Characteristic place names, names and origins

Throughout the ages, there are countless place names in China. The origin of place names involves all aspects of natural science and social science. Today, we should introduce them as follows:

1, named after mountains and waters. Mainly divided into the following situations: (1) directly named after mountains, rivers and lakes, such as Wutai County, Mudanjiang City, Yishui County and Weishan County. (2) use auspicious words to name mountains and rivers. For example, Tai 'an City is named after Mount Tai, which means that the country is safe for the people. (3) Place names consist of the initials of several mountains and rivers. Before the Western Jin Dynasty, xintai city was called "Yang Dongping County". In the first year of Jin and Tai, Hou Yanghu took the initials of Xinfushan and Taishan and changed the county name to Xintai. Xiaoxiang, an ancient town named after the Five Dynasties, is located in the northwest of Yongzhou City, Hunan Province. It is named because it is located at the intersection of Xiaoxiang. (4) Named after the location of mountains and water. For example, Shanxi Province is named after being located in the west of Taihang Mountain, Yunnan Province is named after being located in the south of Yunling Mountain, Hubei Province is named after being located in the north of Dongting Lake, and runan county is named after being located in the south bank of Ruhe River. Located on the north and south sides of the landscape, it is often used as "proper name of landscape+Yin (or Yang)"

Naming: Shannan, Shuibei is Yang, and vice versa. For example, Hengyang is named after the south of Hengshan Mountain, Luoyang is named after the north of Luohe River, and Haiyang is named after the north of the Yellow Sea. Such place names include Mengyin County and Jiangyin City. In this kind of place names, there are many yang and few yin. (5) It is named after being located at the source of rivers, such as Jiyuan City, Yiyuan County and Ziyuan County. (6) Named after being located at the end of the river, such as Hankou, Haimen and Hekou Yao Autonomous County. (7) It is named after the water or the mountain, such as Linyi City, Linfen City, Linhai City, Jiangpu County, Xupu County, Huaibin County, Binhai County, Linqu County, Lin Qiong County and Lingao County. In addition, Hechuan City, formerly known as Hezhou, was renamed Hechuan County on 19 13 because it is located at the intersection of Jialing River, Fujiang River and Qujiang River. Sanshui City is named because it is located at the intersection of Xijiang River and Beijiang River, and the city is adjacent to Xijiang River, Beijiang River and Pearl River. (8) It is named after the twists and turns of mountains and rivers. Most of these place names are composed of Hequ, Hetao, Yijiawan, Miaojiaqu, Wangjiaquan, Zhujiazhuang and other landscapes or the words Wan, Qu, Tao, Yuan, Jiao and Li after their proper names, while others are directly composed of two such words, such as Yuan.

2, according to the terrain or geographical location. Pingyuan county, for example, is named after its flat terrain. Dawa County is named because it is located in the lower reaches of Liaohe River and Hunhe River and is low-lying. Erhai Lake, Dali, Yunnan, is named after its ear shape. Nose corner in the northeast of Taiwan Province Island is a small peninsula extending into the sea, hence the name. Round-headed pearl, the shore of Taihu Lake, is a peninsula extending into the lake, named after its shape like a round head. Gushan Mountain in the eastern suburb of Fuzhou is named after a huge rock shaped like a drum on its top. Guifeng Mountain in Macheng City, Hubei Province, is named after it looks like a giant turtle. Guimengding, the main peak of Mengshan Mountain in Pingyi County, Shandong Province, is also named after it looks like a giant turtle. Qufu City, Sanmenxia City, Chongming County and Yangzhong City all belong to this category.

3. Two or more place names are merged into a new place name. Fujian Province, in the Tang Dynasty, took the "Fu" of Fuzhou and the "Jian" of Jianzhou as the economic history of Fujian, which gave it the name of Fujian. In the 6th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1667), jiangnan province was divided into Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, among which Jiangsu province was named after the initials of Jiangning and Suzhou, and Anhui province was named after the initials of Anqing and Huizhou. Gansu Province in Qing Dynasty was named after the initials of Ganzhou (now Zhangye) and Suzhou (now Jiuquan). 1939, the artesian well in Fushun County and the tribute well in Rongxian County were merged to set up the city (approved by 1942) and named Zigong. 1949, Wu Yuan and Wu Yang counties merged and the county name was "Yuanyang". 195 1 year, Xilong and Xilin counties merged into Longlin county, and the county name consisted of the last words of the original two counties. 1952, Darhan Banner and Maoming Anqi merged to form Darhan Maoming Allianz Banner. The upper reaches of Ganjiang River are called Ganjiang River after the confluence of tribute water from Dongyuan and Zhangshui from Xiyuan in Ganzhou. The word "gan" is a compound word composed of "Zhang" and "Gong". Tanghe River and Baihe River meet, which is called Tangbai River. Old place names such as Xinhailian and Luda, and present place names such as Wuhan, Xiangfan, Weifang, Zibo, Wuhai, Liupanshui, Gaoqing and Lankao all belong to this category.

