Maeda Toshiie's main achievements

Maeda Toshiie, a Japanese unparalleled gun, experienced three stages in his military career. In the first stage, before Li Jia became the monarch of Qian Yue, he was a brave young general under Oda Xintai. He always took the lead in the battle and did not retreat even if he was injured. One of the three surprise attacks in the Warring States period was the battle between barrels and narrow spaces. In the first volume of Xinbo, Maeda Mata Saemon ranked first in the list of people who became famous in the morning. In the siege of Guanyin Temple City, the Li family took the lead in attacking the enemy city and won the first battle. Nobunaga was in danger of being cut off from his retreat in the famous battle of Kanazaki in the history of the Warring States. When Nobunaga, the guardian of angel lee, fled back to Kyoto, it was said that Nobunaga was only about 65,438+00 people. According to textual research, Li Jia's gun is a heavy gun, with a handle of about nine feet and a body of about one foot, with a total length of more than three meters. Li Jia, who makes good use of this weapon, has been fighting hard and is nobunaga's confidant.

In the second stage, in the third year of Tianzheng (1575), Li Jia became the governor of Qian Yue and gradually became independent in administration. He began to try to run his own territory, conducting independent land inspections and hunting knives in the territory. But in terms of military establishment, the three people in the government are always an inseparable whole, and * * * participated in the siege war of taking Tianjin Yidan and sowing Miki. In recent years, it is rare to see the record of the Li family going into battle in person, and the position is similar to that of the teachers in the big corps.

In the battle of Changxiao, iron cannons were used as new weapons on a large scale for the first time. According to Xinbo's records, the Li family served as the commander of the iron artillery team in the battle of Chang Xiao, with thousands of iron cannons under their command, and their tactics and tactics were quite appropriate, which made great contributions to the victory of Weaving Tianjun. "Chang Xiao He Zhan Ping" depicts the picture of Li Jia commanding the iron artillery team to block the Takeda Army's Makita Shengang Department at the forefront of the anti-Mashan fence. Nobunaga Koji records that the list of enemy generals wanted by Li Jia's cabinet also includes "Genji Tianmu Gate".

In the fourth year of Tianzheng (1576), Nobunaga built a map city. According to the research of Antu Chengguo Research Institute, Tianshou Pavilion in Antu City faces south, and the main road under it is called "Dashou Road", which leads directly to the south gate of the city wall. Nobunaga arranged a luxurious mansion for his subordinates around Tianshou Pavilion. To the east of Dashou Road is the residence, and to the west is the residence of Chai Xiuji, commander-in-chief of Dashou Road. As far as the straight-line distance to Tianshou Pavilion is concerned, Maeda is near and Yuchai is far away. It is said that Yuchai Prefecture also has the function of welcoming hotels. Maeda Prefecture is garrison headquarters, which is in charge of urban public security.

In the 12th year (1584), Nobuo Oda formed an alliance with Tokugawa Ieyasu, erected the banner of overthrowing Yukio Hatoyama, and the two armies engaged in a large-scale war for nearly a year. At the end of the war, the Li family defeated Sassa Narimasa, whose troops were several times his own, with extraordinary courage and tactics. On September 8th (65438+1October 1 1), Sassa Narimasa was advancing 15000 troops and directly attacked the border of Kaga. Mori City is located at the end of the strategic position, at the root of Nengden Peninsula. By controlling Mori, Maeda's Nengden and Kaga's territory can be divided into two parts, and then the whole Hokuriku war situation can be mastered. After arriving in Mori City, the garrison commanders were Li, Hideyoshi Omura, Hideyoshi Fanchang and Tufei, the veteran minister of Tufei. The total number of defenders is 1500, which is far from the besieged Sasaki army. Sassa Narimasa set this array in Hirai Mountain, about six kilometers south of Sendi City, and ordered Zhang of Shen Bao to guard the reinforcements in the coastal front line and launch a fierce offensive in the early morning of September 9 (10+02). Sasaki soon conquered Ermaru and seized the granary in the city. At the end of Mori City, most of the defenders suffered casualties, so they retreated to this pill.

