Interesting geography knowledge

Beijing Middle School Students Online Astronomy Knowledge Competition Test Paper

Part 1 multiple choice questions (one point each, ***40 points)

01. Closest to the Earth The planets are ( ) A, Venus B, Mercury C, Mars

02. The most massive planet in the solar system is ( ) A. Mars B, Saturn C, Jupiter D, Uranus

03. The planet with the fastest rotation in the solar system is ( ) A. Jupiter B. Saturn C. Uranus D. Neptune

04. The planet with the slowest rotation in the solar system is ( ) A. Mercury B. Venus C. Earth D. Mars

05. Sunspots are located in the solar atmosphere ( ) A. Photosphere B. Chromosphere C. Corona D. Troposphere

06. Solar flare Located in the solar atmosphere ( ) A. Photosphere B. Chromosphere C. Corona D. Troposphere

07. The energy of the sun comes from ( ) A. Combination reaction B. Decomposition reaction C. Nuclear fusion D. Nuclear fission

08. Among the planets in the solar system, the one that looks brightest on the earth is ( ) A. Mercury B. Venus C. Mars D. Jupiter

09. The following satellites Which one of them has the same rotation period and revolution period ( ) A. Charon B. Io C. Mimas D. Moon

10. The largest volcano in the solar system is ( ) A. Mount Vesuvius B, Wudalianchi C, Mount Olympus D, Matterhorn

11. The target detected by the Galileo probe (Galileo) is ( ) A. Venus B. Jupiter C. Saturn D Mars

12. On October 15, 1997, a probe flew towards Saturn and will fly to Saturn in 2004. This probe is ( ) A. Voyager 1 B. Cassie Ni C, Odyssey D, Voyager 2

13. The planet with the most violent atmospheric activity and the fastest surface wind speed in the solar system is ( ) A. Uranus B. Neptune C. Pluto D. Mercury

14. Among the following planets, the one that will experience transit is A. Venus B. Mars C. Jupiter D. Saturn

15. Among the following planets, the one that will experience opposition is A. , Mercury B, Venus C, Earth D, Jupiter

16. Among the near-Earth asteroids, those that cross the Earth's orbit are called A, Armor type B, Apollo type C, Armstrong type D, Apollo type Genie type

17. The comets that hit Jupiter in 1994 were named A, Hyakutake B, Halley’s C, Hale-Bopp D, and Shoemaker-Levy 9

< p>18. Among the following planets, the ones with the most satellites are A, Jupiter B, Saturn C, Mars D, and Neptune

19. Which planet was called Chang Geng in ancient China? A. Mercury B. Venus C. Mars

20. Which comet is the Leonid meteor shower related to? A. Comet Temple-Tuttle B. Comet Swift-Tuttle )C Ikeya-Saki (Comet Ikeya-Saki)

21. When is the most suitable time to observe the inner planets? A. Eastern distance B. Superior conjunction C. Western distance D opposition

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22. Who discovered the first asteroid? A. Piazzi B. Olbers C. Kipthorne

23. The time people spend daily is () A. Sidereal time, B. True solar time, C. Mean solar time

24. The sun directly hitting the Tropic of Cancer is one of the 24 solar terms () A. Vernal equinox, B. Autumnal equinox, C. Summer solstice, D. Winter Solstice

25. To the naked eye, the brightest star in the sky is _______. A. Arcturus B. Vega C. Sirius

26. The most representative constellation in the winter night sky is A. Canis Major B. Orion C. Gemini D. Taurus

27. The most prominent constellation in the spring night sky is _______.

A. Leo B. Virgo C. Scorpio

28. Which constellation is Regulus located in? A. Cepheus B. Ursa Major C. Leo

29. Which of the following stars is related to The Winter Triangle has nothing to do with it? A. Betelgeuse B. Antares C. Procyon

30. Nineteen ancient poems: Far-away Altair, Jiaojiaohe Hannu. Which constellation is Vega located in? A .Andromeda B. Virgo C. Lyra

31. The first astronaut into space was ______. A Armstrong B Gagarin C Charlie Duke

32. It is usually said what the parallax of a certain celestial body is. Parallax represents the _____ of the observed celestial body. A Angle B Distance C Celestial body size

33. The annual apparent motion of the sun is a reflection of _______. A. Earth’s revolution B. Earth’s rotation C. Sun’s revolution

34. According to star districts, there are *** _____ constellations in the sky. A 28, B 68, C 88

35. There is a ____ relationship between the geographical latitude of a certain place and the altitude of Polaris. A. Both are equal. B. The former is greater than the latter. C. The former is less than the latter. D. Uncertain

