How was oil discovered?

Question 1: How was oil first discovered? Answer, thank you! Oil was first discovered because it naturally emerged from the ground and can be burned. Before the ancient westerners knew what oil was, our ancestors used it for cooking and lighting. As early as A.D. 1 century, the historian Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote Han Shu? Geography wrote: "It is natural that high slaves have water." "Nature" means "burning", and the "combustible water" mentioned here is a title given to us by our ancestors after they had a preliminary understanding of oil. This is the earliest oil record ever discovered.

China is the first country to discover and apply oil in the world.

China, with its vast territory, rich natural resources and huge oil reserves, is an ancient oil power in the world. There are oil reserves from Bohai Bay to Beibu Gulf, and from the coast to the frontier.

900 years ago, Shen Kuo, a famous scholar in the Song Dynasty, put forward outstanding views on the knowledge of paleogeology and paleontology in China. His view is 400 years earlier than that of western European scholars who first realized that fossils are biological remains. When Shen Kuo was once ordered to inspect Hebei West Road, he found that there were many snail shells and egg-shaped stones between the cliffs of Taihang Mountain, thus inferring that it was originally an Archean seashore, which was made up of seashore shells and sediment, and correctly inferring the changes of land and sea according to the remains of paleontology.

1080 (three years of Yuanfeng), from Shen Kuo to Yanzhou (now Yan 'an). During his tenure, he discovered and inspected Lu Yan's oil reserves and uses. He said, "Lu Yan has oil. As the old saying goes, Gaonu County produces fertile water, which is also the case. Born in water, sand and stones are mixed with spring water, forcing people out. The natives collected it in a jar with a pheasant tail bag. It looks like pure paint. It burns like hemp, but it's smoky.

Yes, all the curtains are black. If it is suspected that the smoke is available, try to sweep the coal into ink. Black as paint, ink does not come loose. It is a great achievement, and it is also known as the' Yanzhou Stone Liquid'. This thing will be popular all over the world after it is given. At most, oil is native, and sometimes it dries up without loosening. "Judging from the above records, Shen Kuo not only discovered oil, but also knew his purpose. Although his so-called use at that time focused on the manufacture of tobacco and ink, he did predict that "this thing will be popular in the world", and this idea has been verified today. Today we are talking about the "oil" factory, which was founded and used by him. He wrote China's earliest oil poem: "The Erlang Mountain is snowy, the school is full, the clothes are not old, and the oil is like Fuyang dust. "

In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Daoyuan recorded in more detail in the Notes on Water Classics: "There is water in Gaonu County, and the fertilizer is combustible. There is fat on the water, you can take it. " Here, oil is called "fat", but it is no longer considered as flammable water, which is another name for oil in the case of further understanding.

The ancients also called oil "stone paint". For example, the book "Taiping Universe" records: "Stone paint, there are mountains in Yanshou City, and its water and fertilizer are like cow juice, burning like oil, extremely bright, but inedible. Northerners say that the water of stone paint is more blazing. " Here, oil is named after its properties, including color, shape and use.

In ancient China, petroleum was not only called combustible water, fertilizer and stone paint, but also called petrolatum water, kerosene and fierce fire oil. The scientific and technological term "petroleum" was first put forward by Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Song Dynasty. Shen Kuo wrote in Meng Qian's Bi Tan: "There is oil in Yanchang, and there is fat water in Gaonu County in the old saying, which is what it means." And put forward the scientific conclusion that "the most oil was born on the earth". Because Shen Kuo's name is accurate and scientific, the word "oil" was widely used once it was confirmed, and later it was used in many documents.

Question 2: When did Sima Biao discover oil? ~ 306 years) Write the Book of the Later Han Dynasty? "County Records" records Yanshou County (now Jiuquan, Gansu Province) as follows: "There are mountains in the south of the county, and the stone springs are huge, and the pool is a ditch. Its water is rich, such as cooking meat, which is immortal. If it is not condensed, it is extremely bright and inedible. The county people call it stone paint. "It shows that the ancients had begun to understand the characterization of oil and used it. This is probably the beginning of the earliest use of oil!

As early as 65,438+0,800 years ago, Han Dynasty historian Ban Gu wrote Han Shu? Geography records that "high slaves have water and are flammable". This paper describes the combustible substances visible on the surface of Weihe River tributary in Yan 'an, Shaanxi Province. This should also be the earliest record of oil discovery! The earliest written record is Song Shen Guo's "Meng Qian Bi Tan? Magazine 1: "Yanchang has oil, and Gaonu county has fat water, which is also the case." "Li Ming's Compendium of Materia Medica is also recorded? Shi Yi? Naphtha: "There are different kinds of oils. In the last few years of Zheng De, the history of China opened a salt well, with occasional oil and water. It can shine at night, and its brightness has doubled. Recently, several wells have been reopened, focusing on litigation. This is oil, too, but it is out of the well. "Originally is used for lighting.

