Mashan Folk Songs Mashan Town, Jingzhou District, where the rare cultural relic Goujian Sword of Yue King was once unearthed, is known as the hometown of folk songs. The long history and specific geog

Mashan Folk Songs Mashan Town, Jingzhou District, where the rare cultural relic Goujian Sword of Yue King was once unearthed, is known as the hometown of folk songs. The long history and specific geographical environment here have formed its own unique folk song style. It is known as the cradle of Jingzhou folk songs and occupies a very important position in the entire Hubei folk song music treasure house. Mashan folk songs are among the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage in Hubei Province. Mashan folk songs have distinctive regional cultural characteristics and have a long history. Their history can be traced back to the "Yang Ge" and "Tian Ge" in Chu region more than 2,000 years ago. During the Warring States Period of King Xiang of Chu, Song Yu said in "Asking the King of Chu": "The guest who sang in Yingzhong was named "Xia Li" and "Ba Ren". There were thousands of people in the country who were harmonious... …”. Since then, there have been records of "Yingzhong Tiange" in various periods of the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties. Mashan folk songs represent the overall morphological characteristics and musical characteristics of Jianghan Plain folk songs, and have a strong original ecological flavor. Its unique lyrics structure of five lines into a song and a topic at the end of each line is a treasure of Jingchu culture. The five major tunes and five-sentence songs of "Trumpet Tune", "Guan Tune", "嘘嘚 tune", "Dingkou Dang Tune" and "Oh Ho Tune" are even more famous. They have been sung for a long time and are widely circulated among the people. The content of Mashan folk songs covers various aspects such as stories of historical dynasties, knowledge of production and life, flowers, birds, insects and fish of the four seasons, wedding and funeral customs and etiquette, and lanterns and festoons during festivals. There are dozens of types, including field songs, chants, minor tunes, lantern songs, children's songs, custom songs, religious songs, etc. "Five Sentence Songs" can be divided into "Shouting Five Sentences", "Catching Five Sentences" and "Threading Five Sentences". The structure of the song is quite different, but the basic melody is similar. While collecting and sorting out, Jingzhou District also adapted and innovated traditional Mashan folk songs, giving them new connotations, and launched folk songs and dances such as "Cars and Gongs and Drums", "Fire Pancakes", "Phoenixes and Drums Ming Together", A new batch of Mashan folk songs represented by "Opening the Yangyang Gate", "Night Fishing", "Folk Song Singing Farmhouse Joy", etc. have made Mashan folk songs more contemporary, closer to life and closer to the masses.

The Public Security Drum is one of the first provincial intangible cultural heritages in Hubei Province. Public security drumming has a long history and a long history. From the perspective of literary form, it is in the same vein as the Bianwen of the Tang Dynasty, because "Dunhuang Bianwen is the forerunner of various rap literatures in later generations." In the Song Dynasty, the art of rap flourished, and many forms of rap emerged. Guzici was a popular folk art form at that time. After the Song Dynasty, Guzi Ci changed several times. After the "Ci Hua" in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it gradually developed into Gong'an Shugu in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, public security drum talking has been further developed, with the number of drum talking artists increasing, the repertoire gradually increasing, and the content becoming increasingly extensive and rich. The policeman said the drum, also called the policeman said the drum. Focus on speaking and singing while speaking. Speaking means to add moderate exaggeration to the local dialect tones, with ups and downs, charm, rhythm, fast but not chaotic, slow and continuous, clear words and distinct layers. Singing, usually at the end of each short paragraph. It usually ends with two verses of singing after a rhythmic narration. After finishing the verse, the melody of the next verse is played again with the suona, and the drums are played for a while, and then the next verse is started. The music of public security drums is divided into two parts: singing tune and suona brand. Singing tunes are divided into three categories: main tune, color tune and crying tune. The traditional repertoire of public security drums is rich in content and has a wide range of themes. The first is based on street talk, trivial matters in the village, and jokes; the second is derived from folk legends; the third is derived from martial arts and historical romance novels. In addition, there are also transplants from local operas and foreign operas. The public security drums are played with the accompaniment of drums and suonas. They are rich in local flavor, highly expressive, and have unique local flavor and artistic characteristics. The literary and artistic form of public security drums was formed in the folk, developed among the people, and became popular among the people, so it has folk customs. learning value. The music of Gong'an drums is divided into singing tunes and blowing tunes. It has a strong local style. After hundreds of years of accumulation and evolution, many fixed tunes have been formed, so it has music research value.

