What was Heilongjiang in ancient times like?

Heilongjiang province is named after Heilongjiang, the largest river in the province. Heilongjiang was called Heishui in ancient times, and it was called "Sahalian Wula" in Manchu. "Sahalian" means "black" and "Wula" means "river". It was named Heilongjiang in the early days of the Qing Dynasty.

Heilongjiang is the eighth largest river in the world. The mountains in Xing 'an Mountains rise, and the rivers in the valley cut down to form Heilongjiang. Heilongjiang was called Bath Water, Wuhuan Water, Shilihan Water and Sahawulu in ancient times. Manchu is called "Saha Lianwula"; Mongolian is called "Halamulian"; The Russian name is Amur.

Qiqihar

Qiqihar is located in the Songnen Plain in the middle and west of Heilongjiang Province, adjacent to Heihe City. Qiqihar in Daur language means "natural pasture". It is the economic center and transportation hub in the west of Heilongjiang Province, and has now developed into a new tourist city.

Zhalong Nature Reserve, a well-known national scenic spot at home and abroad, is located 26 kilometers southeast of Qiqihar City, so it is also known as the "hometown of cranes".

Overview

Qiqihar is the second largest city and municipality directly under the central government in Heilongjiang Province, the political, economic, scientific, technological, cultural, educational, commercial and trade center and an important transportation hub in the western part of Heilongjiang Province. The city governs seven districts, one city and eight counties with a population of 5.611 million (1.439 million in the urban area). Qiqihar is one of the thirteen big cities in China approved by the State Council.

Qiqihar is located in Nenjiang Plain in the northwest of Heilongjiang Province. It borders Suihua area in the east, Baicheng area in Jilin Province in the south, Hulunbeier League in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the west and Heihe area in the north. It is 359 kilometers away from the provincial capital Harbin, 328 kilometers away from Suihua, 282 kilometers away from Baicheng, 524 kilometers away from Hailar and 483 kilometers away from Heihe. The geological structure belongs to the junction of the second subsidence zone and the third uplift zone of Neocathaysia, and the Nenjiang fault runs through the whole plain. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, with the southern foothills of Xiaoxing 'anling in the north and east, and Nenjiang alluvial plain in the middle and south.

Qiqihar is an ancient cultural city with a long history of more than 3 years. In 1674, the Qing government moved Jilin Navy to Qiqihar. In 1683, Qiqihar was designated as a navy division. In 1684, the Firearms Camp was established in Qiqihar. Qiqihar was built in 1691. In 1698 and 1699, the deputy commander-in-chief and the general of Heilongjiang were moved from Morgan to Qiqihar. In 1895, the Black Water Hall was set up in Qiqihar. Qiqihar was the capital of Heilongjiang Province in 197. Qiqihar implemented the city system in 1936. After the founding of New China, Qiqihar was successively the capital of Nenjiang Province, Heinen Province and Heilongjiang Province. In 1954, Heilongjiang Province merged with Songjiang Province, the capital was located in Harbin, and Qiqihar was changed to a provincial city.

Area: 42,469 square kilometers Population: 5,611, (1,439, in urban area)

Land resources At the end of 1998, Qiqihar had 26.2 million mu of cultivated land, 11.45 million mu of grassland, 5.6 million mu of woodland, 2.75 million mu of waters and weitang, and 1.95 million mu of wasteland.

The soils in Qiqihar mainly include dark brown soil (including grass dark brown soil and meadow dark brown soil), black soil, chernozem (including leached chernozem, meadow chernozem, carbonate meadow chernozem, chernozem and carbonate chernozem) and meadow soil (including meadow soil, carbonate meadow soil, latent meadow soil, salinized meadow soil and layered meadow soil). Most soils in Qiqihar have the advantages of high heat, good permeability, light texture and flat terrain.

forest resources in 1998, the forest land area in Qiqihar city was 685, hectares, including 415, hectares of woodland, 411, hectares of timber forest, shelter forest, economic forest and firewood forest, and the forest stock was 16.44 million cubic meters. The forest coverage rate is 11.7%.