Of course, our ancestors may have known this thing for a long time, but the earliest written record was Shen Kuo.

The first oil well was drilled by China in the 4th century or earlier. People tied the drill bit to the bamboo pole and made a hole as deep as 800 feet. At that time, oil was used to evaporate brine and produce salt. In the 10 century, people used bamboo pipes to connect oil wells and salt springs. Ancient Persian inscriptions recorded that their upper classes used oil as medicine and lighting.

In the 8th century AD, the newly-built Baghdad paved the streets with asphalt, which was obtained from the natural and easy-to-collect oil in this area. In the 9th century, people developed oil fields in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, to produce naphtha. Geographer masudi in 10 century and Mark in 13 century? Poirot has recorded the situation of these oil fields and described that the output of these oil wells can accommodate hundreds of ships.

The modern history of petroleum began with the invention of petroleum distillation process in 1853. Polish scientist Agnus? Lucasey extracted kerosene from crude oil by distillation. The following year, the first "rock oil" mine was discovered in Boburka near Crosno in southern Poland, and Lucseyvichy built the first oil refinery (actually a brewery) near Ulaszowice. These inventions spread quickly all over the world. 186 1 year, Meerzoeff built Russia's first oil refinery in a mature oil field in Baku.

Question 3: How to deal with the oil pollution found under farmland first? China's sedimentary environment belongs to marine sediments, and oil layers generally appear hundreds to thousands of meters underground, and oil exploration is carried out by professional geological exploration teams. How did you find oil under the farmland?

Second. If oil is really found under your farmland, if the conditions for industrial exploitation are formed, it must be nationalized and developed.

Question 4: How did the oil come from? Oil is formed by the changes of prehistoric marine animals and algae carcasses (land plants usually forms coal). After a long geological period, these organic substances are mixed with silt and buried under thick sedimentary rocks. Under the high temperature and pressure in the underground, they gradually transform, first forming waxy oil shale, and then degenerating into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. Because these hydrocarbons are lighter than the nearby rocks, they penetrate upward into the nearby rocks until they penetrate into the tightly impermeable rocks above, and the rocks themselves are empty. The oil accumulated in this way forms an oil field.

People can get oil from oil fields by drilling and pumping water. Geologists call the temperature range of oil formation "oil window". If the temperature is too low, oil cannot be formed; if the temperature is too high, natural gas will be formed. Although the depth of oil formation varies around the world, the "typical" depth is 4 to 6 kilometers. Because oil will penetrate into other rock formations after formation, the actual oil field may be much shallower. Therefore, the formation of an oil field requires three conditions: rich source rocks, permeable channels and rock structures capable of accumulating oil.

Question 5: How did the hammer find so much oil? 1956, hammer is 58 years old. He accumulated countless wealth in the commercial war. He really intends to retire from business and move to California with his third new wife, ready to enjoy his old age quietly. However, by chance, the attractive oil industry conquered him, and he began a new life of "life begins at the age of 60" and became a world-famous oil tycoon.

At that time, there was a western oil company on the verge of bankruptcy in California. Its actual assets are only $34,000, three employees and several oil wells that are about to be scrapped. The company's share price is only 65,438+08 cents. A distant relative of Hammer, a well-known accountant in Los Angeles, suggested that Hammer invest in this oil company. Because according to the preferential policy of the United States to the oil industry, the funds used for oil wells that have not yet produced oil do not need to be declared. For the idle hammer, he has no intention of buying this company, but he is willing to lend Western oil companies $50,000 to let them drill two more wells. If oil can be exported, both sides will get 50% profit. If the oil is not exported, the money invested by the hammer can be deducted from the taxable amount as a loss. Unexpectedly, both wells produced oil. The stock of western oil companies suddenly rose to 1 USD, and Hammer also tasted the sweetness and began to set foot in the oil industry. Before long, Hammer became the largest shareholder of this company, and in July 1957, he was elected as the chairman and general manager of Western Petroleum Company.

Hammer began to build an oil kingdom with his years of experience and great risks. He recruited the best drilling engineers and geologists, and finally drilled two huge natural gas fields in California in 196 1. The share price of western oil companies jumped to 15 yuan per share, and the company's strength was enough to compete with the larger oil companies in the world.