Song Zi Shuo Gu Zi Song Zi Shuo Gu Zi is the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage in Hubei Province. According to existing data research, Songzi Shuoguzi was originally called "Shuo Gushu", which evolved from the "Cihua" of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and gradually formed a folk rap form.

In the Qing Dynasty, Jingzhou City was the seat of the general's mansion. According to old artists of "Tiaodanweigu", the generals in Jingzhou used to play "Tiaodanweigu" when traveling. "Carrying burdens and surrounding drums" mainly takes place in the central urban area of ??Jingzhou City, the Public Security Bureau, Jiangling and other places. Various streets and lanes in the city, such as Mei Tai Alley, Du Gong Alley, Shengli Street, Tugboat Pier, etc., all have their own different drums. Suburban areas include: Yuejin Village, Zhanggou Village, Lianxin Village, Tongxin Village, Sanbanqiao Village, Caoshi, and Cenhe. The types of Qupai are mainly divided into Shangzi tune, Liuzi tune, Zhenggong tune and Yangpan. For example, the "Shangzi tune" tune "Dahongpao" expresses the low melody, the six-character tune "Suonapi" expresses the melodious tune, the Zhenggong tune "Feng Jiaxue" expresses the high-pitched tune, and the foreign style tune "Nao Nao" "Dragon Boat" and so on are all representative works of carrying the drum and playing drums. The musicians choose different tunes to perform according to different occasions, such as traditional festivals (Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival), industrial and commercial temple fairs (Bu Wealth God Meeting, Xuanyuan Meeting, Land Fair) and folk festive etiquette (wedding, Birthdays, birthdays, etc. mostly use Zhenggong, Liuzi, Yangpan and other tunes. White happy events (funerals) often use the word "shang" (合), six words, "yangpan" and other qupai. "Carrying burdens and surrounding drums" took its basic form among the people in the early Qing Dynasty and has been passed down to this day. It has rich repertoire, unique instruments, and exquisite props and craftsmanship. Its protection, inheritance and research values ??are extremely high.

Mourning drum dancing is the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage in Hubei Province. Playing funeral drums and singing filial songs are popular folk customs in almost all parts of the country. In the old days, it was customary for an adult to "pause" at home for three to seven days after death; during the wake, not only were the lights brightly lit in front of the deceased, but singers who could sing filial songs were often invited to play drums and sing all night long. In most places, "filial piety songs" are sung without dancing. Only in Jingzhou and western Hubei areas, both singing and dancing are performed, hence the name "Diao Mourning Drum". Mourning drum performances are usually performed at night in the funeral hall of the deceased. Generally, a square table is placed in the center of the mourning hall, commonly known as the "singing platform". One of the three singers sits next to the singing platform and plays the drum, which is about two feet in diameter; the other two hold a copper cymbal in one hand and bamboo chopsticks in the other. Singing and dancing in front of the singing stage. The mourning drum dance has a complete performance program and a complete set of singing and dancing movements. First, the drummer (usually an elder) beats the drum three times, shouts "Call Bai", and reads some words of condolences to indicate the beginning of the funeral song. The cymbal singers appeared from both sides of the stage, bowed their hands in memory of the deceased, and then began to play cymbals and dance according to the rhythm of the drums. As soon as the drumming stops and the dancing stops, the dancing singer begins to sing a filial song, and the drumming singer is responsible for supporting. After singing a section, dance to a section, after dancing to a section, sing a section again, repeating the cycle until dawn. During the performance, the bereaved family will set off firecrackers from time to time to heighten the atmosphere. The rhythm of the singing and dancing of the funeral drum dance is controlled by the drummer. When singing, one beat is one drum, and when dancing, there are four drums per beat. The dancer must click the cymbals in time with the drums during the dance. The method of holding a cymbal is very particular. It is generally similar to "holding a bowl". Use the index finger and middle finger of the left hand to wrap the ribbon on the cymbal tightly, and then use the thumb to control the pronunciation of the cymbal. When the thumb is separated from the cymbal, the cymbal will sound crisp and bright. , is called "open strike", and the thumb hits the cymbal, and the sound is dull, which is called "muffled strike". Each percussion section has five bars. The drummers and dancers who dance the mourning drum are both men. The dance moves are vigorous and powerful. The main dance step is "trembling step" (commonly known as "one step, three trembling steps"). Other dance steps include "four big steps", "rolling body", "Yehao", "Wind Swinging Willows", etc. These movements are all derived from production and life, such as "pulling radish", "releasing rake", etc., and also imitate the postures of birds and animals, such as "eagle spreads wings", " Hanging Eagle Palm" and so on.