The ancestral home of the man named Shi?

Analysis:

First, the origin of Shi surname

1, origin

There are many sources of Shi surname. The earliest one came from the descendants of Wei Kangshu, that is, Shijie, the grandson of Sun Jingbo of Kang Shu VI.

Shi Jie is called Gongsun Jie. Word stone, people call him Shi Jie. He is a doctor of Wang Di 1 1 of Wei Zhuang, an honest and frank man who sympathizes with people's sufferings and is deeply respected by China people. Wei Zhaoshi, a male concubine gave birth to a son named Zhou Xu, who was violent and good at talking about soldiers. He was deeply loved by Zhuang Gong and let him do whatever he wanted. Shijie was very dissatisfied with this, so he admonished Zhuang Gong, saying, "I love my son, teach, and accept evil." ..... If the husband is spoiled, he will be overbearing, and arrogance will be chaotic. If you fall, you will not regret it. If you regret it, few people can do it! "and with" six inversions "and" six shun ". The so-called six inversions, that is, the humble hinder the nobility, the young bully the old, the relatives alienate the old, the new alienates the old, the weak are super-strong, and the adulterer destroys morality. "Six Shun" refers to the monarch's ethical behavior, the obedience of the courtiers, the filial piety of the father, and the respect of the brothers and friends. ("Zuo Zhuan". Three years of seclusion "). But Zhuanggong didn't listen at all, but left a curse on the country.

Shi Hou, the son of Shijie, is closely related to Zhou Xu. The two often hunt side by side and harass the people. Shi Jie whipped the lesson and locked it in an empty room, not allowed to go in or out. Shi Hou escaped from the wall and lived in the state house. He didn't want to go home after dinner.

After the death of Duke Zhuang, his eldest son, Wei Huangong, established the throne. Seeing that he was weak, Shijie resigned and did not participate in state affairs. At this point, Zhou Xu is more overbearing. In 7 19 BC, he listened to the news and killed Huan Gong outside the West Gate by hanging a congratulatory message in Zhou, thus establishing himself as Wei Jun.

As a threat to the people of China and bullying neighboring countries, at the instigation of others, they vigorously searched for people's wealth and cream, recruited young people to join the army, and attacked Zheng. After only winning for a while, I moved back to China singing a triumphant song. As a result, people's money was wasted, and people complained and sang such songs everywhere: "When will you see peace?" .

Zhou Xu stood up for killing his brother and was a militarist, so he didn't get the support of the ruling and opposition parties in defending the country. He was so worried that he ordered Shi Hou to consult his father, Shijie, about how to arrange the throne. Shijie was very angry when he saw that the country had perished. He wanted to get rid of the thieves and reorganize the country. So he played along and asked Shi Hou and Zhou Xu to ask Chen Huangong of Chen State to introduce him to the King of Zhou, so that his throne could be secured. They were very happy to hear Shi Jie's words, prepared a jade gift and went to Chen State.

I don't know that the two of them were trapped by Ding Wei. Ding Wei has cut off his finger and sent it to Chen Guo, asking Chen Guo to help Guo Wei get rid of Erinverse. Dr Chen Zizhen and Shi Jie have been friends for many years. They received a letter from Ding Wei and reported it to Chen Huangong. Later, he went to Chen and detained two people. The right ambassador was in Putuzhu. Ministers think that Shi Hou is Shi Jie's own flesh and blood, and he is an accessory, so they demand a lenient sentence. Paraffin was furious: "My unfilial son helped others abuse, and all the bad things were done. You want me to be lenient. Do you want me to be selfish and ignore the righteousness? " How can I explain to Chao Ge's father! "So he sent a family to slaughter sheep in Chen and kill his son.

For the country and the people, Shi Jie is selfless and has a long-standing reputation. In Zuo Zhuan, Zuo Qiuming praised him: "Shi Jie is also a pure minister ... and he is selfless, that's what he means!"

This is the origin of "putting righteousness above family members".

Later generations took the word Shijie as their surname, hence the name Shijie.

From 65438 BC+0042 BC, Kang Shu was founded in Chao Ge. By 200 BC, Junjiao was defeated by the king in the wild (now Qinyang). In the 30th century, there were 43 kings, counting 842 years, during which he moved the capital four times. 65438 BC+0042 BC-659 BC, singing for 383 years; From 659 BC to 657 BC, it was 2 years (now East of Huaxian County); From 657 BC to 629 BC, Chu and Qiu established their capital for 28 years; 629 BC-239 BC and 390 BC; From 239 BC to the first 200 years, it was 39 years of wild king's rule. Before Wei Yigong, Chao Ge was always the capital of Wei, and in Chao Ge in 7 15 BC, Chao Ge should be the birthplace of Shi's surname.