Water resources There are more than 17 main rivers in Qiqihar, including Nenjiang River, Nuo Min River, Yarlung River, Handahan River, Wuyuer River and Yinhe River, and there are more than 8 lakes. The total amount of entry water in Qiqihar is abundant. There are 15 groundwater aquifers in Qiqihar City. In the plain groundwater distribution area, the aquifer has strong storage capacity, abundant recharge and shallow groundwater, which is convenient for development and utilization. The natural water quality of rivers in Qiqihar City is good, and groundwater can generally meet the requirements of drinking water.

mineral resources Qiqihar city is rich in underground resources and has broad development prospects. The discovered minerals are divided into 5 categories and 47 varieties. Among them, there are 19 varieties of nonmetallic minerals in 4 categories (stone, sand, soil and ash), with a total reserve of 13.9 billion cubic meters. The larger reserves are quartz sand, limestone, marble, volcanic rock, zeolite, medical stone, basalt, granite, diatomite and bentonite. There are also considerable reserves of oil, natural gas and other resources near the urban area.

administrative divisions

Longsha District, jianhua district District, Tiefeng District, Fulaerji District, Angangxi District, Nianzishan District, Meilisi Daur District, gannan county, Longjiang County, Keshan County, Kedong County, Yi 'an County, Baiquan County, Tailai County, Fuyu County and nehe city. The total area is 42,469 square kilometers (including 4,31 square kilometers in the urban area)

he cheng specialty

China, Yi 'an County, the hometown of white geese

Since 1991, the annual population of big geese in the county has reached more than 4 million. The products of three brands, such as "Yi Goose" brand white-striped goose and cooked goose products, produced by Swan Group have been certified as green food by the National Green Food Development Center, and their products are sold well in the north and south of the country and exported to Malaysia, Singapore, Russia and other countries.

the hometown of potatoes in China, nehe city

nehe city is one of the main production bases of potatoes and virus-free seed potatoes in China. The potato planting area in the city is about 83, mu every year, and the total potato output can reach 1.5 million tons. Its products such as Hong Kong Jin vermicelli, Lumin vermicelli and Shuangquan brand refined vermicelli are exported to Beijing, Guangzhou, Japan and the United States.

China Maifanshi Township in Nianzishan District

The resource reserve of Maifanshi in Nianzishan District is 14 million cubic meters. Because it contains more than 2 kinds of trace elements such as selenium, zinc, phosphorus, platinum and calcium, it is favored by domestic and foreign markets. The utensils such as drinking utensils and wine utensils, mattresses, granular fertilizers and powders produced from it are exported to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong.

China, Tailai County, the hometown of mung beans

Tailai County, located in the lower reaches of Nenjiang River, is a national ecological demonstration county. The mung bean contains 24 kinds of trace elements, and has the health care functions of clearing away heat, relieving heat, promoting diuresis, relieving hangover and stopping dysentery, invigorating primordial qi, protecting liver and nourishing stomach. Its products are sold to Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai and other places, and exported to South Korea, Japan, Russia and Southeast Asia.

China, Tailai County, the hometown of peanuts (Si Li Hong)

The "Si Li Hong" peanuts in Tailai County have white skin, uniform kernels and high oil content, which are suitable for raw food, cooking, baking, pickling, oil extraction and other processing. The peanuts produced are rich in vitamin E and unsaturated fatty acids. Regular consumption can reduce the accumulation of platelets and blood vessel walls, thus keeping blood vessels soft and delaying sclerosis.

Longjiang county, the hometown of mutton sheep in China

Longjiang county is the national production base of fine-wool sheep. At present, there are 53 specialized villages for raising sheep, 2 animal husbandry communities have been built, 143 breeding streets have been built, and the number of specialized breeding households has grown to 11,, with more than 1, sheep being slaughtered every year.

China, Kedong County, the hometown of fermented bean curd

Kedong fermented bean curd originated in 1915, and was praised by consumers as "the delicious food in China" and "the food in the forest is wonderful" for its unique craftsmanship and unparalleled taste. Products sell well in 25 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and are exported to Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, Macao and other countries and regions in batches.

the hometown of sunflowers in China, gannan county

In p>22, 8, mu of sunflowers were planted in gannan county, and the variety Gankui No.2 was bred by Sunflower Research Institute in gannan county, Heilongjiang Province. The main characteristics of this product are: high yield, large grain, light disease and no branching.