36. Which celestial body did the Egyptians use to formulate the 365-day calendar? A. The sun B. The moon C. Sirius< /p>

37. The density of a neutron star is as high as 1 billion tons/cubic centimeter, and it is mainly composed of ___. A proton B neutron C electron

38. The galaxy M51 (NGC5194) in the constellation Canes Canes is _______. A. Spiral galaxy B. Elliptical galaxy C. Irregular galaxy

39. In which constellation is the M1 Crab Nebula located? A. Cancer B. Taurus C. Scorpio

40. 17 The mass of a white dwarf cannot exceed the Chandrasekhar limit. How many solar masses is the Chandrasekhar limit? A.1.44 B.3.0 C.2.4

Part 2 Fill in the blanks (one for each blank) points, ***40 points)

01. The return period of comets related to the Leonid meteor shower is about ____ years.

02. Through special telescopes, you can see that the photosphere of the sun is covered with densely packed granular structures. This structure is called the _____ structure of the sun.

03. The orbit of the ball around the earth is called

04. Lunar eclipses are divided into two types: total lunar eclipse and ______, which can only occur on _____ of the lunar calendar.

05. A total lunar eclipse includes five stages, namely.

08. A solar eclipse can only occur on , which is the lunar calendar day.

09. In recent years, using far-ultraviolet and X-ray observations, it has been discovered that dark areas appear in certain special positions of the corona, called .

10. The rotation direction of most planets in the solar system is the same as the direction of revolution. The exceptions are and ; in addition, the rotation axis and revolution axis of are almost perpendicular, almost "lying" in the orbit and rotating.

11. It is known that the geographical latitude of Beijing is 40 degrees north latitude, then the height of the sun above the ground at noon in Beijing on the vernal equinox, autumnal equinox, winter solstice and summer solstice are respectively _____, _______, _______, ______ .

12. Wind, frost, rain and snow mainly occur in the _____ layer of the earth's atmosphere; the ozone layer is located in the ______ layer about ____ kilometers above the ground.

13. The Big Dipper belongs to the ___ constellation. Ancient books say: "The handle of the Dipper points to the east, and the world is _______."

14. Sirius and a nearby dark star form a pair of _______, and the companion star of Sirius is a _______.

15. The radio pulsar discovered in the 1960s was proved to be a high-speed rotating _______, with a radius of about _____ kilometers.

16. A galaxy is a celestial system composed of billions to hundreds of billions of stars and interstellar gas and dust material, occupying a space of several thousand to hundreds of thousands of light-years. According to shape, galaxies can be divided into three categories: _______, _________ and ________.

17. On a clear, moonless night, a fuzzy oval-shaped small spot of light can be seen in Andromeda, which is customarily called the Andromeda Nebula; in fact, it is another galaxy outside the Milky Way, called the Andromeda Nebula. _______, about ______ light years away from us.

18. The geocentric theory of the universe was established around 140 AD by _______ astronomer _______ based on the development of previous theories.

19. The space telescope launched in 1990 is also called the _______ telescope, and its diameter is _______ meters.

20. There are three types of calendars: , , and so on.

21. In ancient China during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, three theories of universe structure were formed: , , and .

Part 3. Calculation (20 points)

1. It is known that the rest wavelength of a quasar spectrum is 3200 angstroms. Now observe its red shift to 15000 angstroms. Please estimate

(1) What is the recession speed of this quasar? (2) According to Hubble's law, what is its distance from us? (Hubble constant H=75km s/Mpc)

2. Please calculate the distance between the sun and our earth in units of light years and parsecs respectively. It is known that the apparent magnitude of the sun is -26.78, please calculate its absolute magnitude.

ACABA BCBDC BBBAD BDBBA AACCC BACBC BBACA CBABA

01, 33 02, Mi Li 03, Baidao 04. Partial lunar eclipse, 15th 05. First waning, eclipse, extreme eclipse, light, full circle 08. New moon, first day 9, coronal hole 10, Venus and Uranus; Uranus 11, 50, 50, 26.5, 76.5. 12. Convection; 20-30. Advection 13. Big Bear, Spring 14. Double star, white dwarf. 15. Neutron star, 10. 16. Oval, vortex and irregularity. 17. Andromeda Galaxy, 2.2 million 18. Ancient Greece, Ptolemy, 19. Hubble, 2.4. 20. There are three types of calendar: lunar calendar, solar calendar, lunisolar calendar. 21. Gaitian theory, Huntian theory and Xuanye theory.

