinese wine culture has a long history.

The prosperity of poetry in Sui and Tang Dynasties promoted the development of wine culture, and a brilliant "wine chapter culture" appeared. Wine and poetry, wine and music, wine and calligraphy, wine and art, wine and painting, etc. In harmony with each other, in full swing. The Tang Dynasty is a period of high development of Chinese wine culture, which is profound, colorful and brilliant.

"Wine promotes poetry" is the most concentrated and embodied culture in the Tang Dynasty. Wine promoted the poet's poetry, thus internalizing it in his poems, and wine also rose from the material level to the spiritual level. Wine culture is fully brewed in Tang poetry, and its taste is mellow and long. In the Tang Dynasty, the number of wine establishments increased day by day, and wine culture was integrated into the daily life of China people.

At this time, ceramic wine vessels gradually replaced bronze wine vessels and became the most widely used drinking vessels in daily life. Moreover, in the Tang Dynasty, people began to drink at tables instead of "sitting on the bed".

The wine culture in Song Dynasty is the continuation and development of the wine culture in Tang Dynasty, which is richer than the wine culture in Tang Dynasty and closer to our present wine culture. The wine industry is booming and hotels are everywhere. Hotels in Song Dynasty emphasized the cultural individuality of famous brands.

The northern nationalities in the Jin Dynasty were famous for their binge drinking and rich wine culture, while the Jin Dynasty had a pot-burning wine culture. Soju (Araghi wine) appeared in the Yuan Dynasty. Besides, the distillation method was invented in the Song Dynasty, and since then, liquor has become the main drink of China people.

The porcelain industry in the Song Dynasty was unprecedentedly prosperous, and a large number of warm, gorgeous and crystal-clear porcelain became wine vessels.

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