Types of Nuo Dance in Zhanjiang

Examination Dance is popular in Jiuxian Village, Huguang Town, Mazhang District, the suburb of Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, and neighboring villages such as Xia Dong, Dongling, Xiling, Beitang and Jiao Yun. Every year, on the 15th day of the first lunar month, Daogong will hold a grand ceremony of Nuo ceremony in front of Huang Kang Temple, which is enshrined in our village, to drive away the ghost epidemic and send disaster to receive happiness.

Jiuxian Village was the seat of Tieba County in Sui and Tang Dynasties. "Baked cakes" were introduced by Peng's ancestors from Longxi Village (now Jishui County, Jiangxi Province) during the reign of Bao You in the Southern Song Dynasty (1253- 1258). According to textual research, masks were introduced into the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.

Dance performance procedure: Before going out, Daogong held a Nuo sacrifice in the temple, and Tugong, Tupo and dancers such as Che, Mai, Li, Liu and Hong each wore masks. The car holds an axe, Mai holds a mace, Li holds a chain, Liu holds a knife and Hong holds a flag, dancing with the image, accompanied by gongs and drums and suona. Then, a group of strong, tall and handsome teenagers walked in front with colorful flags and umbrellas. Taoist priests walk in front of the gods and scatter white rice, which is called "scattering grains". Later, five generals and others toured the village with the statue of Huang Kang, and drove ghosts and plagues from house to house to keep safe. Then cruise back to the square in front of the temple and hold a sacrificial ceremony. At that time, dancers lined up to worship the sick god and danced repeatedly to show their gods. During this period, a big man who claimed to be possessed by gods went into battle shirtless and rolled back and forth on the thorny table of the Eight Immortals in front of the altar, commonly known as "stabbing the bed" to show the gods. At this time, the activity reached a climax. At night, Daogong collects scarecrows symbolizing epidemic ghosts in front of each house, puts them on paper boats to ward off evil spirits, and flows away in the river in front of the village, which means "sending disaster to disaster". At this point, the sacrificial activities of "trial soldiers" ended.

The performance form of Kao Bing Dance is relatively simple. According to the old man, the original performance form and dance movements were basically lost. Today's performance only retains the "incense burning decision" of Nuo dance, the straight formation up and down, the lunge of wrist, the forward push of finger and the quick retreat of broken step. While shouting and jumping, it retains simplicity and strength, and has a strong primitive ancient witch color and a strong flavor of life. General Zou Qing is an exorcism dance in Zhanjiang, which is popular in Gao Lei, Songzhu, Nanxing, Kelu, Yangjia, Baisha, Fucheng, Taiping and Huguang towns in Mazhang District, Guangdong Province. Every Lantern Festival or God's birthday, villagers in these places will sacrifice "Raytheon" in temples and homes to ward off evil spirits and disasters, and express people's good wishes for peace and good luck.

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"De-Qing" in Dongjiao Village and Xianpai Village

Generally, six or eight people are in a team, wearing masks and colorful clothes, dressed as "Lei Shou" and "Five Thunder Guanjiang" (Ma, Guo, Fang, Deng and Tian represent Raytheon in the southeast, northwest and central regions) and landlords and female landlords. The performance procedure is as follows: set up an altar for Taoist priests and hold a ceremony of "please train". From the morning of the 27th day of the first month to the morning, the first thing in the Taoist altar is to burn incense and shoot me, sacrifice chicken blood to the gods, and issue orders and symbols. Magic soldiers from all walks of life are invited to camp in front of the temple for training. After the Nuo dance, the Taoist priest asked the five generals, "Are you proficient in Kung Fu?" The five generals replied, "I'm done," and the Taoist ordered them to "get up." Nuo teams went to every household to "exorcise ghosts and epidemics". Guided by gongs and drums, they danced door to door in front of the hall, and each hall was filled with sacrifices on the table of the Eight Immortals. The Nuo team will be admitted to the hospital from various doors, and the five thunder will stand in a plum blossom array to perform the dance. The landlord and landlady are waiting in front of the door.

This dance has always been accompanied by percussion. During the performance, there were thunder heads with axes. The central thunder will lead the team to every household with a flower whip. According to the routine of "detour to the central government", it is divided into east, south, west and north. The action is rough, concise, exaggerated, simple in style and full of local flavor. From the program, we can still get a glimpse of the original Nuo sacrifice "exorcising ghosts and epidemics".

