History of Nankai District in Tianjin

I. Historical Evolution of Nankai District In the Yuan Dynasty, a large amount of grain was transported into Beijing through Sanchakou. Thailand plans to build Tianfei Palace in the northeast of China in three years (1326), which will become an important place for "department stores to meet".

In the second year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1404, February 11-1405,1), Wei Jiancheng was established, and the residents increased. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, grain transportation, salt industry and reclamation flourished, commercial finance developed gradually, and the population surged, mostly from Anhui, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces.

During the light years of Qing Dynasty (around 1840), the urban population was 9535 1. From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, it became the political, economic and cultural center of Tianjin.

Tianjin Special City was established in 17 (1928). At that time, it belonged to the first and second districts and Tianjin County. The Japanese occupation period (1938-1945) was changed to the first, second and ninth districts and Tianjin county.

1August, 947, Tianjin set aside part of the seventh district and added the eleventh district. After liberation, the original administrative divisions were still used.

1952 10 was renamed the seventh district, and 1956 10 was officially named Nankai district. Everyone in the district is at No.390, huanghe road.

1999, Nankai District governs 14 streets: Gulou Street, Xingyeli Street, Jialing Road Street, Sports Center Street, Wangdingdi Street, Changhong Street, Xiangyang Road Street, Wanxing Street, Balitai Street, Xuefu Street, Nanxing Street, Guangkai Street, Huayuan Street and Shuiku Street.

At the beginning of 2004, Nankai District governed 12 streets: Changhong Street, Gulou Street, Guangkai Street, Wanxing Street, Xuefu Street, Xiangyang Road Street, Jialing Road Street, Wangdingdi Street, Balitai Street, Sports Center Street, Nanxing Street and Huayuan Street.

Second, the historical evolution of Nankai District In the Yuan Dynasty, a large amount of grain was transported into Beijing through Sanchakou. Thailand plans to build Tianfei Palace in the northeast of China in three years (1326), which will become an important place for "department stores to meet".

In the second year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1404, February 11-1405,1), Wei Jiancheng was established, and the residents increased. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, grain transportation, salt industry and reclamation flourished, commercial finance developed gradually, and the population surged, mostly from Anhui, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces.

During the light years of Qing Dynasty (around 1840), the urban population was 9535 1. From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, it became the political, economic and cultural center of Tianjin.

Tianjin Special City was established in 17 (1928). At that time, it belonged to the first and second districts and Tianjin County. The Japanese occupation period (1938-1945) was changed to the first, second and ninth districts and Tianjin county.

1August, 947, Tianjin set aside part of the seventh district and added the eleventh district. After liberation, the original administrative divisions were still used.

1952 10 was renamed the seventh district, and 1956 10 was officially named Nankai district. Everyone in the district is at No.390, huanghe road.

1999, Nankai District governs 14 streets: Gulou Street, Xingyeli Street, Jialing Road Street, Sports Center Street, Wangdingdi Street, Changhong Street, Xiangyang Road Street, Wanxing Street, Balitai Street, Xuefu Street, Nanxing Street, Guangkai Street, Huayuan Street and Shuiku Street.

At the beginning of 2004, Nankai District governed 12 streets: Changhong Street, Gulou Street, Guangkai Street, Wanxing Street, Xuefu Street, Xiangyang Road Street, Jialing Road Street, Wangdingdi Street, Balitai Street, Sports Center Street, Nanxing Street and Huayuan Street.

Third, the origin of the name of Nankai District, the coast of Bohai Sea and the hometown of Jinmen. On the one hand, fertile soil breeds unique customs, and generations of simple people have created a long and splendid culture. The spring tide of reform and opening up has written gorgeous poems with flowers and prosperity. This is the birthplace of Tianjin-Nankai.

Nankai District is one of the administrative districts of Tianjin, located in the southwest of the central city, with an area of 40.64 square kilometers and a population of 870,000. Nankai District is a vibrant new urban area with commercial, scientific and cultural characteristics, which has favorable conditions and advantages for comprehensive development.

Nankai District is a cultural and educational district in Tianjin. Nankai University, Tianjin University and other well-known universities at home and abroad have settled in this area. Nankai Middle School named after Nankai District is not only one of the famous schools in China, but also the alma mater of two prime ministers, Zhou Enlai and China.