At noon on September 10 (10, 13), the Li family got the news that Samson was going to war. At that time, the military strength of Sasuke and Maeda was very different, and Maeda was insufficient. Many ministers thought that rescuing Samson was tantamount to killing themselves, and advised the Li family not to go. The brave and loyal Lee family decided to let their eldest brother Maeda stay in Kanazawa for a long time, leading 2,500 people to the rescue. The Li family learned from the villagers in the village that Zhang Shen of Shen Bao was lying in ambush in the area of Chuankou River, so they ordered the troops to go down the river. The fine sand on the coastline will become very strong after absorbing water, and the cavalry can pass smoothly. Li Jiajun sealed the horse's mouth with kelp, bypassed the wooden stake obstacles left on the coast, and marched quietly along the coast.

Early the next morning, when the offensive and defensive war in Sencheng was about to fall, Li Jia personally went into battle and led reinforcements to launch a fierce attack behind Zuozuojun. Zuo Zuojun, who was deployed in the two places, was caught off guard and was quickly defeated by the army the day before yesterday. Li Jia and Li Chang entered the city and joined forces with Okura Yongfu and other regions. Although Sasaki tried to fight back again, Maeda's army commander, Lian Longbu, followed. Sassa Narimasa saw that the tide had run out and had to withdraw from Vietnam. The bravery of the Li family reached its extreme in this battle, and the commander, Yukio Omura, became famous all over the world. This battle was the fiercest one between Maeda and Sasaki, and Sasaki suffered heavy losses. A total of 12 generals died in battle and had to turn to strategic defense.

The third stage is the Toyotomi Hideyoshi period. In the 18th year of Tianzheng (1590), during the Battle of Odahara, Xiuji mobilized 220,000 troops, and the Lee family overwhelmed the well-born and powerful commander of the Northern Army, and dispatched 50,000 troops to command, command, Hirayama, Kyrgyzstan and Torii Mototada. As the second In the snow in the Northland was not changed, the Li family decided to attack Song Tian, the stronghold of Ueno, from Meinong to the east of Beiguan. Song Tian City is Ueno's first stronghold, and the garrison commander Daosi dug deep trenches, connecting the satellite cities together and launching a life-and-death battle. The Li family completely surrounded the city, cut off the water source in Song Tian, and then pulled out the surrounding branches one by one. The Taoist temple was complicated and difficult to support. The book was stuck on the arrow shaft and shot into the Li family camp. Kaicheng surrendered.

After Song Tian opened the city, the Li family took the Daosi political complex as the pioneer, and won Beiguan Dongjilun City, Jiuqiao City, Shicang City, Ximucheng and other cities almost without bloodshed. The Lee family visited Xiuji, whose headquarters is in Zaoyun Temple in Dongben. Xiuji ordered angel lee and Jingsheng to lay this array on Dahongshan opposite Zaoyun Temple, so he quickly built a city mound on the mountain, which was later called Shiyuanshan Night City. The actual construction time was about one month. Later, the Lee family continued to wipe out the northern forces in the North Kanto, and after conquering the cities of Musashi Yusheng, He Yue, Songshan, Iwate and Kuhai, they attacked Bawangzi.

The Duke of Eight Princes is the bravest and most skillful photo of the Kitajima family. He has long been ready for a full-scale war of resistance. All the men under the age of 70 and above/kloc-0.5 were enlisted in the army for military training, and all the residents outside the city were ordered to enter the city, and the families of the lords of various countries were sent to Odahara as hostages. Zhao Shi is in Odawara City at this time, leaving behind the target of the city's generation of cross-prison-the Minister of the Interior, Kanno Temple. Knowing that the defenders in the city were extremely hard, the Li family had no possibility of surrendering. On June 23rd (July 24th), a general attack was launched, which started the most fierce battle of Eight Prince City in Odahara. At 2 am, attack force began to set fire to the city. After dawn, the soldiers broke into the highway and fought fiercely all over the city.

According to the excavation of historical sites, the Tianshou Pavilion in the Eight Emperors City was completely burned down, and a large number of iron cannon jade (bullets), swords and armor fragments were dug up on the road leading to Tianshou Pavilion, which shows the fierce fighting at that time. The competition between the two sides tends to be fierce in the small palace curved wheel near the top of the mountain, and 30 horses, including Aoki Maeda Shinichi, died in battle. The fighting continued until the evening, and the Eight Prince City fell. The wives and children of the defenders headed by Zhao Shi Dashi Bizot arrived in Hanoi from Tianshouge, and their blood flowed like a river for three days and three nights. In the end, more than 3000 people died in the north. After the war, 65,438+0,283 bodies of Toyotomi soldiers were sent to the nearby Ji Xiang Temple to work, including many Maeda family ministers. Up to now, there are still many mourning letters written by Li Jia and Chang Li to survivors.