The Nuo mask in Dongjiao Village, Songzhu Town is the prototype mask of "General Zou Qing", which was founded during the period from Yongzheng to Qianlong in Qing Dynasty and has a history of more than 200 years. The Nuo mask preserved in the home of the farmer Hongru in Tangzi Village of Songzhu Town is complete and vivid. At present, there are many masks with a long history in Shanwei Village and Xianpai Village, especially there are 10 Nuo masks in Shanwei Village, including Lei Gong, Wu Lei Gong, land in-laws and Bi in-laws. brief introduction

A popular duet dance in Da 'an Village, Wuchuan City, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province-Wuerzhen. During the Lantern Festival from the eighth day to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, Nuo Festival will be held in the local area to show the good wishes of exorcising evil spirits, protecting righteousness, and making money into treasures.

origin

According to legend, during the Northern Song Dynasty, Kangbao, a native of Luoyang, Henan Province, lost his father when he was a child. His family was poor, loyal and filial, saved the people from fire and water, and devoted himself to serving the country. Later, my mother studied law with the teacher. One day, Kang Youchun went to visit Cai, and happened to meet a powerful car. Mai moved the stone fence road and pedestrians could not pass. At this point, Kang used the "copper hammer method" to let Che and Mai lift the copper hammer, but Che and Mai tried their best to lift it, becoming angry from embarrassment and wielding knives and cymbals to beat Kang. Kang used the method of fixing two people and the method of "avoiding stones" to move the big stones away and drift away from the mountains. It was not until Kang came back that he cast a spell to restore them. When Che and Mai woke up, there were no big stones, only Kang and a big copper hammer. The two men moved the copper hammer, but they couldn't move it with all their strength. Because of too much force, their faces became red and white, and even the copper hammer could not move. This just know Kang Wang is the coach of the respected military strongman they are looking for. So they knelt down and begged for mercy, willing to take a whip for Kang and help save the country. From then on, the three men forged a friendship hand in hand, exercised the way of eliminating evil and protecting righteousness in the Central Plains, and saved the people in from the mire. When the Khitan invaded in the Song Dynasty, Emperor Zhenzong learned of Kangbao's magical power and appointed him as the division of the three armed forces. Che and Mai, two generals under their command, fought against the invading enemy. They have won numerous battles and made outstanding achievements. Unfortunately, they died heroically in the battle and died for their country. Their spirit of martyrdom for their country is not only remembered in people's hearts, but also moved to heaven. The Jade Emperor named Kang Baozi as "Commander-in-Chief of Huang Kang, a true gentleman, a fierce gentleman, a well-dressed and benevolent emperor", Che Zhenjun as "Marshal Cheng Tianche" and Mai Zhenjun as "Marshal who served as deputy secretary". From then on, Che and Mai Shuai followed with knives and many things, and often came to earth to save people in from the mire.

history

Wuerzhen has a long history. According to Huang and Huang Anning, descendants of Wu Erzhen's 20th generation, "The genealogy records that dance was transplanted from Lingtou Street in Wuyang to the mainland by the ancestor of Ming Hongwu (1375). Later, it was successively spread to Huang Bi (born in the 26th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty), Huang Shilian (born in the 10th year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty), Huang Endong (born in the 13th year of Minghua), Huang Zanye (born in the 16th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty), Huang Wenbin (born in the 51st year of Kangxi), Huang Juchuan (born in the 10th year of Qianlong), Huang Jukai (born in the 11th year of Jiaqing) and Huang Chaoxiang.

