Information on overseas Chinese returning home to invest, run schools, etc.

History of Overseas Chinese in Wuyi

The three districts of Xinhui, Pengjiang and Jianghai under the jurisdiction of Jiangmen City and the four county-level cities of Taishan, Kaiping, Enping and Heshan are collectively known as Jiangmen Wuyi. It is located on the coast of the South China Sea, with a coastline of 283 kilometers and more than 70 small and large islands in the sea. It is adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao and is close to Southeast Asia. It has a docking station for foreign ships as early as the Ming Dynasty. The total area is 9,288 square kilometers and the current population is 3.9503 million; there are more than 2.15 million overseas Chinese and Chinese, accounting for 57% of the population in the hometown of overseas Chinese; together with more than 1.49 million compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao, the figure reaches 96%. Overseas Chinese and ethnic Chinese are distributed in 107 countries and regions, of which the United States and Canada are the largest, with more than 1.32 million people. There are 1.9648 million returned overseas Chinese, family members of overseas Chinese and family members of compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao in the hometown.

The Wuyi area has a long history of immigration, dating back to the Tang and Song Dynasties for more than a thousand years. Large-scale immigration occurred after the Opium War; until the founding of New China, there were two immigration climaxes: one from 1840 to 1882 (the U.S. Congress passed the first bill banning Chinese entry); the other after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War to the founding of New China.

In the sixth year of Qianfu of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty (879 AD, the same below), the Huangchao uprising spread from Shandong to Guangzhou and affected Xinhui. After the defeat, people fled to Sumatra and other places. I believe it will There are people from Wuyi.

In the second year of Xiangxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1279), the Yuan army carried out a decisive battle to destroy the Song Dynasty in the Yamen Sea area of ????Xinhui. 100,000 "King Qin" Song troops died, and about 30,000 defeated soldiers and people fled to Southeast Asia, including There are many people from Wuyi. After the fall of the Song Dynasty, there were many peasant uprisings in the Wuyi area to "resist the Yuan and restore the Song Dynasty" (such as the uprisings led by Lin Guifang and Li De in Xinhui in 1283). After the failure, they also fled overseas and became overseas Chinese.

In the early Ming Dynasty, sea bans were strictly enforced. By the first year of Yongle (1403), the official year of the Ming Dynasty, overseas trade was carried out in the name of "tribute". Guangdong had a municipal ship lifting department, Guangzhou became one of the major external ports, and Xinning (today's Taishan) had Guanghai, Wang There are three "fertile ports" (temporary docking points) in Dongdong and Qitan. From 1405 to 1433 AD, Zheng He made seven voyages to the West, which lasted 29 years and visited more than 30 countries in Southeast Asia, India, Persia, and the east coast of Africa. In the mid-Ming Dynasty, from 1442 to 1552 AD, there were ten peasant uprisings in the Wuyi area, ranging from thousands to as many as 100,000 people. After being suppressed successively and failed, many people fled to Nanyang. During the Longqing period of Emperor Muzong of the Ming Dynasty (1567-1572), the imperial court abolished the maritime ban, and at this time, people from Kaiping went abroad to do business. In the 32nd year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1553), the Portuguese began to occupy Macau on the pretext of exposing their goods to water-soaked goods. At the beginning of the 16th century, Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Britain, France, etc. competed to occupy many colonies in Africa, America, Asia, and Oceania. In need of labor development, they first sold tens of millions of black slaves in Africa to America and other places; and later Turning to the east, as early as 1519, the Portuguese robbed and abducted Chinese people along the coast of my country to colonize the Portuguese East Indies. They invaded Xinhui three times in 1519, 1523, and 1556, plundering and selling good people overseas; the Dutch also Chinese workers were recruited along the coasts of Fujian and Guangdong; later it evolved into a large-scale "coolie trade", and Macau became an important stronghold. Since Macau is close to Wuyi, many Wuyi people go abroad through Macau or are tricked into going abroad to "sell piglets" in Macau.