The origin of the historical surname of Weiguo is recorded in many ancient books. In Wang Fu's book "A Thousand Commandments on Zhi's Family" in the Han Dynasty, it says: "The public houses of Wei, Shi, Shi Shu, Ning ... are all Wei Ji's surnames." The surname "Shi" in Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames in the Tang Dynasty wrote: "After the doctor." Shi Jie and his son Hou Shi can find three and four years of seclusion in Zuo Zhuan. Du Yu, a native of A Jin, explained in his genealogy Spring and Autumn Annals: "Shijie, Jing Sunbo". In Song Dynasty, Zheng Qiao's Tongzhi takes the word as the surname also said: "Shi, the surname of Ji, the grandson of Jingbo, made great contributions to Wei, and the world is Dr. Wei." In the Song Dynasty, Deng's "Discrimination of Ancient and Modern Surnames" made it more clear: "Doctor Shi Ziwei took Wang Fu as his surname first." These ancient books about surnames are basically the same. After Wei Kangshu (Ji surname), a self-defense doctor, Shijie, was born.

Wei Kangshu, surnamed Ji Mingfeng, is the eighth son of King Jichang of Zhou Wen and the half-brother of Zhou Wuwang. Zhou Wuwang was named Kang (now northwest of Yuzhou City, Henan Province) after the demise of the dynasty, and was called Kang Shufeng in history. After Zhou Gongdan put down the rebellion in Wu Geng, he enfeoffed some areas originally ruled by Shang Dynasty and seven tribes of Yin people. In BC 1042, Wei was founded in Chao Ge (now Qixian), the ancient capital of Shang Dynasty between the Yellow River and Qishui, and was the founding king of Wei.

Weiguo is located in the northern part of Henan, and also owns the southern end of Hebei and parts of western Shandong. As soon as Wei Kangshu took office, he imitated Zhou Gongdan's "Kang Patent", "Wine Patent" and "Zi Cai" and warned him to govern the country with the policy of "Ming De Shen Punishment", release slaves, distribute them to cultivated land, encourage the development of private fields, and the animal husbandry and handicrafts developed rapidly. Change your surname and get married, and abolish bad habits such as human sacrifice. There has been a great situation of political harmony and prosperity in Weiguo. Become the largest waiting city country in the Western Zhou Dynasty. King Cheng promoted Kang Shu as the crown of the Zhou Dynasty and gave him precious ritual vessels to show his virtue. At the same time also won the admiration of wei ren. In the 13th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1707), the Yi people established Kangshu Temple in Nanjie, the county seat, to offer sacrifices to the Spring and Autumn Period.

Kang Shu gave birth to Kang Bo. Kang Shu succeeded to the throne after his death and became the second generation monarch of the country. Compaq gave birth to Cowper, who succeeded Compaq as the third generation monarch; Cowper gave birth to a son, who succeeded Cowper as the fourth generation monarch; Heir gives birth to heir, and heir succeeds to the throne as the fifth generation monarch, and heir gives birth to Jing Bo.

Jing Bo is Kang Shu's sixth grandson. After his father died, he succeeded to become the monarch who defended the country for six generations. Jingbo has a grandson's name. According to Yaoyao Hu's book Seeking the Roots of China's Surname, Shijie, also known as Shijie, is Wei Shangqing. According to Zhou's patriarchal clan system, the son of the monarch of the vassal state is called Gongzi and the grandson is called Gongsun. The descendants of the Gongsun family have been slightly alienated from the first-class blood, but they can still take the name of their grandfather (Wang Fu) as their surname and breed another branch of the clan. In this way, Shi Zhizhong, the grandson of Shijie, took his word "Shi" as his surname, thus separating Shi from Ji's surname.

The Shishi family in Qixian County is an authentic descendant of Shijie and now lives in more than ten villages in Qixian County. Although there is no official family travel record, as an old household in Qixian County, it has been passed down from generation to generation, and the ancestor is Shijie. Teeth are concentrated in Fuzhuang Village and Genan Village of Chao Ge Town; Nihe Village and Side Village in Gaocun Town; Guoyangwan Village and Wuzhuang Village in Beiyang Town; Gu Yan Village and Xinzhuang Village in Qiaomeng Township.

In addition to Wei's Ji surname, Zheng's and Jin's Ji surnames also gave birth to two stone surnames, Gongsun Duan of Zheng, whose son and grandson took his word as their surname. Also known as the state of Jin eats me, and later generations take its word as surname, which is also surname. Song's son's surname also gave birth to a stone surname, Song's son (son's surname) Duan, and his descendants also took stone as their surname.