Part 3. Calculation (20 points)

1. It is known that the rest wavelength of a quasar spectrum is 3200 angstroms. Now observe its red shift to 15000 angstroms. Please estimate

(1) What is the recession speed of this quasar?

(2) According to Hubble’s law, what is its distance from us?

(Hubble constant H=75km s/Mpc)

(1)z=(l-l0)/l0=(15000-3200)/3200=3.6875

z=[(c+V)/(c-V)]1/2-1

V=2.739*105km/s

(2) V=HD < /p>

D=V/H=3651.7MPc

2. Calculate the distance between the sun and our earth in units of light years and parsecs respectively. It is known that the apparent magnitude of the Sun is -26.78, please calculate its absolute magnitude.

The average distance between the sun and the earth is:

(1) L=1.5*108km

1 light year=365*24*3600*3*105=9.46 *1012km

1 parsec=3.26 light years

L=1.5*108/9.46*1012=1.59*10-5 light years=4.88*10-6Pc

i.m=-26.78

M=m+5-5lgr

=-26.78+5-5lg4.88*10-6=4.77

1. What does green food refer to? (C)

A. Vegetables and fruits B. Green food C. Safe and pollution-free food D. Food with rich nutritional value

2. Which of the following can be classified and recycled? , recycled garbage.

(C)

A recycle waste plastics B recycle leftovers C recycle waste paper D recycle biological waste

3. Which leader initiated my country’s environmental protection cause? of? (D)

A. Mao Zedong B. Liu Shaoqi C. Deng Xiaoping D. Zhou Enlai

4. Which of the following is not environmental pollution? (A)

A, biological contamination B. Food pollution C, noise pollution D, soil pollution

5. What three aspects does the environmental status assessment include?

A. Environmental pollution evaluation B. Ecological evaluation C. Aesthetic evaluation. D Land quality evaluation

6. The acid rain area in my country accounts for (B) of the land area

A. 20% B.40% C. 30%

7. Choose phosphorus-free laundry detergent (B).

A. Protect clothes B. Prevent pollution C. Protect hands

8. Wetland protection is an important field of environmental protection and a hot spot in international nature conservation; World Wetland Day is celebrated every year of: (C).

A. March 12 B. May 2 C. February 2

9. The largest nature reserve in my country (C).

A. Kanas Lake Protected Area B. Tianchi Protected Area C. Altun Mountain Protected Area

10. Bayinbulak Swan National Reserve is (B) the most popular place for whooper swans Concentrated breeding grounds.

A. my country B. World C. Asia

11. One AA battery can permanently lose the use value of one square meter of land, and one button battery can pollute ( C) A. 1 cubic meter of water B. 1,000 cubic meters of water C. 60,000 cubic meters of water

12. The emblem of the China Wildlife Conservation Association is (B)

A. Red-crowned crane B. Giant panda C. Camel

13. Xinjiang’s animal and plant kingdom, known as the mysterious wonderland, is (A) a national nature reserve.

A. Hanas B. Tianchi C. Altun Mountain

14. Which of the following is wrong: (C)

A. Three Waste lunch boxes can be used to make a student ruler

B. After dissolving, waste cans can be 100% recycled countless times into new cans

C. Waste glass cannot be recycled

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15. National key protected wild plants (A).

A. Level one and level two B. Two levels: key and non-key C. Level 1, 2, and 3

16. In order to protect the blue sky, we should (C) when we go out.

A. Try to choose comfortable transportation B. Use private cars C. Try to choose public transportation

17. To reduce "white pollution" we should (A )

A. Consciously use less or less refractory plastic packaging bags B. Litter plastic waste

C. Use plastic products as much as possible

18. Environmental changes caused by environmental factors refer to (A)

A. Environmental impact B. Environmental improvement C. Environmental transformation

19. When using a copier, the copier has high voltage Ozone (B) produced by the chemical reaction between parts and air

A. No impact B. Harmful to human health C. Beneficial to human health

20. The objects of environmental monitoring are: : (A)

A. Atmosphere, water, soil, organisms, noise

B. Atmosphere, cityscape, soil, organisms, noise

C. Atmosphere , traffic, soil, biology, noise

21. Currently, human society is facing one of the six serious environmental problems: (B)

A. Ecological environment degradation problem B. Ecological environment Deterioration and environmental problems caused by new resource development

C. Problems with new resource development

22. Our country has established (C) as a basic national policy.

A. National unity B. Poverty alleviation C. Environmental protection

23. The biosphere generally refers to the relationship between (B) the boundary circle formed by the biological system and the boundary circle of nature, Influence.