In the early Qing Dynasty, maritime bans were also implemented and the "border relocation" policy was implemented. It was difficult for people to go abroad, but it could not be banned. In the "Xinhui Local Chronicles" and the Genealogy of the Nafu Gao Clan, it is recorded that Gao Zhu, a native of Shadui, went through the toss of "relocating" and "restoring borders". He was attacked by thieves one year after returning to his hometown, and both his parents died. When he was only 10 years old (1668), he was forced to flee to Macau, and then to Thailand, where he practiced medicine for 16 years. After returning to China, he became the imperial physician of Emperor Kangxi. This is the first overseas Chinese in Wuyi who has written records to go abroad and return home. In the early Qing Dynasty, many "anti-Qing and restoration of Ming" peasant uprisings occurred in the Wuyi area. For example, in the 2nd to 17th years of Shunzhi (1645-1660), the peasant uprisings in Sanjiang, Waihai, and Laizhumen in Xinhui occurred; in the 4th year of Shunzhi (1645-1660), 1647) The peasant uprising led by Huang Manchang from Dugang, Xinhui (now Heshan); the peasant uprising led by Huang Gongfu from Duruan in Xinhui and Wang Xing from Xinningwen Village, totaling 100,000 people. After the failure of these uprisings, many people fled overseas by ship.

During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty (1796-1820), Zhang Baozai, a Chaolian man from Xinhui, fell into the trap of becoming a bandit. At its peak, he numbered 200,000 people. Later, he was "suppressed" and "pacified" by the Qing army and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. However, those who refused to surrender in the 6th and 7th centuries Most of them traveled across the ocean to the Philippines, Borneo, Malaysia and other places and became overseas Chinese, many of whom were from Wuyi.

According to comprehensive historical records statistics by experts, before the Opium War, there were more than 1 million overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia, mainly people from Fujian and Chaoshan areas, including a considerable number of people from Wuyi.

After the Opium War in 1840, the "coolie trade" caused the first upsurge in overseas travel. According to statistics, as many as 2.05 million "piglets" have been trafficked and sold overseas nationwide.

After the failure of the Opium War, the Qing government ceded territory to pay indemnities and opened up five ports for trade. Hong Kong became a new center of "coolie trade". In 1860, Britain and France launched the Second Opium War, forcing the Qing government to sign the Treaty of Beijing, which legalized the "coolie trade" in the name of allowing free immigration. At this time, natural disasters were frequent in the Wuyi area, rents and taxes were heavy, and the people were in dire straits. The farmers were forced to revolt, and they were fighting for their land and customers. Bandits were rampant. Many people were desperate and had to leave their hometowns to make a living, or were forced to "sell piglets" abroad. In the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854), an uprising involving 100,000 Jianghui Red Scarf Army broke out in Wuyi. After its failure, many insurgents fled overseas. In 1864, Huang Dezi, King Pingnan of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and a native of Xinhui, was defeated and led his remaining troops to take dozens of ships and cross the South China Sea to Darwin, Australia. They later settled in Melbourne. Their descendants have multiplied to tens of thousands to this day. From 1855 to 1867, the armed fighting between natives and guests centered in Taishan lasted for 12 years. More than 100,000 people fled from Chixi alone, including 20,000 to 30,000 people who "sold piglets" to South America. . After 1848, gold mines were discovered in the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries, setting off a "gold rush". Then the United States and Canada built the east-west Pacific Railway, dug the Panama Canal, and developed Central and South America and Southeast Asia, all of which required a large number of laborers. Wuyi The region experienced a surge in overseas immigration in the form of "contracted Chinese workers", "work on credit" or free immigration. The Ningyang Guild Hall established in San Francisco in 1854 alone received 8,349 Taishan residents. According to statistics, between 150,000 and 170,000 overseas Chinese immigrated to the United States from 1840 to 1876, including 124,000 from Wuyi; together with the Wuyi immigrants to Canada, Cuba, Peru, Australia and other Southeast Asian countries, it is estimated that More than 200,000 people.