On July 5th (August 4th), Odahara surrendered in the north of the city, and Hideyoshi ordered hūjūuji masa, Beisi Zhao and Matsuda Xianxiu to have caesarean sections. Beier was saved from death because he was Tokugawa Ieyasu's son-in-law, and was exiled to Mount Kea. The ministers who surrendered to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Zheng Fan Dazhi and Matsuda Hyun-soo, were also ordered to have a caesarean section for disloyalty. After ruling Kanto for a long time, the Houbeitiao clan perished and the Odahara conquest ended.

Maeda Toshiie, who has been fighting all the year round, is not only brave and good at fighting, but also has excellent judgment on the situation, and also has strong computing power and outstanding economic mind in the increase and decrease of soldiers, the requisition and distribution of soldiers' food, and the dispatch and use of military expenses. He also has a strategic vision of building a city. It is said that the Li family is an expert in using guns. When the Lee family built Kanazawa City, they built many defensive facilities to resist gun attacks. There are many "iron cannon holes" in the "Tsumaru Earth Wall" in Kanazawa City. From Sanma's point of view, this wall is just a simple sea rat wall, which can break tiles to reveal a loophole that can be attacked by a gun in an emergency, so it is called "invisible loophole". The early courtiers of the Li family are generally divided into two categories, one is the barren courtiers who began to work in the era, and the other is the courtiers who appeared in the court during the Three People's Dynasties. These two kinds of courtiers later became Maeda's generation and had the deepest relationship with the Li family, so they were called "their own seats", and the new courtiers who joined later were called "new seats" to show the difference. The earliest barren sons were formed long before the Lee family succeeded the governor. The so-called "Seven Juezi" are Yamamori Zhiyi, Omura Yongfu, Yoshida Magoby, Nishizaki Shiro Saemon, Sanlun Zuozang, Yamamori Jiusi, Jin Yan and Tsurunosuke, which are the retainer groups inherited by the Li family from their fathers and brothers. 1556 (the second year of Hongzhi), the Li family recruited Nashi as the first minister Murakami Takashi, and other barren sons were Harada Taimen, Kunda Sun Uemon, Shinoda Sun Zhu, Tomita, Kawahara Hyogo, Okura Sun Zhu, Okura Yasemen, Kaneda Satoshi, Nozaki root cutting Gate, Okamoto Yukichi and Takada. The barren son followed the Li family and participated in many major military actions of Oda Nobunaga. 1573 (the first year of Tianzheng), in the battle of Doggenheim Mountain in pursuit of asakura's potential, Mr. Lai, Mr. Humen and Mr. Omura Yongfu, three retainers of the Li family, made great contributions and were personally commended by Nobunaga. The official formation of the family retainer group was in the middle of the government. The earliest extant document on the composition of the Li family ministers' group is the Tenzheng Three-year House Pageant Account, which lists 2 1 ministers known as the 21 members of the House, and their salaries range from 70 to 1000 stone. Qian Yue county 2 1 person list 1000 Ishida Goro Wei Bing, Maeda Eugene, Castle Peak and San800 Shikokuzaki Sun Shiro 250 Shi Cun Jingchang Lai, Otsuka East Gate 200 Shikoku Kondo Zengmen 180 Xiacun Sanzang 150 Shikoku Fukuda and Goro, Yoshida Changcang/.