A. Humans, animals B. Humans, animals, plants C. Animals, plants

The 24th and 21st centuries are (C) centuries.

A. Technology B. Economy C. Environmental protection

25. With the development of the green consumption movement, a (B) lifestyle has gradually formed around the world.

A. The pursuit of fashion destroys the environment B. Protect the environment and respect nature C. Protect the environment and consume blindly

Discuss the pros and cons of using disposable chopsticks and plastic tableware in restaurants and restaurants

Answer: Pros: Hygienic, not easy to transmit various diseases.

Disadvantages: Plastic tableware is difficult to handle and causes "white pollution". Disposable chopsticks waste a lot of wood, which in the long run will destroy forests and destroy the ecological environment.

Conclusion: The harm outweighs the benefits and its use should be stopped

(4) Answers to the questions and answers

1. The "three wastes" in industry and the "three wastes" in life refer to each What?

Answer: The industrial "three wastes" refer to waste gas, waste water, and waste residue;

The "three wastes" of domestic life refer to feces, garbage, and sewage.

2. Do you know that food contamination can be roughly divided into two categories according to its nature?

Answer: A. Biological pollution B. Chemical pollution

3. What are the main pesticides that cause harm to the human body by contaminating food?

Answer: A. Organochlorine pesticides B. Organophosphorus pesticides C. Organomercury pesticides

4. What are the main soil pollutants in my country? (The whole class raised their hands to answer)

Answer: Pesticides and heavy metals (especially cadmium)

5. What are the "five poisonous" substances often mentioned in water pollution?

Answer: Phenol, cyanide, mercury, chromium, arsenic.

6. About 1.8 billion people in the world are now sick due to drinking biologically contaminated water. Do you know what diseases are mainly caused by drinking these contaminated water? (At least 4 correct answers)

Answer: There are dysentery, injuries, side injuries, cholera, polio, infectious hepatitis, schistosomiasis, fascioliasis, etc.

7. What are the ways in which water bodies are polluted? (Answer at least 3 or more types)

Answer: Urban sewage, industrial wastewater, farmland containing pesticides, chemical fertilizers, organic matter, atmospheric fallout, radioactive scattering and acid rain, etc.

8. What are the five gases that are most damaging to green plants?

Answer: Nitrogen oxide, ethylene, chlorine, fluoride and sulfur dioxide.

9. What are the main types of environmental pollution?

Answer (1) Air pollution (2) Water pollution (3) Soil pollution (4) Food pollution (5) Radioactive pollution (6) Noise pollution

10. Smoking is harmful to health , do you know which major carcinogens and radioactive substances are contained in cigarettes?

Answer: Nicotine; Polonium-210,

11. What are the four main sources of environmental noise?

Answer: Transportation, industrial production, construction industry, social life

Youth participation in urban environmental protection

The environment dedicates everything it has without reservation, and human beings are Born, reproduced and developed on its sustenance. Today, when environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious, it is time for us to do something for the environment.

Ancient Chinese philosophers have repeatedly emphasized that harmony with the environment is the highest virtue. Gorky also once said, "It is better to give than to receive." These words contain profound philosophy. If human beings want to develop, they must protect the environment. Otherwise, environmental pollution will become a stumbling block to human progress. When we ask for something from the environment, we will give it back twice as much, so that we can live in harmony with the environment and help each other.

We can summarize the seven major pollutions in the city.

1. Air pollution

2. Water pollution

3. Noise pollution

4. Solid waste pollution

< p>5. Electromagnetic radiation pollution

6. Thermal pollution

7. Living environment pollution

In addition, there are small green areas and urban "crowding syndrome" etc. questions.

In fact, we urban residents have witnessed the existence of these pollutions and are deeply affected by them. What we young people must do is to participate in urban environmental protection. I think it can be divided into two steps, awareness and action.

Awareness is very important because awareness guides people's actions. We must realize the importance of environmental protection. Because the environment is closely related to human beings, if we demand too much from the environment without cherishing it at all, we will definitely be punished by the environment. Once some disasters and damage are caused, it is difficult to make up for it; once the environment has been seriously polluted, it is much more difficult to restore it to its original appearance than to protect it now. Therefore, if you do not protect the environment now, you will know how to cherish it and regret and despair when you lose it in the future. It's too late! For the sustainable development of mankind, we should put environmental protection into practice.