Among the ethnic minorities, the surname of Shi from Henan was changed earlier by the Wu family in Xianbei. After Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to Luoyang, he began a large-scale reform, one of which was to change Xianbei's surname to Han's. According to Guan Shizhi, the surname of Wu in Xianbei was changed to the surname of Shi. After the Xianbei people changed their surnames, they all took Luoyang as their home, so Luoyang is another important origin of Henan's historical surnames. This matter is also recorded in other books. Yao Weiyuan mentioned in the "Hu's Examination in the Northern Dynasties" that Han Yu wrote an epitaph for a man named in the Tang Dynasty. The epitaph says: You are afraid of flood, and the word Ruichuan. His ancestor's surname is Wu Shi Lan, and his ninth ancestor is Shi Meng. He followed Tuoba's family to the Central Plains and lived in Henan, so he removed "Wu" and "Lan" from his surname and changed it to a single surname. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty Shi Hongchuan also recorded that his ancestor's surname was Wu, which was later changed to a single surname.

Another Jew surnamed Shi from Henan settled in China during the Song Dynasty. Jews surnamed Shi came to China for business by sea and land from the Tang Dynasty. Land passes through Persia and India and enters the Central Plains along the Silk Road. The sea gradually entered the mainland from Zhejiang and Fujian, and the number increased continuously. It reached its peak in the Song Dynasty and paid tribute to the Song Dynasty. After they once paid tribute to Xibu, the Emperor of the Song Dynasty said, "I belong to China, so abide by it." As a result, a large number of Jews stayed in China, especially in Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. After Jews stayed in China, they gradually stopped engaging in commercial activities and began to join the army, hold official positions and practice medicine. They have penetrated into every corner of China people's lives, integrated with the Chinese nation and become a member of the Chinese nation. Their surnames are all given by the emperor, and among many surnames, there is history. In the second year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1498), the inscription of Jews in Henan recorded that Jews in Song Dynasty had 17 surnames, among which there was history. In the early years of Qing Dynasty, Kaifeng Jews had seven surnames, including Shi surname. The origin of this stone surname should be Kaifeng, Henan.

In addition to the surname Shi, which originated in Henan, there are also many branches of surname Shi among ethnic minorities in other regions. In the Tang Dynasty, the Stone Man came to China to settle down and took Shi as his surname. According to the New Tang Book, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were nine regimes in the Amu Darya River Basin in Central Asia: Kang, An, Cao, Shi, Mi, He, Huo Xun, E and Shi. The following eight countries are branches of Kang's surname, and Kang lived in Zhaowu City (now Linze, Gansu Province) in the north of Qilian Mountain, so all nine countries took Zhaowu as their surname. When the Stone Kingdom was also called Zhe Zhi, Zhe Zhi and Zhe, in the Taskan region of Uzbekistan, which is now the Commonwealth of Independent States, the capital was the city of Zhe. During the Yonghui period (650-655), the nine surnames of Zhaowu volunteered to join the Tang Dynasty, some people took Shi as their surname, and the Shi family added a new member. After they joined the Tang Dynasty Empire, they also brought songs and dances from the western regions, which had a great influence on the songs and dances of the Tang Dynasty. As can be seen from the musicians, there was a famous western minority artist named Shi Baoshan. According to "A Brief History of Miao Nationality", there are five major surnames of Miao nationality in western Hunan. Among them, the surname of Shi is the localized surname of Miao nationality, which comes from the two mountains of Dashi (house) and Xiaoshi (house) in Songshan area where they used to live. Some scholars have made textual research on the origin of Shi surname of Yi people. They think that "Luo" means stone in Yi language, and there are many cases of "Luo" in Yi people's names in real life. In some places, "Luo" is directly translated into Chinese "Stone", such as the Yi people in Zanheila Village, Meijue Township, Eshan County, Yuxi Prefecture, Yunnan Province, with 92 families and 444 people, divided into three surnames: Stone, Pufang and Fang. The stone surname of the Jie nationality, the Jie nationality has no surname. For example, my grandfather's name is Ye and my father's name is Qi Yijia. According to the Book of Jin, it was a man named Shi and Ming Le. In this regard, Mr. Pu once pointed out that the pronunciation of "Jie" in ancient Chinese is similar to [Kiat], while in Xiongnu language, Kiat means "stone", so the surname stone is likely to come from this; * * * Shi surname, the Shi surname in * * *, first appeared in history books and was written by Shi Chuwen, an official of Shu State before the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. According to legend, the surname of Shi in Bo Town, Hebei Province is a descendant of the Prime Minister of the Yuan Dynasty; The surname of the Jurchen nationality is Shi Zhan. Later, when it was translated into the Han surname, the stone character in the compound surname was regarded as the Han surname, and the surname of Junbao Shi, a playwright in the Yuan Dynasty, came from it. A stone surname of Manchu people was changed by the Guarga family. During the Ming Dynasty, Buha of Guarga was appointed as the left-back commander of Jianzhou by the Ming Dynasty. His sons and grandsons Oalloose and Han Shi successively succeeded the left-back commander of Jianzhou. Han Shi later turned against others, gave up his official position and moved to Quang Ninh. Because there is a word "stone" in the name, I changed my surname to "stone". Shi Mulu, Shi Erjia, Hou Le, Zahuta, Zakuta, etc. of Manchu were changed to historical surnames; Among the aborigines in Taiwan Province Province, Shao people are a group of aborigines in Taiwan Province Province. There are seven main surnames, among which Shi is the leader of the ethnic group, and its origin is difficult to test.