In 1882, the U.S. Congress passed the first bill banning the entry of Chinese. The anti-Chinese movement spread from the United States to Canada, Mexico, the Philippines, Australia and other places, causing a sharp drop in the number of people going abroad in the Wuyi area. Immigration goes downhill. A small number of people still take the risk to enter the country illegally, and some turn to Southeast Asia, which has not yet been excluded from China. In the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco, the United States, all immigration information was destroyed. A large number of Wuyi people entered the United States in the name of "paper sons," but this also caused many immigrants to suffer the pain of being imprisoned and interrogated on Angel Island. From 1872 to 1875, Rong Hong from Xiangshan organized four batches of 120 young children to study in the United States, 10 of whom were from Wuyi. There were also other overseas students who went abroad at their own expense or at public expense. Since then, there have been some overseas Chinese who have not returned from studying abroad.

The Wuchang Uprising on October 10, 1911, and the Revolution of 1911 led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen overthrew the Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China. The majority of overseas Chinese saw hope and returned to the country to start industries. But the good times did not last long. Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, warlords fought in a melee, and Japan advanced step by step. . . . . . The Chinese people are still in dire straits, causing many poor people to continue to go abroad to make a living. The First World War broke out from 1914 to 1918, and Europe lacked labor. Another group of Hong Kong sailors and Wuyi compatriots immigrated to the United Kingdom and other European countries. In 1927, after Chiang Kai-shek implemented the "Qing Dynasty" and "Suppression of the Communist Party", some Communist Party members and other revolutionaries were forced to flee overseas and became overseas Chinese. These intermittent immigration activities did not completely stop until the outbreak of the Pacific War in December 1941.

From the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in August 1945, the end of the Second World War to the early days of the founding of New China, Wuyi people once again experienced an upsurge in immigration.

The main reasons are: (1) The United States (1943), New Zealand (1944), Canada (1947), and Australia (1965) successively repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act, especially the United States, allowing Chinese retired soldiers and single overseas Chinese to come to China to marry and bring wives. to the United States, allowing family reunions to go to the United States, so overseas Chinese family members left the country one after another, greatly increasing the number of immigrants to the United States; (2) Chiang Kai-shek's regime was corrupt, and he launched a civil war and arrested young men everywhere, resulting in a large number of immigrants going abroad. Not only did the number of people going to the Americas increase , and some even go to Southeast Asia and European countries. Before and after the founding of New China, some Kuomintang officers and soldiers and people who were suspicious of the Communist Party also went abroad. It was not until 1952 that the number of visits to Hong Kong and Macau decreased.

After the founding of New China, as Southeast Asian countries became independent one after another, they subsequently implemented policies to restrict the entry of Chinese. In addition, domestic policies at that time were too leftist. As a result, the number of overseas Chinese from Wuyi hometown who legitimately left the country decreased, and the number of people who smuggled to Hong Kong and Macao was reduced. increased, especially during the Cultural Revolution. Some of these stowaways then left Hong Kong and became overseas Chinese.

After my country implemented the reform and opening up policy in 1979, the Wuyi region, like the whole country, made great efforts to implement the overseas Chinese affairs policy, which resulted in an increase in the number of people who normally left the country. In addition to family reunions and inheritance of property, people went abroad to study and do business. , skilled immigrants have also increased. According to research, as of 1998, 380,000 people in Japan had left the country to settle abroad and in Hong Kong and Macao, with an average of more than 10,000 people every year.

Overseas Chinese in Wuyi went abroad and endured hardships and sacrifices, making significant contributions to local construction.

The overseas Chinese in Wuyi, like the overseas Chinese in other parts of the country, have experienced many hardships and pains. The most tragic of them is that before and after the Opium War, they "sold piglets" in the form of "contracted Chinese labor" and "work on credit" That group of old overseas Chinese. Most of these people are abducted or lured to the "Piggy House" in Hong Kong and Macao, where they are beaten and kicked, and forced to sign a "sale contract"; after boarding the ship, they are stuffed into the steerage like prisoners, and some are tortured to death on the ship; They were forced to engage in extremely strenuous physical labor and suffered all kinds of abuse. Many of them were tortured, maimed, or even killed. Most of the survivors lived alone and died in other places. A few of them had their skeletons returned to their hometowns for burial in Xinhui. "Combments" bury unclaimed skeletons, including 387 in one place (1888-1892). The Hong Kong Xinhui Chamber of Commerce also buried 313 in the New Territories (originally transported by the US Province of Los Angeles, Cuba and Vietnam in 1935). Those who returned to Hong Kong because their hometown fell in 1938 and the Pacific War broke out later)