There are 77 courtiers recorded in The Three Kingdoms of Moon River. In the middle period of Leqianfu, a large number of courtiers in the former dynasty, such as Sanlun Jizong, Yamazaki Changde, Hengshan Changlong and Fanchang, all joined the courtiers of the Li family. In the ninth year of Tianzheng (158 1 year), after the Li family was made a monarch, the scale of its vassal group was greatly expanded, and the foundation of a huge mass actor vassal group was laid in the government of this period. Eight famous luxury families in Kaga: Lujia, Zuben, Wuwanshi, Duozheng, Lijia and Duoxin's second son-in-law. Later, they changed their surnames to Maeda. Changjia (Lord of Cave Water → Lord of Submerged Water) is a 33,000-stone long dragon, and was originally Nobunaga's minister, and became Maeda Toshiie's minister after the change of Benneng Temple in ten years (1582). In the same year, he made meritorious service in the battle of Isurugi and won the China 3 10000 stone. The eldest son grew up and married Fu Ji, the eighth daughter of the Li family. The Hengshan family (Toyama Chengdai, formerly a vassal state of Kagoshima) owns 30,000 stones of Hengshan Nagato (the second son of Hengshan Changlong). Hengshan Changlong served the Li family as a retainer during the government period, which lasted eleven years (1583), and Ji Yue and Zheng died behind the Li family. Hengshan Changzhi, 15 years old was an official in Maeda Toshiie. Maeda's family (Changyu Department) (Shoushan Chengdai) is 654.38+0.8 million stone Maeda's family. The former official was Nobutaka Oda, and the official was Nobutaka Oda after Honnoji Temple's change. Later, he became the Minister of the Interior, guarding Qi Weicheng, and married Li's parents and daughter. Murai's family (inherited by Matsumoto) 1.65 million, and Murai's family (the eldest son of Murai) was the first household official recruited by the Li family in the second year of Hongzhi (1.556). He traveled around with the Li family and saved the Li family's life in the battle with Minister bad karma. Mr. Murai married the seven daughters of the Li family, Chiyoji. The ancestral home of Dacang (late Mori Dynasty) was 65438+3000 Yongfu, Shi Cun, and he was a former family official. When the Li family was awarded the title of Kaga, Okura was appointed as the military leader of the late Sen city. In the 12th year of Tianzheng (1584), at the end of the battle of Mori City, Sassa Narimasa's army was several times more than that of the former Tian Jun, and Okura persisted until the Lee family rescued him, successfully repelling the enemy. After the death of the Li family, Aocun became a monk and lived in seclusion. Later generations passed down from generation to generation to become the old man of Jiahe Fan. Aocun House (Stay? Jin Tancheng generation) 65,438+02,000 Shi Dacang Yiying (the second son of Okura Yongfu), the fourth generation served Kaga Maeda family (Li Jia Li Chang Li Chang Gao Guang), and became an old family in the twenty-first year of Changqing (65,438+0616). Maeda family (Zhi Zhi) (Komatsu generation)1.1.000000000000-Maeda Naoki, the eldest son of Ken Maeda, the second generation of Maeda Tosa family. A military commander who was born in Japan's troubled times during the Warring States period often lacks a straightforward temperament, but often lacks subtlety. Maeda Toshiie is an outstanding military commander and an abacus master. It is said that there is always an abacus in Maeda Toshiie's armor cabinet. When reorganizing the territory of the northeast forces and implementing the official residence in Austria, the Li family served as the commander-in-chief of the history of land inspection in Austria and was responsible for the land inspection in the northeast. It is said that he stood on a high place and said with his finger, "There are 50,000 stones here, 40,000 stones there, and there are 100,000 stones from this mountain to that mountain. After the actual investigation, it was almost exactly the same, and everyone was amazed at its ability. "

In the ninth year of Tianzheng (158 1), the Li family was made the king of the country and the king of the seven tails. Qiwei City was originally built by Man Qing, a mountain climber, at the beginning of15th century. Known as the "world famous city", it is not suitable as a ruling center because it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. In the first month of the following year, the Li family established a new home city in Maruyama, where land and water transportation is crucial. In the eleventh year of Tianzheng (1583), after the war, the Li family was sealed in Ishikawa and Hebei counties of Kaga, and the Li family moved the city to the mountain city of Kaga (Kanazawa City), and the tail mountain city was used as Maeda's capital in the whole Edo period. Kaga is a region dominated by farmers, and the one-way slap has a strong influence, and local tyrants are independent. In addition to completely quelling the domestic rebellion by cruel and high-pressure means, the Li family also strengthened the governance of the countryside, set up land reclamation incentives and land rent collection systems in various places in Nengdeng, and entrusted Takashimaya, a maritime carrier in Dunga, to transport it, thus ensuring a large number of marketing channels for Gong Mi in Kyoto in 2008. We are also actively developing commerce and handicrafts, mining minerals, smelting and casting utensils, and developing industries such as food, furniture, dyes, textiles, paper making and brewing. Li Jia set up a fish trading franchise in Qiwei Fish Town, and implemented the policy of "ten pleasures" (Donghai dialect, meaning freedom) in Lundao, encouraging free trade, exempting businessmen from part of business tax and promoting business prosperity.