In addition, in history, some people changed their surnames to Shi surnames, such as Lou surnames to Shi surnames. According to the Book of the Northern Qi Dynasty, Lou, a wise empress of the Northern Qi Dynasty, suddenly found her clothes floating in the spring of the second year of Taining (562). Queen Lou (who was already the Queen Mother at that time) was very surprised, so she asked the witch, took the witch's advice and changed her surname to Shi. Ran changed his surname to Shi. According to historical records, Ran Min was a native of Neihuang County in Wei County (northwest of Neihuang County in Henan Province). Originally the adopted grandson of Shi Hu, the Emperor of the Later Zhao Dynasty, he changed his surname to Shi. In the fifth year of Yonghe (349), Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty abandoned the Buddha and established the world. In the second year, he abolished the historical lessons, became emperor on his own, and changed his surname to Ran. Zhang was changed to stone. According to the records of Hou Zhao, there was a man named Zhang who changed his name to.

2. Broadcast and Mobile

The northern stone surname first spread in Henan, and then spread to all parts of the north. Since Shi Jie got his surname, his family has been a senior official of Weiguo for generations. Weiguo later moved its capital several times for various reasons such as war, and historians also moved with the migration of Weiguo's capital. At first, its capital was established in Qixian County, Henan Province, then moved to Chuqiu (now hua county, Henan Province), and then moved to Diqiu (now Puyang, Henan Province) and Qinyang, Henan Province. With the constant changes of the capital of Weiguo, Shi's family also spread. By the Western Han Dynasty, there were many people surnamed Shi in the northwest. Shi Fan, a 10,000-strong native of wen county, Henan Province, followed Liu Bang to Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty. The Shifen family had many senior officials in the Western Han Dynasty, and their family background was prominent. In addition, in the research of surnames, it is said that Shi "looks out of Wuwei and Bohai" and "looks out" refers to the county, which means that he lives in the county and is looked up to by the local people. Therefore, the Stone Family is a prominent family in Wuwei County and Bohai County. Wuwei County was established in the second year of the Western Han Dynasty (12 1). The capital of Wuwei County, now known as Guzang County (now Wuwei County, Gansu Province), was abandoned in Huang Kai in the third year of Sui Dynasty (583) and rebuilt in the third year of Daye (607). In the early years of Tang Wude, it was changed to Liangzhou, the first year of Tianbao (742). Bohai County was also established in the Han Dynasty, starting from Hejian County in Hebei Province in the east, Cangxian County in the west, Anci County in the north and Wudi County in Shandong Province in the south. Located in Fuyang (now Cangxian County, Hebei Province). Lin Bao, a native of the Tang Dynasty, recorded in Yuanhe Family Name Spectrum that there were four counties of stone lions: Bohai, Pingyuan (now Shandong), Shangdang and Henan (Luoyang, Henan). It can be seen that the surname Shi was already a big surname in the Tang Dynasty, and it was widely distributed. According to the genealogy of Tongzhi people in Taiwan Province Province, in the early Tang Dynasty, people with a history of surnames followed them from Gushi, Henan, and entered Kaizhangzhou, Fujian. By the Five Dynasties, they had developed into a prominent family in southern Fujian. According to Shi's genealogy, in the fourth year of Tiancheng in the late Tang Dynasty (929), Shi Cong moved from Shou County, Anhui Province to Tongan, Fujian Province. His descendants are not only scattered all over Fujian, but also moved to Guangdong.