It is universally recognized that overseas Chinese have made significant contributions in various countries:

They mine gold. Mines in California alone produced US$1.2 billion in gold from 1848 to 1883, accounting for two-thirds of the country's total, creating huge wealth for the United States. They participated in the construction of the Central Pacific Railway, and tens of thousands of Chinese were responsible for the most difficult and dangerous sections of the road and sacrificed their lives. More than 1,000 people. Then they participated in the construction of the Southern Pacific Railway and the Northern Pacific Road. In 1964, on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the state, the state government engraved a memorial monument in Chinese and English: "Chinese pioneers made great achievements in mining and building roads." ", and will go down in history." They opened up fertile land, with 18 million acres reclaimed in California alone. Road construction and lowland improvement created a wealth of US$289 million for the United States. Therefore, Liang Qichao believed that California's prosperity "is a reflection of the hard work of our people." "The world created." In addition, Wuyi people also transplanted Xinhui ganache to the United States. Today, the people of Hebin City, which has become a sister city with Jiangmen City, still miss the contributions of the Ganbian (Taishan Shuibu) people.< /p>

In addition to making important contributions to gold mining in Canada, their biggest contribution was to participate in the construction of the 3,800-kilometer-long Pacific Railway on September 25, 1982, at the starting point of the Pacific Railway in Yaletown, British Columbia. , erected a bronze memorial monument, engraved in English, French and Chinese: "In the early 1980s, contractor Andrew Ong recruited thousands of Chinese workers from China to assist the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. In the construction of the railway across Huashan, British Columbia, along the section between the Pacific Ocean and Centennial Larch, 3 out of 4 workers were Chinese. Although the work was excellent, they only received 1 yuan a day, which was half the salary of white workers. . In addition, due to the difficulty and danger of the project, many people were disabled due to illness and accidents. After the railway was completed, the Chinese workers who settled in Canada became the cornerstone of today's Chinese community in British Columbia." More than 4,000 people died in the construction of the railway. Among the 10,000 Chinese workers (70% of whom were from Wuyi), there were more than 4,000 deaths.

In Panama, more than 20,000 Chinese workers sacrificed their lives to build the Panama Canal and Panama Railway, most of whom were from Wuyi.

In Southeast Asia, overseas Chinese participated in tin mining, rubber planting, and port development, and made outstanding achievements, including the contributions of Wuyi people. An anonymous bronze statue was erected in front of the original Raffles Museum in Singapore to commemorate the historical achievements of the old overseas Chinese. On its base was engraved a gold inscription: "The Chinese are known for their perseverance and hard work. Singapore, Penang, and Malacca are the three prefectures of Malay today. Prosperity comes from Chinese people who contribute their abilities, and good things are not superficial.” In the history of the Chinese in Singapore and Malaysia, the famous successful people in Wuyi include Cao Yazhu, Chen Changyan and Zhao Yu, who are known as the "Three Heroes of Chinese in Singapore and Malaysia", as well as the Chinese Kapitan Ye Guansheng, the Nanyang rich Luk You, etc.

Overseas Chinese in Wuyi have also made important contributions in Australia and other countries.

The contribution of overseas Chinese to the local area is not only reflected in early economic construction, but also in the overseas Chinese's internal unity, mutual assistance, self-improvement, organization of associations, development of education, development of Chinatown, survival and development in adversity; and kindness to others. , getting along well with the local people, especially during the Second World War, supporting the host country in its fight against fascist aggression and supporting the colonial countries in their struggle for national independence after the war.