Nankai District is a high-tech industrial zone in Tianjin. National High-tech Industrial Park Tianjin High-tech Industrial Park is located in Nankai District. Nankai Science and Technology Park, covering an area of 12.22 square kilometers, is the policy area of Tianjin New Technology Industrial Park, and enterprises entering Nankai Science and Technology Park can enjoy the preferential policies of national high-tech zones.

Nankai District is a folk culture tourist area in Tianjin. The Laochengxiang area in Nankai District is the birthplace of Tianjin with a history of 600 years. There are many cultural relics and historic sites in this area, forming a unique folk culture atmosphere. Tianhou Palace, built in Yuan Dynasty, is one of the three famous Mazu Tempel in the world. The newly completed Gulou Commercial Street makes the old town box reproduce the prosperous landscape of that year.

Nankai District is an important business district in Tianjin. Traditional businesses, such as Zhengxingde, Siyuanxiang and Xiangdezhai, glow with new youth. The southwest corner and East Road form a new prosperous area. New World Xin 'an Shopping Plaza, Trust-Mart, Home World, Carrefour and other modern commercial facilities and supermarket chains have driven new consumption. Ancient Culture Street, Clothing Street, Nanma Road Hardware City and Stainless Steel Market have become famous professional markets in China.

The development goal of Nankai District is to become an important commercial center, a vibrant high-tech industrial base, an attractive cultural tourism base and an advanced civilized urban area in Tianjin.

The development of history

The origin of "Nankai"

Nankai district retreated from the sea about 4000 years ago, with flat terrain, high in the north and low in the south. Nankai District, located in the southwest of Tianjin, was originally an open depression in the south of the old city of Tianjin, and was called "Nankai".

Cheng was established in Nankai.

During the Yuan Dynasty, a large amount of grain was transported into Beijing through the Sanchakou. Thailand plans to build Tianfei Palace in the northeast of China in three years (1326), which will become an important place for "department stores to meet". In the second year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1404, February 11-1405,1), Wei Jiancheng was established, and the residents increased. By the Qing Dynasty, grain transportation, salt industry and land reclamation were developed, commercial finance developed gradually, and the population increased sharply, mostly from Anhui, Shanxi and Jiangsu.

Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces. During the light years of Qing Dynasty (around 1840), the urban population was 9535 1. From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, it became the political, economic and cultural center of Tianjin.

Nankai construction area

Tianjin Special City was established in 17 (1928). At that time, it belonged to the first and second districts and Tianjin County. The Japanese occupation period (1938-1945) was changed to the first, second and ninth districts and Tianjin county. 1August, 947, Tianjin set aside part of the seventh district and added the eleventh district.

After liberation, the original administrative divisions were still used. 1952 10 was renamed the seventh district, and 1956 10 was officially named Nankai district. Everyone in the district is at No.390, huanghe road.

Four. Changes in Nankai District of Tianjin in recent years In recent years, the tertiary industry, which is mainly engaged in commerce, trade, finance and catering services, has developed rapidly, with numerous shops, complete service facilities, prosperous market and developed trade.

East Road Commercial Street, South Road Hardware Bearing Street, Ancient Culture Street, Clothing Street and Anshan West Road Science and Technology Business Street with professional characteristics are well-known in North China. The famous Tianjin Shopping Center and Oriental Commercial Building attract many domestic and foreign shoppers with their elegant environment, good service and dazzling array of goods.

Nankai also has 28 time-honored brands, including Zhengxingde Tea House, Xiangdezhai Pastry Store, Inline Shoe and Hat Store, Wanghe Department Store and Guanyinhao Non-staple Food Store. , selling more than 5000 kinds of famous, special and excellent goods. Nankai has built 10 large-scale comprehensive wholesale markets, such as Guwen Street Antique Market, Hongqi Road Automobile Trading Market, Haihe Sweater Market, huanghe road Leather Market and Xihu Road Shoes City. Wangdingdi Aquatic Products Wholesale Market and Hongqi Farmers' Market have become the important distribution centers of agricultural and sideline products in the city, which have played a role in connecting urban and rural areas and radiating the three northern regions, with an annual transaction volume exceeding 1 100 million yuan.

In order to reflect the characteristics of metropolis, many hotels and entertainment service facilities have been built in this area, such as Huibinyuan Hotel, Hsi Chin Hotel and Huaxia Hotel in the bustling business district, Jindu Hotel and Huacheng Hotel in the middle line. In addition, snacks of various flavors can be seen everywhere.