According to the letters left by Maeda Toshiie, it is proved that his character is very careful and cautious, and he is very cautious about the format and language of letters. Such a man with a good economic mind and a rough mind left a very rich legacy. When Li Guren died, he left 2275 ingots, 2 16 ingots, 280 horses and 2850 horses of gold and silver to Li Chang, Fangchun and other institutions. At that time, many famous names, such as Hideyoshi Horizo, Hosokawa Morihiro, Data Masamune, etc. They all borrowed money from the Li family, which shows that under his careful management, Kaga Francisco has a solid economy. Maeda Toshiie mining information mining time and place mining Tianzheng first year (1573) Yueqianfu Zhongfang iron mine Tianzheng eleventh year (1583) Kaga Zecunshan gold mine Tianzheng twelfth year (1584) Nengdengbao Dashan gold mine Jiahefan, under the careful management of Li Jia, the commodity economy grew rapidly and brought prosperity. Li Jia has a strong interest in tea ceremony culture and is a disciple of Masajiro Morino, a Japanese tea ceremony master who calls himself "Tea Man". In addition to the tea ceremony, the Li family also fully supported the performing arts such as energy, bangzi and dance, and formulated cultural reward policies to give performers knowledge and positions to protect their performance ability. As protectors and strict supervisors, actors need to exercise their performance skills and inherit traditional skills.

The Li family's imperial dim sum shop "Tanghou Wusaburo Weimen Cake Shop" is known as the originator of dim sum shops, and Kanazawa is one of the three cake cities with the same reputation as Kyoto and Songjiang. The oldest existing Japanese abacus is Maeda Toshiie's abacus, which is 7 cm long and 13 cm horizontal. Beams are made of copper wires and beads are animal bones, which are now stored in the Zunjing Pavilion.

On June 19th, the 15th year of the reign of Emperor Tianzheng (1July 24th, 587), Toyotomi Hideyoshi issued the Order of Chasing Foreign Missionaries, which ruled that Catholicism was illegal and anyone who accepted Catholicism was a sinner. The church was founded in Yamato City. In Japanese history, flores is known as the pillar of native Buddhism in Japan. He made great contributions in the Battle of Yamazaki and the Battle of Yuehe, and Hideyoshi gave him the title of paving 60,000 stones of akashi. After the ban was issued, all Catholic celebrities had to choose between territory and faith. Among them, Pusheng Township and Kuroda Yoshitaka renounced religion, while Gaoshan Youjin resolutely chose faith, thus becoming a ronin with nothing. Alpine friends are hiding in the light moon island in Konishi Yukinaga. The Li family said to him, "Come to Kanazawa and give you 30,000 stones." . Takayama replied, "The salary is very small. I just want to rebuild the church in Kaga." . With the consent of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the Li family got a guest from the mountain. Mr. and Mrs. Li are quite understanding and tolerant of Catholicism. In Kaga, they rebuilt the Catholic Church and developed hundreds of believers. Later, Hao Ji, the fourth daughter of the Li family who returned to Kaga frustrated, also formed a small Christian high-level group and held a grand Christmas celebration in Kanazawa in the 13th year (1608). At the same time, the map of Japan published in Western Europe also clearly marked some place names in Kagawa, which may be caused by missionary activities near the mountain.

At present, the Ishikawa Art Museum still preserves the portraits of parents presented by the Li family when Changling Temple was completed, which are all important cultural relics in Ishikawa County. Among them, the size of Maeda Lichun's portrait is about 80 by 40 cm, and the silk book takes color as the keynote, depicting beginning of spring's appearance after becoming a monk. The attendant in front of the seat is ordering tea with the Tianmu tea bowl that China crossed. The whole work is imaginative and colorful. It is said that the author is a guest of Hasegawa and others. At that time, it was a rare work of art.