On December 8, 1941, the Japanese army attacked Pearl Harbor, the Pacific War broke out, and the United States had to declare war on Japan. Overseas Chinese in the United States firmly support the U.S. government in its fight against the Japanese invaders. More than 13,000 Chinese have joined the army, accounting for 17% of the total number of Chinese in the United States. There are 15,000 Chinese seamen serving on American and British ships. The 14th Service Corps of the "Flying Tigers" organized by General Chennault had 1,300 people, almost all of whom were of Wuyi Chinese descent. In Canada, more than 500 Chinese have enlisted in the army; the Chinese have purchased treasury bonds worth 10 million Canadian dollars. In the Philippines, overseas Chinese established the "48th (Overseas Chinese) Detachment of the Philippine People's Anti-Japanese Army" (referred to as the "Chinese Detachment"). Among them, more than 100 officers and soldiers of the Guangdong Brigade were from Wuyi. The "Huazhi" fought for three years and suffered more than 110 casualties, including 38 Chinese from Wuyi. In Malaysia and Singapore, overseas Chinese became the main force in fighting the Japanese invaders. Not only did he perform heroically in the battle to defend Singapore, he also conducted a long-term anti-Japanese guerrilla war in Malaysia. In other countries, overseas Chinese also performed prominently in the anti-fascist war.

After World War II, countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America rose up one after another to strive for national independence, which became an irresistible historical trend. In this great struggle, overseas Chinese actively supported the local people's struggle for independence in their host countries and provided great support in terms of manpower, material and financial resources, especially in Southeast Asia. For example, many Chinese participated in Vietnam's anti-French and anti-American struggles after World War II, and many of them sacrificed their lives. In the reconstruction of these countries after independence, overseas Chinese played an important role. However, people's hearts are unpredictable, and there are many people in the world who "cross the bridge and draw a wall". Once there is an economic crisis in the host country, overseas Chinese are often targeted to divert people's attention from dissatisfaction with those in power. Since the United States in the 1880s, anti-Chinese movements have also been launched in Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines and other countries. After World War II, large-scale anti-Chinese incidents occurred in Malaysia (1950), Indonesia (1960), Myanmar (1964), Cambodia (1975), Vietnam (1979), and other countries, especially Vietnam and Cambodia. , the Chinese died the most and the most miserably, and they also immigrated to the United States, Canada, France, Australia and returned to China the most. These anti-Chinese incidents not only harmed overseas Chinese and Chinese people, but also local people. This forces the host country to re-examine its gains and losses after a few years and re-play the role of local overseas Chinese and Chinese.

After the Second World War, especially after the founding of New China, due to the development and changes in the international situation, the overseas Chinese society will also undergo great changes. The most fundamental change is that the vast majority of overseas Chinese have obtained local Nationality, new immigrants who temporarily hold Chinese passports will also take the nationality of the host country in a few years, turning from overseas Chinese into Chinese. The ideological concept has also changed from falling leaves returning to their roots to taking root on the ground. Economic conditions have also improved, the number of well-off families has increased, and a considerable number of people have developed into large consortiums, big entrepreneurs and even the owners of multinational companies. As their level of education has improved, the cultural quality and political awareness of the Chinese have also greatly improved. Many professors, scholars, doctors, lawyers, engineers, and even a large number of well-known scientists and political activists have emerged, such as those in Washington State in the United States. Governor Gary Locke (a Taishan native), Canadian Governor General Wu Bingzhi (a female Taishan native), former Peruvian Prime Minister Xu Hui (a Kaiping native), etc.

According to the survey, among the 3.6793 million overseas Chinese, Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots, there are 27,659 celebrities, including 569 in the political circles, 25,253 in the economic circles, and 1,837 in the fields of science, technology, culture, sports and health. They have made contributions to the local area. Outstanding contribution.

Patriotism and love of hometown are the glorious traditions of all overseas Chinese (for the Chinese, it means love of the country of origin and love of the hometown), and overseas Chinese in Wuyi are no exception. One is to care about the fate of the country politically, and the other is to provide strong economic support, especially enthusiastic about various construction projects in his hometown. Throughout the course of the patriotic actions of overseas Chinese, there have been three upsurges of patriotism in China: first, the period of the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen, second, the period of the Anti-Japanese War, and third, the reform and opening up of New China to this day.