During the Tang Dynasty, stone men from the western regions joined the Tang Dynasty. After stone men joined the Tang Dynasty, they all took stone as their surname. At that time, many ethnic minorities in the western regions joined the Tang Dynasty. In order to accommodate them, the Tang Dynasty established overseas Chinese prefectures in Lingzhou (now southwest of Lingwu in Ningxia), Qingzhou (now Qingyang in Gansu), Yinzhou (now northeast of Hengshan in Shaanxi) and Zhou Xia (now Jingbian Baicheng in Shaanxi). In the eighth year of Tang Kaiyuan (720), Stone Goddess and others led the troops to capture the six countries, and were pacified by Tang Jun the next year. In the 11th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (723), Liuzhou was abolished, and people with nine surnames from Zhaowu moved to Henan and Jianghuai areas. In the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738), Yizhou was established in the Tang Dynasty (located in the south of Otog Banner in Inner Mongolia), with its capital in nine planets. In the second year of Zhenyuan (786), Tubo attacked Tang, and Tang moved nine planets to Yun (now Datong, Shanxi) and Shuo (now Shuoxian, Shanxi). Wu Zhao and nine planets have been engaged in agricultural production and entered the Central Plains.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Shi's surname began to migrate to the south in large numbers, and then frequently migrated between southern regions. According to the genealogy of Shi's family, the ancestor of Shi's family in Zhejiang Province was named Shi Zhi and moved to Jinhua from Xinchang. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, his descendants moved to the foot of Sun Ling at Fenshuierguan to escape the war, and later gradually developed into a large family in Zhejiang. The ancestor of the Shishi family in Rugao, Jiangsu Province is Dianthus, whose word is Jibang. In the early Yuan Dynasty, Dantu moved to Rugao. Shi surname in Jintan, Jiangsu Province, is a descendant of Shi Yannian, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Shi Yannian's ancestral home is Youzhou (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province) and his home is in Song Cheng (now Shangqiu City, Henan Province). Later, in the capital of song dynasty (now Kaifeng, Henan province), he served as the official of Guanglu Dali Temple and Prince Zhongyun, and lived in Danyang Garden in his later years. One of his 14 th descendants, Shi, moved from the garden to Jintan Luzhuang and became the original ancestor of the Shi family in Luzhuang. The ancestor name of Shi surname in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province is Shi Bangyan, formerly known as Zu Shilian. In the Ming Dynasty, it moved from Jiangyin to Wuxi Jingting. One of the descendants of the surname Shi opened Yuanchang Machine Factory, Fuyuan and Yuanchang Hat Factory and private Jinxian Primary School in Shanghai in modern times. Shi Sixian is the ancestor of Renshi in Lishui, Jiangsu Province. After Song Gaozong crossed the south, he lived in seclusion in Danyang Lake in Jiankang to escape the war, which was passed down from generation to generation. Shi Liangqing moved from Danyang Lake to the Yellow River Mountain in Lishui, and passed it on for eight generations. Shi Yuntong moved to Meizhuang in Feng 'an Township.

Shi Binggui and Shi were the ancestors who entered Hainan. They were originally from Kantou Village, Putian County, Fujian Province, and entered Hainan in the Song Dynasty. Shi Binggui settled in Qiongshan, and Shi Guihua went to Wenchang.

During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, a man named Shi Yuquan started his career in Li Yongfeng, Nanjing, Fujian. Many of his descendants went to Taiwan Province Province and then spread abroad. In the early days of the Ming Dynasty, the Central Plains and other places suffered from war. In the Ming Dynasty, * * * moved a large number of people from Shanxi and other places to reclaim land in the Central Plains, and a large number of people surnamed Shi re-entered the Central Plains.

Hakka people generally have ancestral halls, and there are hall couplets in the ancestral halls of Hakka people. Hakka hall couplets are generally carved directly on the red pillars of the ancestral hall with black paint. Compared with the surnames of other nationalities, Hakka tanglian has richer cultural connotations. The interpretation of Hakka dialect in Ci Hai is a branch of Han nationality. It is said that from the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, a part of the Yellow River basin was forced to move southward because of the war, and by the end of the Tang Dynasty and the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. Settled in the east and north of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong, these people are called Hakkas to distinguish them from local residents, and later they gradually became the exclusive names of these Han people. The Hakkas migrated for a long time and experienced hardships along the way. After coming to the south, because the fertile land had already been reclaimed, they were forced to enter the barren hills to find a way out. Many Hakkas who moved south were deeply influenced by the Central Plains culture. Therefore, the Central Plains culture has been circulated among Hakkas. Because of this continuous cultural connection, Hakkas have a strong sense of ancestral roots and a strong yearning for their homeland, which is often reflected in their tanglian. Some people call their tanglian root-seeking. For example, the couplet of the stone ancestral hall in Xingning is "Zhao Ji River moved south to build Jiangnan, and Jiangnan expanded to Jiangnan for nearly three thousand years"; The second couplet is "Zu CuO Gong, Yuan Zu Fen Gong, Zu Gong Hu, Near Zu Chong Gong, Powerful and Magnificent". From the couplets, it is not difficult to see the basic context of Shi's spread and migration, from Henan to Jiangnan, from Jiangnan to Minnan, and then from Minnan to Lingnan.