Attracting investment has achieved fruitful results. Adhering to the export-oriented economy as the leading factor, the whole region has formulated various preferential policies, intensified its opening to the outside world, and raised the visibility of Nankai District. Some well-known international consortia and large enterprises have invested in Nankai. The scope of investment has also expanded from simple production projects to real estate development, urban infrastructure construction, commercial retail and so on.

Nankai has become a hot spot for foreign investment. Nankai District is a research base of higher education with intensive intelligence and advanced technology in Tianjin.

More than half of the whole area has been designated as Tianjin High-tech Industrial Park. Nankai University, Tianjin University and other comprehensive, science and engineering colleges and universities 16, laser research institute, physics research institute and other national and municipal scientific research institutions 96, with more than 30,000 scientific and technical personnel above the intermediate level. The park embodies Tianjin's advantages in high-tech fields such as electronic information, mechatronics, fine chemicals, new materials and new energy, and bioengineering.

Strong scientific and technological strength has formed the unique advantages of Nankai, promoted the rapid development of technology-intensive industries and technology-oriented products in this area, and laid the foundation for the transformation of regional economy from extensive to intensive.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) The historical changes of Tianjin City; On the limitations of words from the aspects of politics, economy, culture, military affairs and topography; Today, the main urban areas of Tianjin refer to the six districts of Hedong, Hexi, Hebei, Hongqiao, Nankai and Heping.

Among them, we can easily find that two thirds of them are directly related to the "river". This shows a historical feature of the formation and change of Tianjin urban area: development along the river.

Why does the formation and change of Tianjin urban area have such characteristics? This should start with the settlement in Tianjin. 1. Tianjin settlement base1At the beginning of the 2nd century, Mongolian cavalry crossed the Yinshan Mountain and swept across the north of China.

The Jin dynasty, which originally occupied half of Zhao and Song Dynasties, was in jeopardy. Ren Jin Hong Yan 12 13? (Du) When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, he immediately surrendered to Mongolia.

12 14 In the spring, Genghis Khan's fighters retreated. Soon, Hong Yan? Hong Yan was appointed Commander-in-Chief of Zuo Wei.

The History of Jin records that Zuo's real name was Liang, and he was first the commander-in-chief of Wuqing, and his real name was Li, and he was first the commander-in-chief of Liukou Town. For a long time, with Zuo Wei as the commander in chief, we seized the deputy commander in chief and defended Zhigu Village. ”。

This ancient branch is located in the narrow triangle on the southeast bank of Sanchakou, that is, the Yuhuangge area on the west side of Tianjin Lion Forest Bridge, sometimes called Xiaozhigu. The records in the Book of Golden History illustrate many problems, especially the geographical relationship and establishment evolution of Wuqing, Liukou and Zhizhu.

This is very important. Wuqing is an ancient Quanzhou (the old city is now Shang Cheng Village, Wuqing County), which has been an important place for water transportation and salt sales since the Han Dynasty. Liukou Town is Yangliuqing, which belongs to Jinghai (Gudongpingshu, now Jinghai County) and has long been a market town.

Zhiguyuan belongs to Wuqing and Jinghai counties. Over time, due to the development of economic, political and military situation, its focus shifted to supporting and consolidating. In other words, because Tianjin had risen to a new position at that time, it was the first time to send a commander-in-chief to lead the defense.

At the same time, this completely different change shows that zhi gu has become the original settlement in Tianjin today. Why should Tianjin people's "roots" be rooted in Zhigu? In recent years, archaeologists have found that during the Warring States period, materials such as double animal-grain or tiger-grain bricks, rope-grain bricks and tile slabs appeared in Jugezhuang, Jinnan District. There are two in Beicang.

26m* 1 .87 m semi-basement house; Today, Jiefang South Road (Darenzhuang) has cultural relics of the Han Dynasty; There are also large-scale Tang Dynasty ruins with rich cultural connotations in Junliangcheng.

At the same time, according to the documents of the Song Dynasty, there are also military dikes in Gu Ni, Shuang Gang and Xiaonanhe. There is no doubt that these places may be the earliest places where Tianjin people lived (of course, there may be undiscovered places).

But none of them have become the basic point of Tianjin urban area. The reason, of course, is related to the "sea overflow" in the Bohai Sea in the Western Han Dynasty (Han Shu Gou), and more importantly, Zhizhu has unparalleled advantages in geographical location.