4. Keep the old place names. There are two situations: (1) using the names of counties and cities in ancient countries. Qufu, the hometown of Confucius, is the capital of Lu, so Qufu was called Lu County in ancient times. Zou Guo, the hometown of Mencius, was renamed Zou Guo in the Zhou Dynasty and Zou County (now Zoucheng City) in the Qin Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's hometown, Yang Du County (now south of yinan county), was once the capital of a small country, Yang Guo, during the Spring and Autumn Period. Juxian, Tengzhou and Tancheng counties are all named after ancient countries. (2) Use the first words of several local place names in different historical periods to form new place names. Deping is the name of an old county in Shandong Province. Pingchang County in Han Dynasty and Ande County in Wei Dynasty. After the Five Dynasties and the later Tang Dynasty, it was called "Deping".

5. Name villages as towns and towns as cities and counties. In China, most towns and villages are directly named after the resident villages of the township government. Therefore, no examples are given here. There are many cities and counties named after villages and towns in China, such as Shijiazhuang, Zaozhuang, Hebi, Zhumadian, Dongying, Jingdezhen, Jiangyan, Xinji and Zhangjiajie.

6. The separated county is named after its position in the parent county. Laixi County was separated from the western part of Laiyang County (now both counties have been removed from the county to set up a city). Rudong County is located in the east of Rugao County (now Rugao City). Yinan county was called Nanyimeng County when it was separated from the south of Yishui and Mengyin counties in 1939. Later, because the proper names of counties in China are mostly two words, for the sake of cohesion, considering that counties are mostly in the south of the original Yishui County, it was renamed as yinan county. In the future, although the jurisdiction of Mengyin was delineated and parts of Linyi, Juxian and Feixian were included, the name "Yinan" remained unchanged.

7. It got its name because it was the seat of government, state and county in history. For example, there are several inspection departments in Dongping County, Shandong Province, Guxian Village in Mengyin County, Jiuzhou Town in Anshun City, Guizhou Province, qi zhou Town in Qichun County, Hubei Province and Yunnan Province, as well as villages named after "Cheng Zi" all over the country.

8. It is named because it is close to the border. Yanbian County, Sichuan Province is named after its proximity to Yunnan Province. Zhangjiajie was originally a village, named after it was located at the junction of Dayong, Sangzhi and Cili counties. There are three jieshou villages in junan county and five jieshou townships in Yuncheng county. The names of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jingbian, Jieshou, Shang Jie, Tieshan, Jiehualong, Huang Yangjie, He Jie and jiepai all belong to this category.

9. Named after industrial and mining production sites. Daye city is named after Tonglushan Ancient Mining and Metallurgy Site. Lime Kiln Village, Zhifu District, Yantai City, formerly known as Lime Kiln. Legend has it that someone built a kiln here to burn lime in the Tang Dynasty, hence the name. The resident of Zuoyun County Government is Liangjiayoufang Village. There are many villages named after the word "Ye" in Laiwu City. After the founding of New China, geological prospectors took these village names with the word "Ye" as clues and used modern exploration technology to find out a large number of iron, copper, gold, lead and other mineral deposits. Laiwu iron mine has proven reserves of 650 million tons, ranking first in East China.

10, named after the business premises. "Market" is a market where goods are bought and sold regularly in rural or urban areas. Many place names are named after "Ji" or "city": in the north, especially in the border area between Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui, there are many houses named after the word "Ji", such as Fu and Qing Dynasties. Settings; In the south, especially in Hunan and Hubei, there are many settlements named after the word "city", such as Tianjin, Shashi and Wen Jia. "Wu" is the official trading organ and place in Song Dynasty, and the common saying in Song and Yuan Dynasties is also called hotel wine service. Some place names of "Wu" are still in use today, such as Yang tax, Hexi affairs and Shangjiu affairs.

1 1, named after the agricultural activity place. Kenli County was named after being called Reclamation Area and Lijinwa in the past. Liu Xing's Liu Jia Garden in Juxian County, Li Lin, Shiziling, Lizigou, Caiyuan, Yu Tao and Xingyu in yinan county all belong to this category.

Named after meteorological conditions. Such place names are named after frequent meteorological conditions such as wind, rain, snow, hail and lightning. Fengmingkou Village in yinan county is located at the valley exit. There are many barren hills and little vegetation in this area, and tornadoes are prone to occur in summer. Although the damaged area is small, the wind is strong, generally at 10 ~ 12, accompanied by heavy rain, which is very destructive. Therefore, people named this village "Fengmingkou".

13, named after transportation, post stations, delivery shops, hotels, etc. Such as Shuanghou, Yitou, Longquanyi, Guantang, Lvting, Dipu (resident of Anji County People's Government), Wulipu, Shilipu, Erlipu, Sanlipu, Sishilipu, Zhumadian and Zhangdian.

14, named after Guansai and Port. Such as Zhangjiakou, Yumen, Shanhaiguan, Yingkou, Longkou, Xiamen, Haikou, fenglingdu, Tianjin, Jin Meng and Wharf (the name of a town in Tancheng County).

15, named after the location of military activities and garrison. After these place names, there are many words such as Wei, Suo, Tun, Ying, Zhai and Shao, such as Ahava, Royal Thousand Houses Shijiu Village (referred to as Shijiu House), Huangjiatun and Huaiyin District People's Government of Huai 'an City.