After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of people with historical surnames emigrated overseas. By 1920, people surnamed Shi had lived in many States in the United States. According to the pages of surnames' history, history, history and history, to 1920, there are 23,826 newspaper news about these four surnames in the United States.

Apart from the sufferings of the people, he devoted most of his energy to his studies. He built a Lingbo Pavilion in his hometown with more than 40,000 books. Shi Yuyu is well-read and rigorous in his studies. His works run through the ages. His poems broke away from the portal since the Tang and Song Dynasties and became a family of their own, which was praised by people at that time. Shi's poetry collections include Du Fu's Poems, Poems Remained in Huayun 'an, Reading Collection, and Documentary. Shi is also an excellent playwright. His zaju "Nine Plays in Huajian" includes Fu Sheng's Giving Scriptures, Mulberry Picking in Luo Fu, Peach Leaves Crossing the River, Taoyuan Fisherman, Mei Fei Fu, Letian Kaige, Jia Dao's Sacrifice Poems, Cao Qin Shenzen and Saving Mountain Friends. In the eighteenth year of Daoguang, Shi Yuyu died at the age of 82.

Shi Dakai (183 1 ~ 1863), the wing king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, was born in Guixian, Guangxi. In his early years, he participated in the worship of God founded by Hong Xiuquan, and planned to prepare for the uprising with Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan. 185 1 jintian uprising, Shi Dakai served as the commander-in-chief of the left army, and soon he was named king of the wing. On the way of Taiping Army marching from Guangxi to Nanjing, he served as a pioneer, experienced many battles and made many meritorious deeds. 1in the spring of 853, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established its capital in Nanjing, renamed Tianjing, and Shi Dakai stayed in Tianjing to deal with the military and political affairs. 1854, the Western Expedition Army sent by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was defeated by the Xiang Army organized by Zeng Guofan in Xiangtan, Hunan Province, and the Western Expedition Army retreated one after another. Soon Wuhan fell and Jiujiang was in a hurry. At the critical moment, Shi Dakai was ordered to lead the army to Hukou, command the defenders in Jiujiang and other places to fight against Xiang stubbornly, and designed to defeat the Xiang navy in one fell swoop to reverse the unfavorable situation. /kloc-in the spring of 0/856, Shi Dakai was ordered to lead the army to Huiyuan Tianjing, and cooperated with the prince Qin Rigang to break the Jiangnan camp of the Qing army and break the siege of Tianjing by the Qing army. In the autumn of the same year, infighting broke out in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Yang forced Hong Xiuquan to claim long live, and Wei Changhui, the king of the North, killed Yang. Hong Xiuquan led the army and the people to kill Wei Changhui, which greatly damaged the strength of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In this case, Hong Xiuquan sent Shi Dakai back to Tianjing to assist the government, but after the change of Tianjing, Hong Xiuquan became suspicious of anyone. /kloc-in the summer of 0/857, due to the suspicion of Hong Xiuquan, Shi Dakai, in a rage, led 65,438+Wan Taiping Army, left Anhui and Jiangxi, passed through Zhejiang and Fujian, and entered Hunan, intending to establish a foothold in Sichuan, but lost the battle with Xiang Army and was forced to withdraw into Guangxi. After that, the team was revived and moved to southern Sichuan and northern Guizhou, and repeated battles were defeated. /kloc-in the summer of 0/863, Shi Dakai was blocked by Anshun Field on the Dadu River and surrounded by the Qing army, and the situation was very critical. Shi Dakai hoped to save his men with his own sacrifice, so he went to the Qing army camp, but soon his men were slaughtered by the Dadu River, and soon Shi Dakai was also killed in Chengdu.

New look of ancestral home

Qixian county 1

Qixian County is located in the north of Henan Province, 20 kilometers south of Zhengzhou/KLOC-0. Qihe River, Weihe River and Canghe River surround the south, north and east of Qixian County, with Taihang Mountain in the west and Woye Plain in the east. With a total area of 59 1 km2, it governs four townships and three towns, and has 176 administrative villages with a total population of 253,000. It belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons and large temperature difference between day and night. The annual average temperature is 13.9℃, the accumulated temperature above zero is 5 100℃, the frost-free period is 209-233 days, the annual sunshine hours are 2348.3 hours, and the average precipitation is 62 1 mm.