1. zhi gu, at the mouth of Sancha River, is the starting point of Haihe River. Haihe River consists of Yun Bei, Yongding, Daqing, Ziya, Nanyun and other rivers, which converge from north, west, north, southwest and south. Notes on Water Classics is called "? } (sell? ) river tail ",so this place is the throat of inland river and Haikou, with the nature of river port and seaport.

Second, the river width in this area is narrow, with an average of 100 m, while the river width below is gradually widened, ranging from 300 m to 400 m in Haikou; The water is not deep, which is convenient for people's activities at that time. 3. Due to the land formation in Tianjin and the Haihe River system, the altitude of Zhigu is between seven and eight meters above sea level in Dagu today, and most areas are only two to four meters high.

The dominant position is obviously beneficial to Zhigu as a residential settlement. For nomadic people, it is also the contact hub between the hometown of the Jurchen nationality and the food source. It is also absolutely necessary to set up a garrison, so Shigu has since become a settlement in Tianjin. In Zhigu, there was only one fishing fort at first. There were only a few fishermen and boatmen in the original residential area, and later some soldiers from Nuzhen and Qidan came, which became the initial population composition of Tianjin.

A few months after Hong Yan defended Zhigu village, Mongolian fighters came back like a whirlwind, and the support changed again. The first is the emergence of saltworks.

Wang E's "Inscription on the Establishment of Saltworks in Sancha Valley" said: "In the autumn of Wu Jia (1234), the land in Sancha Valley was dry and frost-free, the beach was wide and flat, and brine gushed out." At first, 65,438+08 families, including Gao Hexie, were allowed to set up stoves to cook salt. Soon, there are more and more touts and vendors.

After two years' development, two salt ambassadors, Trifork Selling and zhi gu, were established. At that time, salt people appeared in Tianjin. Secondly, after the Yuan Dynasty established the capital (now Beijing), the grain was "all returned to the south of the Yangtze River".

(The Nautical Notes of Yuan Su Wei). 1282, we tried to ship Jianghuai Mi -4 by sea.

In the second year, more than 60,000 stones reached Zhigu (losing nearly 4,000 stones). Since then, shipping industry has developed rapidly. After the grain is loaded from Jiangnan, "when the ship arrives at Zhigu, it will be dispatched by the water transport officer" (Yuan Gong Shitai's "Playing Fast").

Therefore, the "zhi gu Maritime Rice Warehouse" was established, and the "Linqing Yu He Grain Transportation Institute" and "Storage Hall" were successively established in zhi gu at the corner of Haihe River to manage storage and transportation. By 1329, it has reached more than 3.5 million stones.

Soon, two "Tian Fei Lingci Palace" were established in zhi gu and zhi gu, both of which were related to shipping. This directly promoted the prosperity of Tianjin, as Wang Yuan Maude said: "Wu Dong turned to the sea to export japonica rice, and thousands of ships gathered overnight." (Shiga).

Shipping has also promoted maritime trade, including "Wu people went to Yanji last year" (Yuan * * * became a "Shigu Guest Tour"). It extended the urban area of Tianjin from the corner of Sanchakou to zhi gu, passed Majiakou, Sanchakou and Houjia, and reached the wharf to the west, which was the basic condition for the narrow development of Tianjin coastal rivers at that time.

When talking about the atmosphere of Tianjin in Ming Dynasty, Wang Lai once said that "ten thousand stoves live along the river" (see "Mao Gong goes to miss the monument"), which is a good description. In order to defend the lifeline of shipping and control the estuaries of various rivers, the Yuan Dynasty also set up the "Chu family troops guarding Haikou Tun" in zhi gu on 1209, and sent troops to guard Tun. The anchorage in 13 16 was changed to Haijin Town.

1349, a town hall was established here. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, an important official who knew the Privy Council was also sent to buy and guard Haijin Town.

The characteristic of Zhigu-Haijin Town is the economic and political development, which makes the population of Tianjin "live for a long time". Half of Wu Ge "(Fu Yuan Ruojin's" Zhi Gu Kou ").

Naturally, these people who are engaged in salt, water, coastal defense and river defense have to rely on and live along the Haihe River. In the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1404), Fangcheng was built, with a circumference of nine miles and two minutes, located in the southwest of former zhi gu.