The revolution led by Sun Yat-sen was to overthrow the feudal system of the Qing Dynasty, establish a democratic government and state system, implement the "Three People's Principles" of nationality, civil rights, and people's livelihood, and "alliance with Russia, alliance with the Communist Party, and support of workers and peasants" The three major policies are the basic steel collar. He is the greatest man in modern Chinese history. In order to implement his ideas, he successively established the "Xingzhonghui", "Tongmenghui" and the Kuomintang. All overseas Chinese in Wuyi participated enthusiastically. For example, in 1894, the "Xingzhong Association" was established in Honolulu. It initially had more than 20 members, and there were a large number of overseas Chinese in Wuyi. Liu Xiang, an overseas Chinese from Taishan, was elected as the first president, and Deng Yinnan, an overseas Chinese from Kaiping, was elected as the president. In 1895, Mr. Sun Yat-sen and overseas Chinese Chen Shaobai established the general office of the Revive China Association in Hong Kong. And founded China Daily. In order to overthrow the Qing regime, Sun Yat-sen organized 10 armed uprisings. The funds required were all supported by overseas Chinese, and overseas Chinese in Wuyi contributed a lot. For example, Li Jitang, a Hong Kong compatriot in Xinhui, and Deng Yinnan, an overseas Chinese in Kaiping, almost lost all their money to support the revolution. In order to prepare funds for the 1911 Guangzhou Uprising, at the suggestion of Kaiping overseas Chinese leader Situ Meitang, the Canadian Zhi Gong Tang pawned off three party headquarters buildings in Toronto, Vancouver and Victoria. There were many overseas Chinese in Wuyi who directly participated in and led the uprising. Among them, Deng Yinnan and Xie Zuantai, overseas Chinese in Kaiping, also participated in the command. Ma Xiang, an American overseas Chinese in Taishan, served as Sun Yat-sen's bodyguard and participated in several battles, risking his life and death, regardless of his personal safety. Among the seventy-two martyrs in Huanghuagang, Guangzhou, there were many overseas Chinese from Wuyi. After the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China, the patriotic enthusiasm of overseas Chinese became even higher. He strongly supported the revolutionary regime led by Sun Yat-sen politically and economically, and actively participated in the crusade against Yuan Shikai and the traitor Chen Jiongming. Due to their meritorious service in supporting the revolution, some overseas Chinese were invited to return to the country to participate in the construction of political power. Overseas Chinese in Wuyi who hold important positions in the Provisional Government of the Republic of China and other institutions include: Huang Sande, Mei Qiaolin, Huang Baidu, Li Shinan, Huang Yunsu, Zhu Zhuowen, Ma Chaojun, Ma Xiang, Huang Xiang, Huang Guangrui, Deng Yinnan, Xie Zuantai, Chen Junping, Deng Zeru, Zhao Gongbi, Wu Tingfang, Chen Shaobai, Li Yie, etc.

During the Anti-Japanese War, from the "September 18th" Incident in 1931, especially after the "July 7th" Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937 when the all-out war of resistance began, to the period when Japan announced its unconditional surrender on August 9, 1945 , overseas Chinese patriotism has reached its peak. It is unprecedented in terms of the breadth and depth of mobilization, the human, material and financial support for the motherland, and the spirit of unity and sacrifice of the overseas Chinese themselves. Facing the most dangerous time when Japanese fascists conquered China, all overseas Chinese stepped forward to save the country with the sense of mission that "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the country." Its main manifestations include:

Organizing various national salvation groups. Organize the vast number of overseas Chinese. In Singapore and Malaysia, the "Nanyang Overseas Chinese National Salvation Federation" headed by Tan Kah Kee was established. A similar group was established in Indonesia under the leadership of Situzan (a native of Kaiping). In the United States, there are as many as 92 branches of national salvation groups headed by Wuyi natives Situ Meitang, Kuang Bingshun, and Ruan Benwan. ...

Use the form of running newspapers, running radio stations, and organizing theatrical performances to carry out in-depth and sustained propaganda and mobilization to the vast number of overseas Chinese to inspire the masses to rise up against Japan.