The action of protecting the environment requires everyone's participation. No matter how powerful it is, everyone should start from themselves and around them.

Like caring for your own home and your own wealth Also care for the environment.

Teenagers should start with practical and small things, as follows:

1. Regularly promote environmental protection knowledge

2. Plant a tree every year

3. Save scratch paper and use disposable tableware

4. Walk softly and slowly, don’t litter

5. Firmly support environmentally friendly products

6. Recycling useful waste and disposing of toxic waste

Environmental protection has a long way to go and will not be achieved overnight. Young people should insist on environmental protection and let the environment grow better and more stably as we grow. develop.

Protecting the earth starts with me

Throughout the ages, Mother Earth has nurtured countless generations of descendants with her sweet milk. It turns out that she was beautifully decorated by the juniors. However, now humans torture her to the point of darkness for their own benefit. Humanity has only one earth; and the earth is facing a severe environmental crisis. "Save the Earth" has become the strongest voice of people around the world.

I feel heartbroken by the deterioration of the surrounding environment. I think: as the future successors, if young people do not understand the composition of the human environment and the seriousness of environmental problems, and ignore the laws and regulations related to environmental protection, they will not be able to If we strengthen our awareness of environmental protection and consciously fulfill our obligations to protect the environment, our lives will be destroyed in our own hands, and God will severely punish us. For this reason, I am determined to start from myself, protect the environment, protect our homeland, and be a guardian of the environment.

In the past year, I actively participated in tree planting activities carried out by the school, and led the class cadres of our first grade (6) squadron to create the "Green Angel" green planting and protection group to encourage the team members I adopted a small sapling on campus and used my spare time to dress it up, laying the foundation for it to grow into a towering tree. In the "Let the Earth Be Full of Life" signing event organized by the school, I solemnly signed my name, and wrote down my determination and expectations for environmental protection, and my vision for a better future. I actively participated in the award-winning submissions held by the school on World Environment Day, carefully reviewed and collected various materials, conducted social surveys, and wrote articles on environmental governance ideas. I often attended environmental lectures organized by the school and watched environmental protection recordings. Together, we actively participated in the Q&A survey on environmental protection knowledge and filled in every question carefully. I participated in the construction of the website of the "Red Scarf Planting and Green Protection Team", where I published a large number of environmental protection pictures and environmental protection knowledge, as well as legal knowledge on various aspects of environmental protection, my country's development trends in environmental protection, and the environmental protection situation in various countries around the world; Every month, I use the Internet and newspapers to find some of the latest different topics and sections of "environmental protection information" to tell everyone; I also regularly make some publicity boards to promote environmental protection knowledge and common sense of environmental protection in life.

It has improved everyone’s awareness of environmental protection; I call on students to care for their homes from different aspects, start from the small things around them, and contribute their own strength to the surrounding environment! I actively mobilize people around me to protect and build in accordance with the law The last and only home of mankind is to promote the sustainable development of economy and society and contribute to human civilization. I also jointly launched with my classmates "Raise a pot of flowers, adopt a tree, cherish every piece of green space, let us be surrounded by green" and "Use small plastic bags instead of foam lunch boxes and disposable chopsticks to keep us away from white pollution” initiative. Let us put down the convenience bags, pick up the vegetable baskets, and let us move towards a beautiful green tomorrow and a glorious and brilliant future together!

According to a report I collected: "Environmental issues It is caused by the unreasonable development and utilization of natural resources by humans. The shocking environmental problems mainly include air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, food pollution, and inappropriate development and utilization of natural resources." These are iron-clad facts. Tell us that they devour human lives mercilessly like demons. It threatens the ecological balance, harms human health, restricts the sustainable development of the economy and society, and puts mankind into trouble. For this reason, I make a declaration: "As long as we, human beings, never forget the awareness of protecting the environment and the awareness of managing the environment in accordance with the law, the global village will become a beautiful paradise." In the future, the sky will be blue, the water will be clear, the trees will be filled with flowers, and humans will be able to enjoy the happiness that nature has bestowed upon us.

“The true test of our contribution to the environment is not words, but actions.” Although I am only doing some small things now, I firmly believe that if we all have the responsibility to protect the environment , starting from ourselves, starting from small things, and working together to protect our homeland will naturally give mankind the rewards it deserves. Take a nap on the grassland, the cradle of warmth; grow up under the sky, the kind smiling face; bathe in the river, the source of love