Baiquan County, the hometown of yellow beef cattle in China

Baiquan raises about 2, yellow beef cattle every year. Thoroughbred beef cattle have good quality, large size, fast growth and short cycle. In 21, it was named "China Yellow Beef Town" by the Organizing Committee of China Specialty Town. Last year. The number of yellow beef cattle raised in Baiquan reached 185,. The deep-processed green food of yellow beef cattle is exported to Russia, Hong Kong, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other countries and regions.

Climatic characteristics

Qiqihar City is located in Songnen Plain in the northeast of China, at 122-126 degrees east longitude and 45-48 degrees north latitude, bordering Daqing City and Suihua area in the east, Baicheng area in Jilin Province in the south, Hulunbeier League in Inner Mongolia in the west, and Heihe River and Daxinganling in the north, with a total land area of 42,289 square kilometers and an altitude of 2-5 meters.

Qiqihar belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate, and its four seasons are very obvious: dry and windy in spring, hot and rainy in summer, short and frosty in autumn, and long and dry in winter. Qiqihar belongs to a warm and arid agricultural climate zone in the south, a mild and semi-arid agricultural climate zone in the middle and a cool and semi-humid agricultural climate zone in the north.

The average annual temperature in Qiqihar is between .7 and 4.2 degrees Celsius, and the difference between north and south is about 3.5 degrees Celsius. The average annual frost-free period is 122 to 151 days. The annual radiation dose is 11 to 12 kcal per square centimeter, which is similar to that in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The radiation dose in the growing period (May to September) is 65 to 67 kcal per square centimeter.

the annual sunshine hours are 2,6 to 2,9 hours, and the sunshine hours in the growing period (May to September) are 1,3 to 1,35 hours.

the annual precipitation is between 4 and 55 mm, and the precipitation in the growing period is generally between 35 and 48 mm, accounting for more than 85% of the annual precipitation.

The favorable climatic conditions in Qiqihar are abundant radiation, rain and heat in the same season, while the unfavorable climatic conditions are drought, waterlogging, low temperature, early frost and wind, and their harm to crops varies greatly from year to year and from region to region.

places of interest

Dacheng Temple, formerly known as the Great Buddha Temple, was founded in 1939 and completed in 1943, covering an area of 4, square meters. The temple, which faces south, consists of a mountain gate, an annex hall, a main hall, a front hall and a back hall. There are 7 accessory halls around the main hall. The accessory halls are shaking arch buildings, and the roofs are paved with colored glazed tiles, all of which are 4 meters high and 3.3 meters wide. 8.3 meters long, 5 rooms each. Seven annex halls and mountain gates are combined in a octagonal arrangement, and the annex halls and mountain gates are connected by painted red brick walls. On the central axis, 26.3 meters away from the mountain gate, is the Temple of the King (Front Hall). The height and width are all 4.6 meters, and the length is 12 meters, with 5 rooms each, and the middle three rooms are connected into one. Dedicated to Maitreya Buddha, sitting north and south, 4 meters high, with Amitabha Buddha on the left and burning Buddha on the right. The East Single Room is dedicated to Guanyin Bodhisattva, and the Xidan Room is dedicated to Earth Treasure King Bodhisattva. On the central axis 18.3 meters away from the Heavenly King Hall is the Main Hall, which is the main building of Dacheng Temple. It is 4.8 meters high, 8.3 meters wide and 12 meters long, with five rooms each. On the roof, there is a unicorn carrying a 1.5-meter-high pagoda, and under the eaves, there are colorful wood carvings of various exotic animals. In the middle of the main hall is dedicated to Sakyamuni Buddha, with Manjusri Bodhisattva on the left and Samantabhadra Bodhisattva on the right. Behind the door is the Guanyin Bodhisattva sitting in the south and north. East single room is dedicated to Taishang Laojun, and Xidan room is dedicated to Confucius. On the central axis 18.3 meters away from the Hall of the Great Hero is the Tibetan Scripture Building (Back Hall), with two floors, each 4 meters high, with five or five rooms. The middle room downstairs is used for chanting. On the central axis 18.3 meters away from the Tibetan Scripture Building is the North Annex Hall. There are 5 Luohan Hall and the highest Guanyin Temple in the city (8 meters high).