Donate money, donate materials, subscribe for national bonds, and strongly support the motherland’s war of resistance economically. As early as the "September 18" Incident in 1931 and the "January 28" Songhu Battle in 1932, overseas Chinese donated money to support the Northeast Volunteer Army and the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, and supported the 19th Route Army led by General Cai Tingkai. After the "Xi'an Incident" in 1936, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to change the policy of "securing domestic affairs first and then abroad". After the "July 7 Incident" in 1937, my country launched a comprehensive war of resistance, and overseas Chinese became even more enthusiastic about donating money, materials and subscribing to national debt. From 1937 to August 1945 alone, donations from overseas Chinese in the United States amounted to more than 56 million U.S. dollars, Canada's donations exceeded 5 million U.S. dollars, and the entire America amounted to 69,156,115 U.S. dollars.

Ruan Benwan, the leader of the American Zigongtang and a native of Taishan, donated US$305,000 and raised US$35 million. Kuang Bingshun, an overseas Chinese leader and native of Taishan, donated US$100,000 and raised US$5 million. Anti-Japanese donations from overseas Chinese in New Zealand amounted to 3,209,020 pounds. From January to September 1941, donations sent back by Australia amounted to 1,911,766.37 yuan. At that time, the Nationalist Government issued six tranches of national salvation bonds totaling 3 billion yuan, and overseas Chinese subscribed for 1.11 billion yuan. Xinhui overseas Chinese in the United States subscribed for national salvation bonds and aviation bonds for a total of US$36.3 million. Zheng Chaojiong, an overseas Chinese in Xinhui, North Borneo, sold melon seeds for charity while mobilizing donations from overseas Chinese from 1937 to 1942. He received a total of 180,000 yuan, all of which was given to the "Southern Overseas Chinese Rescue General". In 1940, he and his wife Zhong Caihe discussed selling their newborn baby boy to others and received 80 yuan, which was all donated to the motherland's war of resistance. In addition, the vast number of overseas Chinese also donated goods and materials (including airplanes, cars, medicines, medical equipment, clothes, food, etc.). In the first three years of the Anti-Japanese War alone, the donations of goods and materials by overseas Chinese in the Americas amounted to 2.5 million yuan in national currency. In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, overseas Chinese in New York donated 100 cars. In Indonesia, Situzan and others donated 50 million Hong Kong dollars from July 1937 to December 1942 to purchase supplies and send them to Guiyang.

In order to resist Japan, overseas Chinese in the United States also opened aircraft factories to help their motherland produce fighter planes to fight the Japanese army. In order to prevent the United States from selling scrap steel to Japan, overseas Chinese launched the "No Supply Movement" and blocked ships carrying scrap iron from loading and sailing to Japan.

In order to resist Japan, many passionate young people returned to China to join the army. There were 8,000 people from Japan alone and 160 people from Burma. Many of them were from Wuyi, and martyr Lin Jilu from Taishan was one of the representative figures. A large number of young overseas Chinese in Wuyi, the United States, join the Air Force. Among them, 9 pilots from Taishan, Huang Xinrui and others, shot down 22 Japanese planes, and worked with their wingmen to shoot down 8 more. In the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, General Chennault formed the "Flying Tigers", whose aviation ground crew and pilots included many young overseas Chinese in Wuyi. In April 1996, an anti-Japanese aviation monument was built in the Zhongshan Cemetery in Zijinshan, Nanjing. On it were engraved the names of 881 anti-Japanese martyrs, 23 of whom were overseas Chinese in Wuyi, who sacrificed their precious lives to resist Japan and save the country. In addition, in order to break through the Japanese blockade and open up land transportation lines between China and Myanmar, the "Southern Overseas Chinese Association" organized more than 2,000 young overseas Chinese drivers to participate in transporting war supplies, including many overseas Chinese young people in Wuyi.