At that time, most of the rich oil fields in the world were owned by seven western oil companies known as "Seven Sisters", and it was difficult for Hammer to get his hands on them. Therefore, the adventurous Hammer resisted the pressure inside and outside the company and bet on Libya. At the end of 1966, Hammer persevered in two leased lands abandoned by other oil companies, and finally found a major oil vein and opened up two new oil fields rich in high-grade crude oil. Under Hammer's management, the business of western oil companies is booming, profits are rising year by year, and the scope of oil exploration is expanding. Abundant oil resources have been found in the Middle East, the North Sea, South America, Pakistan and the South China Sea of China, from home to abroad, from land to sea. Especially in Beihai area, the achievement is the most obvious: his company entered the business at the latest, but produced oil at the earliest. From 65438 to 0974, the annual income of his western oil company was $6 billion. By 1982, Western Petroleum Company had become the 12 largest industrial enterprise in the United States and the eighth largest oil company in the world after "Seven Sisters".

In order to better adapt to the ever-changing business needs, one of the management tricks of hammer is never to hang from a tree and carry out multi-faceted management. This is his magic weapon for a long time.

1966 Shortly after the discovery of oil in Libya by western oil companies, Hammer bought Permian Company, McWood Company and Garrett R&D Company with a share of 88 million yuan.

In 1968, the shares of western oil companies rose above 100 USD per share. The hammer changed each old stock into three new shares in time, and then the price of each new share rose to $55. Hammer took advantage of this favorable opportunity to use the company's stock as currency to develop diversified businesses such as coal and chemical products.

At the beginning of 1968, western oil companies acquired the third-ranked coal company in the United States, Daoxi Coal Company, at a price of10.50 billion US dollars. The company's annual sales amount is USD 65.438 +0.5 billion, and the raw coal reserves reach 3.5 billion tons. 1974, the net profit of daoxi coal mine company was nearly 1 100 million dollars.

1In July, 968, Western oil companies acquired Hooke Chemical and Plastic Products Company at the price of $800 million in preferred shares, which was the largest merger in the United States.

In the 1970s, Hammer turned his eyes to a wider field.

Question 6: How did Dubai discover oil? 10 Dubai is a modern international metropolis, the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates, the second largest emirate after Abu Dhabi, the richest city in the Middle East, and the economic and financial center in the Middle East. It is known as the "trade capital" of the Middle East and North Africa.

Dubai is located in the middle of the * * * Peninsula and the south bank of the * * * Bay, which is the center of the Gulf region. It faces the South Asian subcontinent across the sea and is adjacent to Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Oman. The resident population is about 2.62 million, the local population accounts for about 20%, and foreigners come from more than 200 countries and regions around the world. About 200,000 China people live in Dubai. Other foreigners come from Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Iran, India, Pakistan and the Philippines. Official languages are * * * and English. English is the most important business language. Dubai natives believe in * * * religion.

Dubai has the world's first seven-star hotel (Sailing Hotel), the world's tallest skyscraper (Burj Khalifa), the world's largest shopping mall, and the world's largest indoor ski resort. With its active real estate, activities, talks and other characteristics close to the world record, it attracts the attention of the whole world.

Today, Dubai has developed into one of the world's international financial centers, a bridge between eastern and western capital markets, an important logistics, trade, transportation, tourism and shopping center, and the host city of World Expo 2020.

With its superior geographical position, Dubai has implemented a free and stable economic policy, vigorously developed non-oil industries such as entrepot trade and tourism, and also focused on developing modern high-tech industries and built a series of modern supporting infrastructure.

Dubai amazed the world with its rapid development. Taking precautions and working hard are important factors for Dubai to create a miracle of development. Taking precautions, taking precautions, never being satisfied, and being pragmatic and enterprising have become important factors for Dubai to create a miracle of development.

Question 7: Was oil discovered by China people? Yes, it was the first time that China people drilled oil. Data: The earliest oil wells appeared in the 4th century or earlier. The natural history says: "Nanshan Spring in Yanshou County, Jiuquan is as big as _ _, and it is filled into a ditch. This water is as greasy as gravy. In a container, it turns yellow first and then black, like paste, but as bright as paste. The ointment truck and the water tank are very good, and others call it stone paint. " "Youyang Miscellaneous Notes" said: "The stone in Gaonu County is greasy and floating like paint, and the car with ointment is very bright." Another "Gansu Xintongzhi" contains: "Stone and fat water, that is, oil river, out of Suzhou Nanshan". "Yuanhe County Annals" records: "Stone and fat water in Yumen County is located in the southeast of the county 180. Spring is covered with moss, such as fat, and burns brightly. There is black grease on the water, so people take it with grass ink, apply it to the west capsule and stick it to the east. " The newly compiled Annals of Suzhou in Qianlong contains: "There is stone paint in the west of Jiayuguan, and now there is an oil spring in the southeast of Jinchi 150, which the natives used to light." People in China use a drill bit fixed at one end of a bamboo pole to drill a well, and the depth of the well can reach about one kilometer. They burn oil to evaporate bittern to make salt. /kloc-in the 0 th century, they connected oil wells and salt wells with pipes made of bamboo poles. The word "oil" first appeared in Meng Xi's written speech, and it has been used ever since. [1] The slate records of ancient Persia seem to show that the Persian upper class used oil as medicine and lighting.