Pukui Mosque was built in the 23rd year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1684), seven years before the city was built by Bukui, so it is said that "the mosque came first, then the city of Bukui". Covering an area of 6,4 square meters, it is located in jianhua district Mosque Hutong, Qiqihar City. After several repairs and expansions, the mosque has formed the largest and oldest Islamic religious building with Chinese characteristics in this province. The temple is divided into two temples, East and West, with similar layout, both of which are exquisite palace-style buildings with brick and wood structures. The main building consists of main hall, worship hall, kiln hall and arch profile. The two halls can accommodate 45 people to worship. Among them, the Dongsi Kiln Hall is a square tower building with eaves, with a gold-plated treasure top composed of lotus, gourd and crescent moon at the top, which is a must. In the thirty-first year of Guangxu (195), the mosque became the first social organization in Heilongjiang Province to help students. Therefore, Emperor Guangxu granted the temple a plaque of "be anxious for public interests and be kind to righteousness". Over the years, the Bukui Mosque has attracted many Muslims and people from all walks of life at home and abroad to pay homage with its rich cultural heritage and simple and vigorous temperament. It has also become a place for Muslims to celebrate the traditional festival "Erdai Festival". Bukui Mosque has played an important role in developing ethnic and religious undertakings and strengthening international exchanges. In 1981, Bukui Mosque was listed as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit by Heilongjiang Provincial People's Government.

the River-watching Pavilion was built in 198, which is located on the rockery on the east bank of the Labor Lake in Longsha Park. Zhou Shumo, the governor of Heilongjiang Province, "thought about boating in the rivers and lakes in order to win the battle against the current", twice invited Zhang Chaoyang to design and rebuild Jiancang West Park (now Longsha Park). Outside the south wall, a ditch was dug to attract Nenjiang River, and the west side of the ditch was covered with soil as a side mountain. A grass pavilion was built on the top of the mountain, which was originally named as Rainless Pavilion, and the pavilion looked west. The river was sparkling and the shore was shaded by trees. In 193, the grass pavilion was converted into a brick-wood pavilion. The building is 25 meters high and covers an area of about 22 square meters. In 195 and 1979, it was renovated twice, adding stone steps, stone walls, stone ladders and screens. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, party and state leaders Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Dong Biwu, Deng Xiaoping, etc. visited Qiqihar successively and visited Wangjianglou for sightseeing. On July 21st, 1964, Chairman Zhu De, Vice Chairman Dong Biwu and Vice Chairman Liu Bocheng visited Qiqihar City and visited Longsha Park. Looking at the building from afar, the spirit is refreshing, the Nenjiang River is rippling with blue waves, and Qiqihar has a panoramic view. Mr. Zhu improvised and wrote three characters of "Wangjianglou", and then made it into a long plaque with gold characters on a black background and hung it under the cornice, so it was renamed "Wangjianglou". In 1987, Wangjianglou was listed as a municipal key cultural relics protection unit by Qiqihar Municipal Government.

Temple Of Guan Yu, also known as Wu Temple, Laoye Temple and Guan Gong Temple. It was founded in Qianlong four years (1739). The temple is located in Longsha people's calligraphy and painting (now lost). From 198 to 1985, the Qiqihar municipal government rebuilt the temple again and officially renamed the "Guandi Temple" as "Guan Gong Temple". After renovation, Guan Gong Temple is a four-step building consisting of a mountain gate, a front hall, a main hall and a back hall. There are three mountain gates for rest and reception. The front hall, also known as Lingguan Hall, is dedicated to Wang Lingguan, the god of temple protection. On both sides of the temple are the Bell and Drum Tower, which is 8.5 meters high, with two floors and four cornices. The roof is decorated with gourds more than 1 meter high, reflecting the unique style of Taoism. The main hall, also known as the Hall of Loyalty, Righteousness and Hengtian, is 1 meters high and has three roofs. There are three tall statues in the center of the hall, with Guan Yu in the middle, Zhou Cang and Guan Ping in the left and right. There are heavy-colored murals on the wall with the legend of Guan Gong as the theme. The back hall is the Hall of Laojun, dedicated to Laozi, the founder of Taoism.