The contribution of overseas Chinese in building the motherland and hometown is also very prominent. Especially after the Revolution of 1911 in the last century, before the Anti-Japanese War and the founding of New China, and especially after the implementation of the reform and opening up policy, their contribution was the greatest. There are three main aspects of its performance:

The first is overseas remittances, which are the main source of livelihood for overseas Chinese family members, the financial pillar of economic construction in overseas Chinese hometowns, and an important channel for the country's foreign exchange earnings. After the "contract laborers" and "credit laborers" passed the period of selling themselves, through hard work and frugality, Taishan and other places began to have remittance income from the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty (1861-1874). According to expert statistics, in the 85 years from 1864 to 1949, the total amount of overseas Chinese in the country reached 3.51 billion U.S. dollars, an average of 42 million U.S. dollars per year, and the Wuyi region accounted for about 20%. Among them, Taishan has the most. Taishan's revenue reached US$30 million in 1930 and US$180 million in 1937. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, overseas remittance income continued to flow continuously, and before the reform and opening up, its role was very prominent. After the implementation of reform and opening up, the country's foreign exchange for trade has increased, the lives of overseas Chinese and their families have improved, and the income and role of overseas remittances has declined.

The second is to return to the country and invest in the hometown to support the construction of the country and the hometown of overseas Chinese. There were three climaxes in the revolution. The period between the Revolution of 1911 and the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War more than 20 years ago was the first climax. At that time, the overseas Chinese had accumulated some funds abroad; the outbreak of World War I in Europe left the old European imperialists with no time to look elsewhere, and gave the overseas Chinese an opportunity, so they returned to Hong Kong, their hometowns, and other parts of the motherland to invest. A group of overseas Chinese from Wuyi who returned to Hong Kong to develop their careers have become extremely rich, such as Feng Pingshan, Li Xishan, Lin Qiumou, Li Shipeng, Chen Ruiqi, Wu Shichang, Huang Runtang, Zhang Zifang, Huang Kejing, Lui Zhihe, etc. After their careers became successful, , and actively support the construction of hometown and country. During this period, many overseas Chinese returned to their hometowns to build houses, commercial ports, factories, and roads. Wuyi truly became the hometown of overseas Chinese.

During this period, some overseas Chinese in Wuyi also invested in Guangzhou, Hainan Island, Guangxi, Shanghai and other places. Among them, Guangzhou Aiqun Building is the largest one and is still intact today. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, many overseas Chinese returned to the country to participate in construction work, and a group of overseas Chinese also came back to invest. However, due to policy restrictions at the time, it was mainly done through overseas Chinese investment companies, and the scale was small. After the implementation of reform and opening up, compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao have invested the most and played the leading role in returning to their hometowns. Overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese have also invested significantly more than before, and they have also introduced many foreign consortiums to invest, and their role is unprecedented. From 1979 to 1998, there were 15,322 foreign-funded enterprises ("three-funded" enterprises and "three-invested" enterprises) in Wuyi, Jiangmen, with actual foreign investment of US$4.03 billion; among them, 3 "three-funded" enterprises, 850 companies, with actual utilization of foreign capital of US$3.848 billion. There are 3,050 "foreign-funded" enterprises invested by Hong Kong companies, with actual utilization of foreign capital of US$2.803 billion; there are 354 "foreign-funded" enterprises invested by Macao investors, with actual utilization of foreign capital of US$248 million.

The third is to donate funds to develop public welfare undertakings. This is a fine tradition of overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao, and it has been of great help to our hometown. Among them, donations for education are the most prominent. From 1912 to 1945, there were 78 primary and secondary schools donated by overseas Chinese in Taishan. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially after the reform and opening up, a new upsurge in donations for public welfare undertakings was reached. From 1979 to 1998, donations from Hong Kong and Macao compatriots and overseas Chinese in Wuyi totaled HK$4.223 billion. Build 2,117 schools (2.78 million m2), 297 hospitals (680,000 m2), 324 nursing homes (145,800 m2), 177 theaters, libraries, cultural rooms (176,100 m2), 825 bridges, roads 3,549 kilometers, 778 water projects. The largest recipient of donations is Wuyi University, with nearly HK$200 million. The Hong Kong and Macao compatriots who have donated the most are Li Guowei, Chen Jinglun, Tan Zhao, Wu Shunde, Huang Kejing, Huang Zutang, Huang Qiu, etc. The overseas Chinese who have donated the most include Li Panshi, Li Yaohua, Xie Wenqi, Wu Qiudeng, etc.

Since the reform and opening up, overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao have made great contributions to the construction of their hometown. In order to commend them, Jiangmen City *** awarded four batches of 417 people as honorary citizens of Jiangmen City.

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