Question 8: Why is China the first country to discover and utilize oil? It is recorded in history that oil is produced by.

The Notes on Water Classics written in the Northern Wei Dynasty, written about 565,438+02 ~ 565,438+08, introduced the situation of refining lubricating oil from petroleum. Yue Se, a British scientist, pointed out in his paper: "In the 10 century, China already had oil and it was widely used. Therefore, before this, China people distilled oil. " .

Question 9: When and where was oil first discovered? The name petroleum comes from the Greek words petra and oleum. Crude oil, sometimes called black gold, is a viscous dark brown or green liquid. A common misunderstanding is that oil itself is flammable, but in fact the gas evaporated from oil is flammable. Oil exists in the upper layer of some areas of the earth's crust. Another name for petroleum is naphtha, which comes from Persian naft or nafátá (mobile). Petroleum is a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, mainly alkane chains. Different oils may differ in appearance, composition and purity. Petroleum is an important "primary energy" and the raw material of many chemical products, including solvents, fertilizers, pesticides and plastics.

The earliest written record is Song Shen Guo's "Meng Qian Bi Tan? Terror 1: "Yanchang has oil, and Gaonu County is said to have fat water, which is also this. "Li Ming's Compendium of Materia Medica is also recorded? Shi Yi? Naphtha: "There are different kinds of oils. In the last few years of Zheng De, the history of China opened a salt well, with occasional oil and water. It can shine at night, and its brightness has doubled. Recently, several wells have been reopened, focusing on litigation. This is oil, too, but it is out of the well. "Originally is used for lighting.

Of course, our ancestors probably knew this thing for a long time, but Shen Kuo was the first to record it in writing.

The first oil well was drilled by China in the 4th century or earlier. People tied the drill bit to the bamboo pole and made a hole as deep as 800 feet. At that time, oil was used to evaporate brine and produce salt. In the 10 century, people used bamboo pipes to connect oil wells and salt springs. Ancient Persian inscriptions recorded that their upper classes used oil as medicine and lighting.

In the 8th century AD, the newly-built Baghdad paved the streets with asphalt, which was obtained from the natural and easy-to-collect oil in this area. In the 9th century, people developed oil fields in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, to produce naphtha. Geographer masudi in 10 century and Mark in 13 century? Poirot has recorded the situation of these oil fields and described that the output of these oil wells can accommodate hundreds of ships.

The modern history of petroleum began with the invention of petroleum distillation process in 1853. Polish scientist Agnus? Lucasey extracted kerosene from crude oil by distillation. The following year, the first "rock oil" mine was discovered in Boburka near Crosno in southern Poland, and Lucseyvichy built the first oil refinery (actually a brewery) near Ulaszowice. These inventions spread quickly all over the world. 186 1 year, Meerzoeff built Russia's first oil refinery in a mature oil field in Baku.

1848 Russian engineer F.N. Semyenov exploited the first modern oil well in Asperon Peninsula in the northeast of Baku.

In the mid-1950s, coal was still the main fuel in the world, but oil soon replaced it. After the energy crises of 1973 and 1979, there are often reports on oil supply by major media, which makes people realize that as an economic energy, oil is a limited resource and will eventually be exhausted. Most of the popular predictions at that time were terrible, and many of them did not come true. As a fuel, the prospect of oil is still controversial. USA Today (2004) reported that there are only 40 years left in the underground oil reserves. Some people think that the total amount of oil is limited, and the terrible prediction of 1970 is only postponed. Another argument is that cheap hydrocarbons can continue to be produced technically, and there are huge unconventional oil reserves in the form of tar sands, tar fields and oil shale on the earth, which will make the use of oil continue for a very long time to come.

Today, about 90% of vehicle fuel demand is met by oil. Oil accounts for 40% of all energy consumption in the United States, but it only accounts for 2% of electricity production. As a convenient energy source for a large number of vehicles and the basis of many industrial chemicals, oil is one of the most important commodities in the world. The acquisition of oil has become the main factor causing many military conflicts, including the Second World War and the Persian Gulf War. About 80% of the world's easily exploitable reserves are in the Middle East, of which 62.5% come from Saudi Arabia (12.5%), United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Qatar and Kuwait. The United States only has >>

Question 10: Which country first discovered oil? China