As early as three thousand years ago, the ancient city of Chao Ge stood on the banks of the Qi River. Qixian County was called Mo Yi in ancient times, also known as Moxiang, which was named after ink. Yin Zhou changed her name to sing. It used to be the imperial capital, the capital of defending the country for four generations in the late Yin Dynasty, and it has been the capital for nearly 500 years. It has a long history and rich culture, and is now a historical and cultural block in Henan Province.

Qixian county has convenient transportation. Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, 107 National Road and Beijing-Zhuhai expressway pass through the county from the east and west sides. The South-to-North Water Transfer Project to be excavated will collapse to the north, with Taihang Mountain in the west, Qishui River in the east, three mountains and emerald green mountains, surrounded by two waters, and a warm and beautiful climate. The ancient poem praised: "In the east, Qi Shui watches fish jump, and in the west, he listens to Taihang Luming Literature." "Henan Tongzhi" said: "Qingyan (now Yunmeng Mountain, called Qingyan Mountain in ancient times) represents the victory of fairyland, and Fushan is the wonder of secluded streams". In the Book of Songs Qi 'ao, "Looking for Qi 'ao, the green bamboo is graceful" is a true portrayal of the beautiful scenery of Qi Garden. Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty once wrote a joint praise with the blue water and green hills in Qixian County for a while: "Qi Shui Yan Bo is half full of spring scenery; Taihang pine snow reflects the blue sky. "

Qixian county's superior geographical location and warm and beautiful natural environment attracted the princes of past dynasties to compete for hegemony and became the political, economic and cultural center. Wu Ding and Wu Ji of Shang Dynasty moved to Mo in BC 1250 and BC 1 143 respectively. 11155438+05 BC, Diyi made its capital in Momo, and its son Di Xin (Zhou Wang) was still there, so it was renamed Chao Ge. After Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Xixi established its capital here for 383 years. In the third year of Qin Ershi (207 BC), Xiang Yu named Sima An the king of Yin and the king of all ages. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the imperial court was established; During the Warring States period, it belonged to Wei. The Qin Dynasty belongs to Sanchuan County. Chao Ge County, Han Zhi; In the Three Kingdoms, Chao Ge County was established in Wei, Chao Ge County was changed in Jin Dynasty, and Qilin County was established in Northern Wei. To move to Wei county; In the early Tang Dynasty, Wei County was promoted to a state; In three years, Chang 'an of Tang Dynasty was restored to Qilin County. In the sixth year of Song Xining, Wei County was reduced to a town and merged into Liyang (now Xun County); During the reign of Yuan You, Wei County was restored; Qi zhou was renamed in Yuan Dynasty, named after Qishui. In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, it was reduced to Qixian County, which was caused by it in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded as a county government. 1September, 954, Qi County was withdrawn and merged into tangyin county. 1August, 962, the organizational system of Qixian county was restored.

As early as 7000 years ago in the early Neolithic Age, the descendants of Qihe made pottery and cultivated here. They sow in spring and harvest in autumn, hunt in summer and hunt in winter, and "pick slugs" and "cut sandalwood" with hard-working hands. It has created a colorful and unique Qihe culture and created the historical glory of the ancient capital.