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In the long process of inheritance, this kind of dance has always adhered to the family rules of "from son to son, from the inside out". This dance is performed by two real kings, Che and Mai, according to 72 formulas and action routines handed down by their ancestors. Che Zhenjun wore a red and black beard mask, a red embroidered marshal's suit, and Tao in his hand. Mai Zhenjun wore a black beard mask, a black marshal suit and a lot of money in his hand. During the performance, the dancers' movements and props are exactly the same. Do symmetrical movements face to face. There are two basic steps in dancing: "Lift your right leg and move to the left" and "Turn left and right". The basic movements are "turning to light the cymbals" and "turning to finish the cymbals". Before doing the action, do a "turn around and shine". Dance while watching the formula during the action. Each formula has seven characters, which are represented by different actions. After each formula is finished, it is followed by "turning the cymbal to the end" and "turning the cymbal to the light" until the end. The routine and characteristics of its face-to-face program are as follows: first, a temple is set up in Zhenjun Temple, and the square table is placed in front of the altar. Sacrifice was made by Taoist priests. Please come to the altar with Huang Kang and Erzhenjun to show that the gods have come down to accept the worship of the villagers. Then Che Zhenjun walks to the table from the left and Mai Zhenjun faces the altar from above. In the sound of "Luoshendiao" played by the band, they recited the formulas and danced in the order of 72 formulas. After the dance, they got off the stage, and then the statue carried by the villagers, accompanied by Che and Mai Zhenjun, walked around Zhenjun Temple for three times, and then continued to March to the "Gu Wei" in each village, dancing in turn according to the above methods. After the trip, go back to Zhenjun Temple and dance again in front of the temple, and the whole activity will be over.

The dance style is simple and solemn, the dance is brave and vigorous, the turn is consistent, and the pace is steady, showing the heroic spirit of integrity and doing everything except evil. Dance with percussion instruments suona, round drum, pottery drum (big at one end and small at the other, the drum surface is covered with sheepskin, and the middle is like a bee waist. The big head is a drumhead, and the right palm is low for "coax", while the small head is flat for "flat" pitch, which is an ancient music drum. The masks, costumes, knives and cymbals of this dance were handed down by our ancestors from the eighth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1375). "Dancing Six Generals" spread in Bopu Town, Wuchuan City, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province. It is an activity for local villagers to ward off evil spirits and disasters and pray for peace and entertainment.

During the "Northern Emperor's Birthday" from the first day to the third day of the third lunar month, there are six dances, and the locals fast for three days, commonly known as the "March 3" year. On the morning of the first day of junior high school, the Taoist priest next door presided over the altar ceremony in Beidi Temple. Launch support, send books, send generals, and collect saints. The altar is decorated with all kinds of cakes, fruits, incense and candles. At this time, gongs and drums were loud, dragons and lions were flying, and the villagers carried the Northern Emperor Bodhisattva in sedan chairs. Surrounded by the mighty guard of honor, six masked gods and the land god, they went to worship the god in the land god's jurisdiction. The villagers gathered and set up a den for worship. The northern bodhisattva must perform six dances in each altar. It was not until the afternoon of the third day that the paper boat was sent to the river and burned to drive away ghosts, and then it was held in front of the temple to send the saints, and the sacrifice was all over.

According to the memory of Yue Qing, the old Duke of Jin, the word "Jin Dynasty" was engraved on the pedestal of the Northern Emperor Bodhisattva in the ancient temple of Bopu Xiangshan, about 1700 years ago. According to folklore, the Northern Bodhisattva has six marshals: Zhao Gongming, Ma, Jason, Xin Huanhe, who can ward off evil spirits and eliminate disasters for people. Bless people's longevity and prosperity. The villagers sacrificed to the Northern Emperor and danced with six generals, just to pin these beautiful wishes.

The performance of Dance Six will run through percussion. It is composed of six generals, including Liu, Zhao, Ma, Guan, Zhang, Xin and Deng, who play the role of Land Lord and Northern Bodhisattva respectively, wearing masks and holding weapons. During the performance, the land is opened to the public in order, and then they take turns to perform one by one. Its action characteristics, in addition to * * * the same basic step "three steps", everyone has their own personality movements and routines. The landowner came out with his right hand on crutches, looking old. Thus, Zhao Gongming appeared "show his mace", "lure the tiger" and "kill the tiger". When a horse holds a halberd, it will "fall down" and "stab and kneel". Guan Yunchang came to the stage with a broadsword, stroking his beard with a horizontal knife and dragging his arm with a knife. What Jason did was "sweep the gun on his knees" and "pounce on the spear". Xin Huan took a book in her left hand and a pen in her right hand to go on stage to do "book-watching steps" and "book-watching steps". Deng Zhong took an axe to chisel on the stage to do "axe chisel" and "half moon". When performing, the movements are required to be steady, accurate, powerful, rough and vivid.

Wear clothes and hats. Terrestrial people wear red or blue robes, while others wear black men's double-breasted jackets and Chinese trousers with a black wing on each shoulder. The black strap is connected to the back with shoulder pads. General Zhao, Ma, Guan and Zhang He all tried their best to dress up according to the characters in ancient dramas.