Qixian county has a long history and rich cultural relics. There are 69 county-level cultural relics protection units, 9 provincial-level cultural relics protection units and national-level cultural relics protection units 1. Ruhuawo Site is one of the typical early Neolithic cultural sites in China, which is located at the top of Huawo Village, which is15km northeast of Qixian County. Cultural relics of Longshan culture, Erligang culture and Yin Shang culture were discovered in the ancient city of Chao Ge. There is Chao Ge Village on Taihang Mountain in the northwest of the city 12km, and Zhou Wang Temple (Village) is said to be the place where Zhou Wang stationed troops. Zhou Wang's Tomb and da ji's Tomb are located on the west bank of Qihe River, 7.5 kilometers east of the city. After Jing Ke failed to assassinate Qin Shihuang, he was buried in a well-preserved tomb near the broken shin in the south of Qixian County. Qianzui Grottoes are located in the east of Qianzui Village in the west of Qixian County. It is a work of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, with existing Buddha statues 1030, and is a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit; Qingyan Grottoes, located on the banks of Qihe River, 20 kilometers northwest of Qixian County, were excavated in the Song Dynasty, and there are more than 600 existing Buddha statues, which are provincial-level cultural relics protection units. Yunmeng Mountain, located at the west of Qixian County 15km, is the first military school in Chinese history-Warring States Military Academy. Guiguzi, the originator of military strategists, was founded, and a number of famous military strategists, militarists, diplomats and immortals such as Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Sun Bin, Pang Juan, Mao Meng, Fan Wei and Mao Sui were successively cultivated. Water curtain cave (Guiguzi Cave), Dust-washing Cave (Sun Bin Cave), Pangjuan Cave, the worse gate, etc. There are more than 30 cultural landscapes and fascinating natural landscapes, making Yunmeng Mountain a tourist attraction and a national AAAA-level scenic spot. In 2006, it was rated as the best tourist scenic spot in China and the top ten charming scenic spots in Henan. In particular, Yunmeng Alpine Prairie is even more desirable. When I first arrived here, there were desert scenery, beautiful autumn wind and a sudden sense of foreign land, which made me linger. Nantianmen and Bagua City are magnificent and fascinating. Lingshan Temple is a temple with a history of thousands of years, which was founded in the Southern Liang Dynasty. This is the holy land for Nu Wa to mend the sky by refining stones and make people by clay sculpture. There are Nuwa Peak and Renzu Cave, which are sacred places for Chinese children to pay homage to their loving mothers. The ancient city of Weiguo is a key cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province, with a length of 3 100 m from north to south and a width of 2 100 m from east to west, which truly reflected the great country style of Weiguo at that time.

Qixian, an ancient land, has also nurtured many people with lofty ideals who are famous for their literature and martial arts. The king of Yin Xin, who was praised by * * * as a literate and martial artist, was all-powerful and brave in reform, which consolidated the unity of the Central Plains and laid the foundation for the great unity of the Chinese nation. Ji Zi, who created China's literati poetry, left the eternal swan song "Mai Xiuge"; Bigan, who dared to make faces and died for his country, is still alive; Humble and self-respecting, Wei Wugong, who founded the first garden in China, impressed future generations; Shi Jie, who is loyal to his family, is known as a pure minister; The poems of Mrs. Xu Mu, the first patriotic poetess in China, are well-known throughout the ages. Guiguzi Wang Chan, the founder of the first ancient military academy in China, has a great masterpiece, which is spread all over the world; Jing Ke, a righteous man who dared to stab the king of Qin, was respected for his righteous deeds; In the program's 40-year-old monk's law, the door is open to the east, so you can fan the wind.

Qixian county has a good economic foundation and strong industrial support. In 2003, it was designated as a key county for opening to the outside world in Henan Province and an advanced county for agricultural restructuring in China. In 2004, it was designated as an extended county by Henan Province. 69 economic management rights were granted to Qixian county in four aspects: partial expansion of tax rights, direct declaration of projects, direct examination and approval of land use and direct issuance of licenses, which created a good system and policy environment for economic development.

Qixian county is rich in high-quality agricultural and sideline products such as wheat, corn, cotton, peanuts, soybeans, pears, persimmons, walnuts and peppers. The crucian carp, silk-wrapped duck eggs and soft-core candied dates in Qihe River were once the tribute of the emperor in history and were called "three treasures" in Qixian County. Rare animals and plants such as Rabdosia rubescens, four-legged snakes and two-tailed scorpions have high medicinal value.

Qixian county enjoys a superior geographical position. It is located in the center of important cities in northern Henan, such as Anyang, Puyang, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Kaifeng and Zhengzhou. Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, National Highway 107, Dahai Line and Xunnan Line pass through the territory. The county 175 administrative villages are the first in the province to realize every village's access to oil roads (referring to roads with asphalt pavement, which are called paint roads by locals), and every village has access to national roads. The density of urban and rural oil roads is among the best in the province, and the transportation is extremely convenient. Since the reform and opening up, Qixian has made great progress in various undertakings, and industrial construction has mushroomed, forming a relatively complete industrial system; Agricultural production has developed vigorously, and through structural adjustment, the output per unit area has been greatly improved. In particular, animal husbandry has become a pillar industry, and the per capita meat and eggs have ranked first in the province for more than ten years.

In order to revive Chao Ge's glory, recreate its glory and realize a harmonious well-off society at an early date, the people of Qixian County are sailing on the Qihe River, braving the wind and waves, eating and drinking, striving for innovation, and welcoming tomorrow's sunrise, in order to implement the three development strategies of "strong economy county", "big animal husbandry county" and "famous tourist county".

2. Luoyang

Luoyang is located in the west of Henan Province and the east of Eurasian Continental Bridge. It is one of the first historical and cultural cities in the State Council and one of the eight ancient capitals in China. It is located at11.8' to 1 12.59' east longitude and 33.35' to 35.05' north latitude.